Ana ɗaukar wannan tsuntsu ɗayan mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin dangin falcon. Karami da tattabara, amma duk da haka mai farauta ne, mai kashe kananan yara da manyan kwari. Sunan wannan karamin-fallon shine "kobchik". Amma akwai wani suna - "jan-kafa mai tsaka", godiya ga lemu mai haske "wando" da ƙafafun ja ko launin ja.
Saboda lamuranta na ban mamaki, firistocin arna suna girmama wannan tsuntsu mai sihiri. Kuma gama-garin mutane tun zamanin da sun rattaba tarbiyya don taimakawa tseratar da amfanin gona daga mamayar fara da sauran kwari masu noma.
Bayani kobchik
Kobchik jinsin daban ne a cikin dangin fallon, kodayake galibi ana rikita shi da fallon da kestrel. Launi da rabbai suna kama sosai. Bambancin kawai a cikin girman. Kogin kobchik bashi da mahimmanci sosai ga danginsa, duka girman jikinsa ko kuma a cikin fukafukinsa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Tsuntsu ya samo sunansa "kobchik" daga tsohuwar kalmar Rasha "kobets". A karkashin wannan tunanin, mahaukatan sun hada kan kananan falcons farauta. Bayan lokaci, tsohon sunan Rasha don tsuntsayen ya yi ƙaura zuwa wasu mutanen Slavic har ma ya ƙare a Turai. Sunan jinsunan Faransa don wannan karamin falcon shine "kobez".
Bayyanar
Yarinyar fawn ba ta wuce gram 200, ya kai tsayinsa yakai 34 cm kuma ya yi fukafukai wanda yakai cm 75 kawai. Bugu da ƙari, mazan wannan nau'in falcons sun fi na mata ƙanana. Bekin tsuntsun halayyar halayyar ɗan adam ne mai kamala, amma gajere ne kuma ba shi da ƙarfi kamar na 'yan'uwansa a cikin iyali. Yatsun kuma ba sa bambanta a ƙarfi da ƙarfi, farcen ya yi ƙanana.
Akwai tattaunawa ta musamman game da plumage. Da fari dai, ba shi da wuya a cikin fallen namiji kamar, misali, a cikin gyrfalcon ko fallon peregrine kuma yana da sassauƙa "tsari". Abu na biyu, launin wannan tsuntsu ya dogara ba kawai ga jinsi ba, har ma da shekaru. Don haka, samari masu cats suna da ƙafafun rawaya. Suna rikida su zama lemu (a cikin mata) da kuma ja (a cikin maza) sai lokacin da tsuntsun ya zama baligi. Har ila yau baki yana yin duhu tare da shekaru, yana juyawa daga launin shuɗi-shuɗi zuwa baƙi.
Maza masu fawa suna da “ado” da haske fiye da mata. Galibinsu launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne, masu gashin fuka-fuka masu baƙar fata da ciki mai haske orange da "wando". Mata an hana musu 'wando' masu haske. Hawan jikinsu launin ruwan kasa ne iri-iri tare da raɓaɓɓun launuka a baya, fukafukai da wutsiya. Yanayi yana nishadantar da kansa kawai da ƙananan "antennae" kusa da bakin.
Mahimmanci! Peananan raƙuman namiji - Amur - an rarrabe shi da launuka masu haske na ƙyallen fata da kyawawan fararen "kunci".
Salon rayuwa
Falananan dabbar falon - fawn yana da halaye na halaye da yawa waɗanda suka banbanta shi da sauran dangin.
Kobchik tsuntsaye ne na jama'a, wanda ba al'ada bane ga falconry... Kadai waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa rayuwa, galibi a cikin yankuna, maimakon yawa - har zuwa nau'i-nau'i 100. Amma a nan ne "zamantakewar jama'a" na kuliyoyin maza suka ƙare. Ba kamar sauran tsuntsayen da ke zama cikin garken tumbi ba, wnayan goron maza ba sa haɗuwa da masu ɗauka da kuma gida, duk da cewa sun sami mahimmancin ɗaukar nauyi ga "mai auren" da ke yin ƙwai.
