Selenes, ko masu amai, wakilai ne na jinsin kifin marine wanda dangin mackerel ne (Carangidae). Irin waɗannan mazaunan ruwa suna yaɗu a kan shiryayyun Tekun Atlantika da kuma gabashin gabashin Tekun Fasifik. Seleniums kifi ne wanda ke jagorantar salon rayuwa mafi yawanci a makaranta, galibi yakan zama mai tarin yawa da tarin abubuwa masu yawa a cikin layin ruwa ko kuma kusa da ƙasan.
Bayanin amai
Dangane da harajin kifin na yanzu, selenium, ko masu amai (Selene) suna da matsayinsu a cikin dangin mackerel na dawakai kuma a cikin tsari Perciformes. Irin waɗannan mazaunan ruwa suna cikin jinsin dangin nannakara blue neon - sanannen sanannen cichlids daga odar Percoid.
Ba kamar sauran kifaye ba, irin waɗannan wakilan na gidan Stavridovye suna da ikon samar da sautunan da ba a saba da su ba da kuma rauni, wanda mazaunan ruwa ke amfani da shi don sadarwa a cikin makaranta da tsoratar da makiya.
Bayyanar, girma
Vomeres yana da alaƙa da jiki mai ƙarfi wanda ke matse shi sosai ta gefe. A wannan yanayin, layin gefe na kifin yana lankwasawa ta hanyar baka kawai a yankin da ke saman fin pectoral. A cikin ɓangaren wutsiya, irin wannan layin yana madaidaiciya madaidaiciya. Garkuwar kasusuwa ba su nan. Yankin gaban yana da tsayi sosai, sama kuma yana da kyau sosai. Bakin selenium ya kasance matacce.
Jawananan muƙamuƙin kifin yana da halin lanƙwasa sama. Firstarshen farko na dorsal yana wakiltar takwas zaune daban da gajeren spines lokaci ɗaya. Insunƙun ƙugu ƙananan kuma gajere sosai. Fushin wutsiya yana da siffar sihiri, kazalika da kasancewar doguwa da siririyar kara. Launin jikin amai azurfa ce mai launin shuɗi ko shuɗi mai haske a bayansa. Fins suna launin toka.
Veniananan yara a cikin yanki na farkon farkon goshin bayan fage suna da matakai na filamentous masu kyau, wanda a cikin wakilan manya na wasu nau'in sun ɓace gaba ɗaya bayan lokaci.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Selenium yana aiki ne kawai da dare, kuma da rana irin waɗannan mazaunan ruwa na ruwa sun fi so su ɓuya a cikin mafaka kusa da ƙasan ko kusa da bakin ruwa. Vomers suna da kyau a ɓoye kansu cikin ruwa. Saboda bambance-bambancen tsarin fata, irin wadannan kifaye suna iya samun sauqin kamuwa da bayyananniya ko bayyana a gaban wasu hasken wuta.
Matasa daga cikin masu amai sun gwammace su kasance cikin ruwan da aka keɓe kusa da bakin teku, lokaci-lokaci suna shiga wadatattun kogunan ruwa. Wakilan manya na jinsin sun shiga cikin garken lambobi daban-daban, kuma suna matsawa daga bakin tekun kusan mil dari. Mafi mahimmancin yanayi don wanzuwar yau da kullun shine kasancewar ƙasa mai laka a cikin tafki, amma kuma an yarda da kasancewar muhimmin haɗuwa da yashi.
Halin kifin kai tsaye ya dogara da cikakken aikin gabobin dandano da taɓawa, waɗanda suke ko'ina cikin jiki kuma mazaunan ruwa ke amfani da su don gano abinci da cikas, da kuma kowane haɗari.
