Wombats, ko mahaifar mahaifa (Vombatidae), wakilai ne na dangin mambobi masu shayarwa, waɗanda ke cikin umarnin wasu ɓarnatattun abubuwa biyu, galibi suna zaune a Ostiraliya. Duk mahaifa suna burrowing, gabaɗaya shuke-shuke, kama da beananan miniayoyi ko kuma manyan oran hamster a bayyane.
Bayanin kwankwaso
Dabbobi masu shayarwa daga umarnin marsupials masu kaifi biyu da dangin Wombat sun rayu a duniyarmu sama da shekaru miliyan goma da suka gabata, wanda kai tsaye ke nuna asalin asali da keɓancewar irin wannan dabba. Yawancin nau'ikan mahaifa sun riga sun ɓace, don haka a yanzu jinsi biyu kawai daga dangin wombat wakilai ne na fauna na zamani: gajerun gashin mace, da mai dogon gashi ko Queensland.
Bayyanar
Omwararrun mata masu kama da dabbobi masu shayarwa.... Matsakaicin nauyin dabba baligi ya kai kilogiram 20-40 tare da tsayin 70-120 cm.Watbat tana da tsari mai kyau kuma mai kauri, yana da karamin jiki, da babban kai da kafafu guda hudu masu karfin gaske. Mace ana bayyana ta da kasancewar ƙaramin wutsiya, wanda ake ganin ba shi da ci gaba. Gashi irin wannan mai shayarwar tana da launin toka ko toka.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An gina bayan herbivore ta wata hanya ta musamman - a nan ne akwai adadi mai yawa na kasusuwa da guringuntsi, waɗanda aka lulluɓe da fata mai tauri sosai, wanda ke matsayin wani nau'in garkuwar kariya ga mata.
Lokacin da abokan gaba suka yi barazanar kutsawa cikin ramin ga irin wannan dabbar da ba a saba da ita ba, mahaifa, a matsayin doka, suna bijirar da bayansu don haka kare ko toshe hanyar zuwa gidansu. Saboda girmanta, ana iya amfani da ɓangaren baya azaman makami don murƙushe abokan gaba. Duk da gajerun yatsun hannu, mahaifan mahaifa, lokacin motsi, suna zuwa saurin har zuwa 40 km / h, kuma suma suna iya hawa bishiya har ma da iyo sosai.
An mai da hankali kan yankin yankin na irin wadannan "beyar"... Kan yana da girma ƙwarai idan aka kwatanta shi da girman jiki, yayin da ya ɗan daidaita, tare da kasancewar idanun fara'a a ɓangarorin. Idan akwai hatsari na gaske, matan na iya yin iya kawai don kare kansu ba, har ma da kai hari yadda ya kamata tare da kai, ta amfani da wannan manufar halayyar motsa jiki.
Muƙamuƙai, da haƙoran mai shayarwa, a tsarin su da bayyanar su, sun yi kama da ainihin gabobin da ke sarrafa abinci. Daga cikin wasu dabbobin marsupial, mahaifa ne wadanda ke da karancin hakora: layuka na sama da na kasa suna da halin kasancewar wasu irin hakoran hakora na gaba, da kuma tauna hakora. A lokaci guda, dabbar ba ta da haƙoran hakora na gargajiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Omwararrun mata sun cancanci sanannen fasahar haƙa, kuma suna iya ƙirƙirar dukkanin labyrinth na ƙasa. A saboda haka ne ake kiran mahaifar mahaifa mafi hazaka da girma.
Theafafun mata na juyawa suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, suna da ƙarfi, suna da ƙusoshin kafa waɗanda suke kan dukkan yatsun kafa biyar na kowace fara. Kyakkyawan kwarangwal na gabobin hannu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar mai shayarwa. Tare da taimakon ƙafafunsu, ƙaramin babba "beyar" suna da ikon haƙa bururbuka masu kyau da ɗakuna. Ramin da suke hako sau da yawa yakan kai tsawon mita 18-20 da faɗi na mita 2.5-3.0. Wakilan rukunin marsupials na Dvoretstsovye da dangin Wombat sun yi ƙira da gina irin "fadoji" na ƙarƙashin ƙasa inda dukkan iyalai ke rayuwa.