Dawakai ba sa yin gida... Waɗannan ƙananan falcons ba magina ba ne. Ba tare da damuwa da aikin gini ba, sun gwammace su mamaye gidajen wasu mutane. Mafi sau da yawa waɗannan ana watsi da rooks ko haɗiye gida, hankaka, magpies. Idan babu su, to, a matsayin gida don yanayi, namijin goyo na iya zaɓar rami ko ma burrow.
Foxs tsuntsayen ƙaura ne... Sun isa wurin makwancinsu a ƙarshen - a watan Mayu da kuma jajibirin yanayin sanyi, tuni a watan Agusta, zasu koma yankuna masu dumi - na hunturu. Arshen lokacin kiwo na jan zakaru yana da alaƙa da lokacin kiwo na babban abincinsu - fara da sauran kwari.
Kobchiks - mafarautan rana... Da dare, a cikin duhu, ba sa farauta, akasin takamaiman sunan su "vespertinus", wanda aka fassara daga Latin zuwa "maraice". Aikin karamin falcons yana farawa daga fitowar rana zuwa ƙarewar rana.
Foxes suna neman ganima daga iska. Da ganin makasudin, sai su fara fiffike fikafikan su da kuzari, suna haifar da sakamakon shawagi a wuri guda. Daga nan sai mai farauta mai fuka-fukai ya fado kasa kamar dutse ya kwaci ganima. Idan ba a ba da niyya ga ƙafafun a karo na farko ba, kyanwa namiji za su bi ta, suna kamawa a ƙasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Don farauta, felines suna buƙatar kyakkyawan ra'ayi, saboda haka sun gwammace su zauna a cikin matattakala ko wuraren dausayi, a cikin sarari, guje wa gandun daji masu dausayi, daji da kauri.
Foxes suna son tashi... Waɗannan tsuntsayen tafi-da-gidanka ne, kodayake a cikin saurin jirgi sun kasance ƙasa da wakilan danginsu - falgons peregrine, merlin, sha'awa. Amma dabarun jirgin saman falcon yana da kyau kwarai. Wannan mahimmin inganci ne; in ba tare da shi ba, da tsuntsu ba zai iya tashi zuwa hunturu a kasashe masu dumi ba.
A zamanin da, lokacin da ake goga fawn, mutane kan iyakance sha'awar tsuntsu ta tashi ta hanyar datse fikafikan sa.
Kobchiks jarumi ne... Girman karami ba zai hana wannan tsuntsu fada tare da bakin haure ba don mallakar gidanta. Kuma wannan ɗan ƙaramin ɗan iska zai iya yin lalata a cikin gidan kaza alhali mai shi ba ya wurin.
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin daji, matsakaiciyar rayuwar ɗan ta yaya ta iyakance zuwa shekaru 12-15... A cikin bauta, tsawon rayuwarsu ya ƙaru zuwa 20 har ma da shekaru 25. Misali, a Afirka, ana ragargaza dabbobi, a hankali suna kirkirar garkensu, wanda ba ya tashi kuma yana taimakawa wajen kare amfanin gona daga kananan beraye da kwari masu cutarwa. A irin wannan yanayi, kuliyoyin "cikin gida" suna gudanar da rayuwa tsawon shekaru 15 da 18 ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin gida na jan kafa mai fadi yana da fadi. Ana iya samun wannan ɗan ƙaramin fallen a cikin Turai da Gabas mai nisa. Tsuntsu yakan tashi ne zuwa hunturu a Afirka ko zuwa kudancin Asiya. Zaɓin mazaunin zama, mai jan ƙafa ya fi son gandun daji da gefen tsaunuka. Tsayin doki baya firgita. Ana iya samun wadannan tsuntsayen a tsawan mita 3000 sama da matakin teku.
Mazaunin jan kafa mai kafa-kafa a yamma ya isa tafkin arewa na harajin Lena Vilyui, a gabas - zuwa gabar Baikal. Babban adadin karamin-falcons suna zaune a cikin Ukraine, Russia da Kazakhstan. Hakanan an ga kuliyoyi masu ƙafa-ƙafa a Arewacin Amurka.