Yaya yawan amai yake rayuwa
Tun daga farkon ranar haihuwar, ana barin zirin selenium shi kaɗai ga kansa, wanda ke tilasta kifin daidaitawa da sauri yadda ya kamata ga duk abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa, kuma yana ba da izini kawai ga mafiya ƙarfi mutane da saurin saurin rayuwa. Ba kamar "watan-kifi-wata" ba, masu amai ba sa rayuwa tsawon shekaru ɗari, amma suna iya yin shekaru goma. A cikin yanayin yanayi, wakilan irin wannan ba safai suke '' ƙetarewa 'ƙofar shekaru bakwai ba.
Nau'in Selenium
Zuwa yau, tsarannin Selena daga dangin Stavridov sun hada da manyan jinsuna bakwai. Hudu daga cikin wadannan nau'ikan suna rayuwa a cikin tekun Atlantika kuma nau'ikan uku mazaunan Tekun Fasifik ne. A lokaci guda, wakilan Pacific suna da manyan bambance-bambance daga kowane mutum na Atlantic. Wadannan sifofi daban-daban sun hada da rashin sikeli, kazalika da wasu sifofin tsarin jijiyoyin dorsal a cikin yara.
Nau'in selenium na yanzu:
- Selene brevoortii mazaunin gabashin gabashin Tekun Pacific ne, daga Mexico zuwa Ecuador. Matsakaicin tsayin babba ya kai kimanin 37-38 cm;
- Moonfish na Caribbean (Selene brownii) mazaunin yammacin gabar Tekun Atlantika ne, daga Mexico zuwa Brazil. Matsakaicin iyakar baligi ya kai kimanin 28-29 cm;
- Moonfish na Afirka (Selene dorsalis) mazaunin gabashin gabashin Tekun Atlantika ne, daga Fotigal zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Matsakaicin tsayin babban mutum shine 37-38 cm tare da matsakaicin nauyin 1.5 kg .;
- Selenium na Mexico (Selena orstedii) mazaunin gabashin gabashin Tekun Pacific ne, daga Mexico zuwa Colombia. Matsakaicin tsayin manya shine 33 cm;
- Selenium na Peruv (Selene peruviana) mazaunin gabashin gabashin Tekun Pacific, daga California zuwa Peru. Matsakaicin iyakar baligi shine 39-40 cm;
- Yankin selenium na Yammacin Atlantika, ko kuma moonfish na Atlantic (Selene setapinnis) mazaunin yammacin gabar Tekun Atlantika ne, daga Kanada zuwa Ajantina. Matsakaicin tsayin babba ya kai kimanin 60 cm tare da matsakaicin nauyin kilogiram 4,6;
- selenium na kowa (Selene vomer) mazaunin yammacin gabar Tekun Atlantika ne, daga Kanada zuwa Uruguay. Matsakaicin matsakaicin manya ya kai kusan 47-48 cm tare da matsakaicin nauyin kilogram 2.1.
Yankin tekun Atlantika yana da haskoki 4-6 na dorsal na farko, kuma don kifin na irin na Pacific, fadada fitowar farkon haskoki na farko na fin fin na biyu na da kyau. A cikin mutane mafi yawancin jinsuna, yayin da suke girma da girma, raguwar haskoki mai sauƙi a hankali yana faruwa, kuma kawai banda shine wasu jinsunan Pacific - selenium na Mexico, da kuma Brevoort selenium.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin selenium, ko vomera (Selene) yana da wakiltar Tekun Atlantika da gabashin gabashin Tekun Fasifik. A cikin ruwan Tekun Atlantika, Stavridiformes suna zaune a yankin yankuna masu zafi kusa da gabar Amurka ta Tsakiya da yankunan bakin teku na Yammacin Afirka. A cikin Tekun Fasifik, mafi kyawun yanayin rayuwar kifin da ba a saba gani ba yana wakiltar ruwa mai zafi daga bakin tekun Amurka, kai tsaye tare da California, har zuwa Ecuador da Peru.
