Barcin Amur, ko Amur mai bacci, ko Ganye, ko kuma wutar wuta (Perssottus glienii) nau'ine ne na kifin mai rai-rai wanda yake mallakar dangi ne, kuma shine kawai wakilin jinsin itacen girki (Perssotus). A cikin wallafe-wallafe, ana samun takamammen sunan takamaiman Latin: glеhni ko glеnhi. Sunan jinsin - Persottus shima kuskure ne.
Bayanin rotan
Tun rabin rabin karnin da ya gabata, tsakanin masu ruwa da baƙi na cikin gida, yawancin lokuta ana fara kiran rotan da Amur goby, wanda hakan ya samo asali ne saboda yanayin irin wannan kifin.
Bayyanar
Rotans, ko tsire-tsire masu ciyawa, suna da jiki mai gaɓa kuma gajere, an lulluɓe su da sikeli marasa nauyi da matsakaici.... Wutar wuta ta rotan an bambanta ta da launi mai canzawa mai sauyi, amma duk da haka, launin toka-kore da sautuka masu launin ruwan kasa sun fi yawa, tare da kasancewar ƙananan ƙananan launuka da ratsi na fasalin rashin tsari. Ruwan ciki, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ƙaƙƙarfan tabarau ne mara haske. Tare da farkon lokacin saduwa, masu juyawa suna mallakar halayyar baƙin launi. Tsawon babban kifin ya bambanta gwargwadon yanayin yanayin mazaunin, amma yakai kimanin 14-25 cm. Matsakaicin nauyin babban kifin shine gram 480-500.
Shugaban bacci Amur ya fi girma, tare da babban baki, zaune tare da ƙananan hakora da kaifi, waɗanda aka tsara su cikin layuka da yawa. Abun da ke rufe kifin yana da kashin baya, wanda ke halayyar dukkan kifaye masu kama da nama. Babban bambanci tsakanin rotan shine samuwar tsari mai laushi kamar kashin baya da ƙanshi mai laushi ba tare da ƙaya mai kaifi ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin tafki mai yashi, ma'aunin masu bacci Amur sun fi launi launi fiye da na mutanen da ke zaune a ruwa mai dausayi. A lokacin haihuwa, kamar a watan Mayu-Yuli, namiji ya zama mai launi mai baƙar fata, kuma mace, akasin haka, tana samun tabarau masu haske.
Akwai fika-fikai biyu a cikin yankin dorsal, amma fin na baya yana da kyau sosai. Jinsin yana tattare da gajeren finafinai da manyan, ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafu. Har ila yau, wutsiyar kifin ma an zagaye shi. Gabaɗaya, mai bacci Amur yayi kamanceceniya da wakilan kifin goby na yau da kullun, amma yana da ƙananan ƙafafun ƙashin ƙugu.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Rotans ba sa iya rayuwa a ƙarƙashin cikakken daskarewa, amma idan ruwa ya daskare, saboda glucose da glycerin, waɗanda kifi ke ɓoye su, ƙayyadaddun adadin gishirin da ke cikin kyallen takarda da ruwa yana ƙaruwa yadda ya kamata, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga raguwar mahimmin yanayi a cikin yanayin ƙirar ƙarfe. Don haka, nan da nan bayan ruwan ya narke, juyawa zai iya komawa cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun.
Peressottus glienii ya fi son tsayayyun jikin ruwa, koramai da fadama... Kifin wannan nau'in ba shi da ma'ana ga yanayin waje, gami da ƙarancin iskar oxygen, amma suna ƙoƙari su guji tafki da sauri ko matsakaici. Wakilin kawai na jinsin gobarar da ke zaune a kududdufai, ana samunsa a cikin kananan tafki, wadanda suka yi girma da kuma fadama, da kuma kogunan koramu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Rotans suna iya yin tsayayya da sauƙin bushewar ruwa daga tafkunan ruwa da cikakken daskarewa na ruwa zuwa ƙasan lokacin hunturu, kuma suma suna rayuwa harma a cikin gurɓataccen ruwa.
Kifi ne wanda ba kowa a ciki, yana farauta sosai tare da wasu mafarautan da suka yi kwanton-bauna - suna ɓuya a cikin danshin ruwa mai yawa. A cikin shekaru goman karshe na Disamba, kifi ya samar da manyan tarin abubuwa a cikin kogon kankara wadanda suka cika da mutane masu danshi-da kankara. A cikin wannan halin na rashin nutsuwa, kifin hibernate har zuwa bazara. A cikin tafkunan da ke kusa da Moscow, ƙananan wuta, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba sa yin bacci.