Kobchik abinci
Babban abincin rago na karnin namiji yana cike da furotin mai tsabta - beetles, dragonflies, grasshoppers, fara. Idan babu irin wannan, karamin-falkilin yana mai da hankalinsa zuwa babban wasa - ƙananan bera, ƙananan ƙadangare, macizai har ma da tsuntsaye - gwarare, tattabarai.
Mahimmanci! Mutane suna yin amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta ba wai kawai saboda suna cikin masu kashe kwari masu cutarwa ba. Kuliyoyi maza, masu tsaron yankin ciyarwar su, kada ku bari tsuntsayen da ke fafatawa kusa da shi, waɗanda za su iya fitar da amfanin gona.
A cikin bauta, fawns na maza suna da iko. Akwai lokuta lokacin da aka ciyar da su ba kawai ɗanyen nama da hanta ba, har ma tsiran alade.
Makiya na halitta
An lura cewa wannan tsuntsu ba shi da abokan gaba na zahiri. Amma, duk da wannan, adadin nishaɗi yana raguwa kowace shekara. Wani mutum yana cutar da yawan karamin-falcon da yawan amfani da magungunan kwari don sarrafa filayen noma. Ba kawai kwari masu cutarwa suke mutuwa ba, har ma da mini-falcons, waɗanda ke cin su sosai.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Foxes sun isa wuraren zama a ƙarshen Afrilu, a farkon Mayu tare da manufa ɗaya - don barin zuriya... Sun sauka bakin aiki ba tare da bata lokaci ba da zaran sun isa wurin. Lokacin saduwa gajere ne - raye-raye da yawa na namiji a gaban mace don jan hankalinta, kuma yanzu ta riga ta zauna akan ƙwai. Hannun fawn namiji ya ƙunshi ƙwai har zuwa 5-7. Qwai don daidaita tsuntsu - dada, m tare da ɗigon duhu. Tsarin kwasfa ƙwai yana ɗaukar tsawon wata guda - zuwa farkon watan Yuni, a matsayinka na mai mulki, ana haihuwar kajin jan kafa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Namiji da mace suna ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai a bi da bi, suna sauya matsayinsu. Yayinda ɗayan ke kare zuriya ta gaba, ɗayan yana samun abinci.
Kajin Falcon suna girma da sauri. Wata daya da rabi bayan haihuwa - a tsakiyar watan Yuli - sun riga sun tashi a kan reshe sun bar gidan iyayen. Yana ɗaukar su makonni biyu don samun kwarin gwiwa game da damar farautar su da kuma ƙwarewar ƙwarewar tashi. Kaji da suka girma a wannan lokacin basa tashi sama da gidan iyayensu, kuma iyayensu suna ciyar dasu. Amma zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta, shirye-shirye masu mahimmanci sun fara don dogon jirgin zuwa nan gaba zuwa wuraren sanyi. Garken suna barin wurin nest a farkon rabin Satumba a ƙarshe. Kuma a wannan lokacin, samari da suka girma sun cika kuma suna da independentan 'yan ƙungiyar shiryawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
An san tsuntsun mai jan kafa a duniya a matsayin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba a saba da shi ba kuma aka ba shi matsayin NT, wanda ke nufin "kusa da yanayin da ake fuskantar barazana". A Rasha, fawn yana cikin shafi na littafin Red Book na Tarayyar Rasha, ma'ana, doka ta hana farauta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A halin yanzu, akwai ajiyar wasu adadi a cikin Rasha inda jan kafa mai falon ke zaune - Nizhne-Svirsky, Sokhondinsky, ajiyar "Arkaim", da dai sauransu.
Wannan karamin falcon din yana buƙatar kariya mai ƙarfi don dakatar da raguwar yawanta cikin sauri... Mutum, a matsayin mafi ƙanƙanci, ya zama tilas ya sauƙaƙa amfani da sinadarai masu guba wajen sarrafa amfanin gonar sa kuma, a matsakaice, fara ƙirƙirar ƙananan ajiya a wuraren da ke jan jan falki. Masana sun kuma dage a kan mahimmancin adana dogayen bishiyoyi da ke girma a mazaunin wannan tsuntsu - a yankuna masu tudu da kuma kwarin kogi.