Iyalin Stavridovye sun bazu sosai a kan gadon nahiya, inda irin waɗannan mazaunan ruwa, a ƙa'ida, ba sa nutsuwa ƙasa da zurfin mita 50-60, kuma sun fi son tarawa kusa da ƙasan ko kai tsaye a cikin layin ruwa kusa da ƙasa. Voman amai da suka manyanta kuma suna jin daɗi sosai a kan ƙasa mai laka ko laka.
Lokaci-lokaci, tarin tarin kusa da ƙasa na haɗuwar selenium tare da mackerel na doki, da kuma bumpers da sardinella, saboda hakan ne ya haifar da manyan makarantun kifi.
Abincin Vomer
Bayan faduwar rana, masu amai suna aiki kuma suna fara neman abinci. Mazaunin yankin ruwa mai zafi na Tekun Atlantika, yankin bakin teku na Amurka ta Tsakiya da Afirka ta Yamma yana cin abinci a kan ƙananan ƙananan kifaye, har ma da kowane irin biredtebrates ko zooplankton.
Manyan selenium da yara suna neman abinci wa kansu galibi a cikin silan silty na ƙasa. A yayin neman abinci, kifin ya fasa kasa. Masu amai da balagaggu suna aiki sosai wajen cin naman jatan lande, ƙaramin kifi, da kadoji da tsutsotsi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Haihuwar wakilan gidan Stavridovye da jinsi na Selena na da girma sosai, kuma manyan mata suna da ikon samar da ƙwai kusan miliyan har ma da ƙari, wanda nan da nan bayan tsarin haihuwar ya yi iyo a cikin ruwa. Duk larvae da aka kyankyashe suna amfani da karamin plankton a cikin abincin su, kuma kuma ana iya samun nasarar ɓoyewa daga masu cin abincin ruwa.
Makiya na halitta
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, manyan kifaye masu farautar farautar masu amai, amma babban hadari ga yawan irin wadannan mazaunan ruwa a yau mutane ne. Ragowar raguwar yawan wakilan wakilan Selena saboda tsananin kamun kifi da rashin iya irin wannan kifin don dawo da lambobin su da sauri yayin aiwatarwa. A yarinta, kusan kashi 80% na duk soyayyen amai ana kashe su.
Darajar kasuwanci
Masu amai na Atlantika a halin yanzu suna da iyakance a ƙimar kasuwanci, kuma kamun da suke samu na shekara-shekara ba zai iya wuce dubun dubun ton ba. Wakilan jinsunan kifin ruwa na dangin Stavridovye sanannen abu ne don kamun kifin wasanni. Hukumomin Ecuador suna sanya takunkumin masunta lokaci-lokaci. Misali, a cikin watan Maris na 2012, an dakatar da kamun kifin irin wannan kifin kwata-kwata.
Mafi girman ƙimar kasuwanci a yau, mai yiwuwa, ana keɓance ta ne ta hanyar selenium na ƙasar Peru. Ana gudanar da kamun kifi don irin wannan kifin galibi kusa da gabar tekun Ecuador, inda aka kama selenium ta amfani da trawls da jakar kuɗi. Notedarin buƙatar irin wannan kifin mai ban sha'awa an lura da shi a Gabashin Turai, wanda ya haifar da sanadin kamun kifi na yawan jama'a.
Masu amai na Pacific, tare da danshi, mai laushi, nama mai daɗi, suna da kyau sosai ana breshi koda a cikin fursuna. Mutanen da suka girma a cikin nurseries ba su da girma a girma, suna isa kawai 15-20 cm a tsayi. Babban sharuɗɗan keɓaɓɓen ƙwayar amai shine kiyaye tsarin zazzabi da ake buƙata na ruwa da kasancewar ƙura mai laka daga tafki.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Kyakkyawan yanayin dacewa na amai zuwa ruwan ruwa yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙarfin ƙarfin yawan jama'a. Duk da cewa babu halin kiyayewa, kamun ya ragu a halin yanzu saboda yawan kifin da irin wannan kifi da kuma rashin ƙarfin kwayar halittar ta warke da sauri.