Tsawon rayuwa
Matsakaicin rayuwar Amur mai bacci a ƙarƙashin mafi kyawun yanayi yana tsakanin shekaru goma sha biyar, amma wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na mutane yana rayuwa kusan shekaru 8-10.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Asali, mashigar Kogin Amur, da kuma Gabashin Gabas na Rasha, yankunan arewacin Koriya ta Arewa da yankin arewa maso gabashin China, sun kasance mazaunin rotan. Bayyanar wannan wakilin kawai na jinsin itacen girki a karnin da ya gabata a cikin tafkin Baikal masana kimiyya da yawa na daukar sa sakamakon gurbatar halitta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A yau an lura da kasancewar rotan a cikin tafkunan irin wadannan koguna kamar su Volga da Dnieper, Don da Dniester, Danube da Irtysh, Ural da Styr, da kuma Ob, inda wannan kifin ya fi son tsayayyiyar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa.
A farkon karni na ashirin, an sake sakin ruwansha cikin madatsun ruwa na St. A cikin tafkunan ruwa tare da ingantattun al'ummomin kifi da yawancin jinsunan masu farauta, kusan babu albarkatun abinci kyauta. A cikin irin wannan matattarar ruwa, Amur mai bacci cikin tawali'u yafi rayuwa kusa da yankin bakin teku, a cikin ciyayi, saboda haka, babu wani mummunan sakamako mara kyau game da abun ichthyofauna.
Abinci, abinci mai gina jiki
Rotans masu cin abincin ruwa ne... Idan da farko ana amfani da soya don ciyar da zooplankton, to bayan wani ɗan lokaci ƙananan invertebrates da benthos suna zama abincin kifin. Manya suna cin ƙananan nau'in kifi, leda da sababbi, da tadpoles. Bigheads na iya ciyar da caviar sauran kifin har ma da gawa. Jinsi yana da kyakkyawar gani, saboda abinda yake hango abin farautarsa daga nesa, daga baya kuma a hankali, "ya zube" yana tunkarar wanda aka azabtar, yana aiki a irin wannan lokacin kawai da fincinsa na ƙugu. Motsi na rotan farauta yana da saurin nutsuwa da nutsuwa, kuma shi kansa kifin yana da ƙwarewar dabara, wanda ke ba shi damar yin shawarwari marasa mahimmanci a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Daga cikin rotan, cin naman mutane ya zama ruwan dare a cikin sigar manyan kifaye masu cin ƙananan mutane waɗanda ke cikin jinsinsu, saboda haka ne ake hadiye ƙugu sosai a yayin kamun kifi.
A cikin kananan koguna, Amur mai bacci da sauri yana da yawa, sabili da haka, suna iya hallaka gaba ɗaya kuma cikin sauƙin halakar kusan dukkanin wakilan kowane nau'in kifayen da ba na farauta ba. Rotans suna da mutunci sosai kuma galibi basu san ma'anar yanayin abinci mai gina jiki ba. Lokacin da kifin ya cika gaba daya, yakan zama kusan ninki uku fiye da yadda yake. Jin daddawa da sauri suna zuwa kasa, inda zasu iya zama har tsawon kwanaki uku, suna kokarin narkar da abinci gaba daya.
Sake bugun rotan
Rigunan wuta na Rotan sun isa cikakkiyar jima'i a cikin kusan shekara ta biyu ko uku ta rayuwa. Lokacin haɓaka aiki yana farawa daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. Matsakaicin mace na wakiltar nau'in halittar gobara tana iya yin yawo har zuwa ƙwai dubu. A lokacin da ake haifar da haihuwar, maza ba wai kawai canza launin baƙar fata ba ne, har ma suna samun irin ci gaban da ke bayyana a yankin gaba. Mata na Perssotus glienii, a gefe guda, ana nuna su da haske, launi mai launi yayin lokacin haihuwar, saboda abin da manyan mutane ke bayyane a bayyane cikin ruwan turbid.
Kwai na Rotan an banbanta su da yanayin su mai tsawo da launin rawaya. Kowane kwai yana da zaren zare, wanda ke sa shi ƙarfi sosai kuma abin dogaro ne a kan gado. Tunda duk ƙwai suna rataye da yardar kaina kuma ruwaye suna wankesu koyaushe, alamun su masu mahimmanci suna ƙaruwa sosai. Duk ƙwai da mace ta yiwa alama namiji yana kiyaye shi koyaushe, wanda a shirye yake ya kare offspringa andan sa kuma ya kiyaye shi sosai daga duk wasu masu cin abincin ruwa. Koyaya, idan rotans na iya samun nasarar kare kansu daga mamayewar verkhovka ko ruff, to tare da haɗarin irin wannan mai cin ruwa na ruwa yana da damar da ba ta dace ba kuma sau da yawa yakan yi asara.
Bayan larva din Amur mai barci ya fara kyankyashewa daga ƙwai, sau da yawa galibi ɗan yakan haɗiye zuriyarsa - wannan nau'in gwagwarmaya ne na mutane masu shekaru daban-daban don rayuwa. Itace itace ke da ikon zama ko da a cikin ruwan gishiri ne kaɗan, amma ana iya aiwatar da aikin keɓantaccen cikin ruwan. Yana da ban sha'awa sosai don lura da rayuwa, gami da hayayyafa da halaye na mai bacci Amur a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye. A cikin bauta, dabi'un mai farauta na yau da kullun sun bayyana, wanda ke ɓoye a tsakanin ciyayi kuma ya afkawa abincinsa da saurin walƙiya.
Mahimmanci!Yanayin mafi kyawun aiki don kwaɗaitaccen wakilin wakiltar jinsin gobara shine kasancewar tsarin zazzabi na ruwa tsakanin 15-20 ° С.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba na gaba na Perssotus glienii sune Amur pike (Esokh reisherti), kifin Amur (Parsilurus asotus), kan Amur na maciji (Channa argus), da sauran manyan masu cin ruwa.
Darajar kasuwanci
A halin yanzu, ana ci gaba da neman hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don rage yawan mutanen irin wannan mai cin ruwa.... A cikin gonakin tafki da yawa, masu juyawa suna cutar da su ta hanyar cin ƙwai da lalata yara ƙanana masu tamani.
Kyakkyawan sifofin ilimin halittar Amur mai barcin sun ba wannan wakilin kawai na jinsin gobara wuta ya zama jinsin haɗari mai haɗari, wanda a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ya daidaita kuma har yanzu yana ci gaba da mulkin mallaka sosai da sababbin ruwa, har ma da nesa da tarihin tarihi.
Majiyoyin adabi suna lura da yanayin Amur mai bacci, wanda a zahiri yake cinye yawancin adadin gurɓataccen ruwa wanda yake kusan dukkanin ƙungiyoyi, amma an ba da fifiko ga ƙwayoyin halitta masu motsi. A cikin cikin kifin baligi, mutum zai iya lura da kasancewar tadpoles, ƙwai da kifin matasa na nau'ikan daban-daban. A kowane jikin ruwa na halitta da na wucin gadi wanda yake da yawan jama'a, kifayen masu farautar manya suna cin invertebrates na kasa da suka fada cikin ruwa. Ba safai ake ganin abincin shuka a cikin cikin irin wannan kifin ba.
Baya ga kyawawan halaye na dandano kuma a kyakkyawan matakin kyawawan kaddarorin masarufi, fa'idodin naman rotan ga jikin mutum suma sanannu ne. Abubuwan amfani na wannan kifin sun samo asali ne daga daidaitaccen bitamin da ma'adinai, ingantaccen abun ciki na bitamin "PP", sulfur da zinc, furotin da molybdenum, chlorine da chromium, nickel.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Rotans suna cikin jinsunan kifin igiya, masu iya korar sauran jinsunan kifayen daga tafki ko kuma rage yawan jama'arsu. Yanzu yawan jinsunan ya kasance a wani babban mataki, saboda haka, hanyoyin da ake mu'amala da wakili kawai na jinsin gobara, wanda ke haifar da babbar illa ga tafki da tattalin arzikin tafki, a halin yanzu ana ci gaba da bunkasa. Idan babu maharan da ke cikin ruwa, Amur mai bacci, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya kawar da kifayen kwata-kwata kamar su roach, dace har ma da irin su kifi.
Masu binciken yanzu sun samo hanyoyin nazarin halittu da dama don dakile yawan jama'a, gami da cire ciyayi masu kariya, tarkowa, tattara kwai lokaci-lokaci a wuraren da ake samar da mahaifa, da girka filayen kera halittu.
Mahimmanci!Wajibi ne a girka raga-raga na kariya na musamman cikin tarkon kifi.
Hakanan an kirkiro hanyar sunadarai wanda zai bada damar rage yawan mutanen rotan, amma mafi kyawu mafi kyawu a wannan lokacin shine amfani da dukkanin hadaddun matakan farko: amfani da ichthyocides, kula da sassan jikin ruwa kusa da sauri da ruwan ammoniya, cire ciyawar ruwa, da kuma shimfida gadaje masu kududdufin domin cikakken magudanar ruwa. ...
Tare da rashi mai yawa na wasu nau'ikan abinci, mafi girma kuma mafi haɓaka mutane na Amur mai bacci suna cin representativesan ƙananan wakilai na jinsin su yadda ya kamata. Ta wannan hanyar ne ake kiyaye girman yawan mutane na Peressotus glienii a cikin alamun natsuwa.