Rayuwar mata
Omunƙwara mata galibi suna cikin ƙasa kuma babu dare, don haka babban yanayin yayin zaɓin wurin zama shi ne kasancewar ƙasa mai bushewa idan babu cikakkun duwatsu, ruwan karkashin kasa da kuma tushen bishiyoyi. Watan mata suna ciyar da wani muhimmin lokaci na yini a cikin burrow. Ana hutawa da bacci ne da rana, kuma a farkon duhu, mai shayarwa yakan hau bene, ya dumama ko ya karfafa kansa.
Duk wakilan mahaifa sun fi son zama a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi, saboda haka yankin rayuwarsu yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Iyakokin yankinta, wanda zai iya zama gomman hekta da yawa, an yi masa alama da nau'in najasar ta murabba'i mai ta murabba'i. A dabi'arsu, mahaifa abokai ne kuma sam basa jin tsoron mutane, shi ya sa ake sanya su a matsayin na gargajiya.
Tsawon rayuwa
Kamar yadda shekaru masu yawa na binciken kimiyya da lura da dabi'a suka nuna, matsakaiciyar rayuwar mace ta mace a yanayin yanayi bai wuce shekaru goma sha biyar ba. A cikin fursuna, dabba mai shayarwa na iya rayuwa kusan kusan kwata na karni, amma lokacin ya dogara da yanayin tsarewa da halayen abincin.
Nau'o'in mahaifa
A halin yanzu, dangin sun hada da nau'ikan zamani guda uku, waɗanda aka haɗasu zuwa zuriya biyu:
- Jinsi Lаsiоrhinus. Dogon gashi, ko ulu mai laushi, ko mahaifa mai gashi (Lаsiоrhinus) dabbobi ne daga jinsin halittun dabbobi masu shayarwa. Babban dabba mai tsayi wanda tsawonsa yakai 77-100 cm, tsawon wutsiya 25-60 mm kuma nauyin 19-32 ne. Jawo mai taushi ne kuma dogo, mai launin ruwan kasa-kasa a bayanta, kuma fari ne a kirji da kunci. Kunnuwa masu ƙanana da almara ne;
- Jinsi Vombatus. Gajerun gashi, ko mara gashi, ko mahaifar Tasmanian (Vombatus ursinus) dabbobi ne da ke cikin jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wakilin zamani kawai na jinsin mahaifa tsirara.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Diprotodon na dangin dangi ne na wakilan mahaifa, amma wannan babban wakilin marsupials ya mutu kimanin shekaru dubu arba'in da suka gabata.
Daga yawan matan matan Queensland, a yau akwai sama da mutane ɗari waɗanda aka ajiye su a cikin wata ƙaramar ajiyar yanayi a cikin Queensland. Gaban goshin gaban-goshi daga jinsin Lаsiоrhinus yana da tsayin kusan mita, fata mai launin toka mai haske da kuma kunnuwa masu kaifi na asali.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Kakannin mahaifan mahaifan masu karamin girma ne, sun zauna akan bishiyoyi, kuma sun koma daga wannan reshe zuwa wancan ta amfani da doguwar wutsiyoyi, kamar kowane birai, ko kuma an kama su a jikin tsire-tsire ta amfani da manyan yatsun hannu a kan ƙafafunsu. Wannan fasalin ya shafi kewayon da mazaunin mai shayarwa ta zamani.
Mafi ƙarancin nazarin mahaifar Australiya mai dogon gashi ko ulu mai laushi ana samun sa a kudu maso kudu ta Kudu Ostiraliya da yammacin Victoria, da kuma kudu maso yammacin New South Wales, a kudanci da tsakiyar Queensland. Akwai nau'ikan sanannun nau'ikan jinsin Vombatus ko mahaifa masu gajeren gashi: Vombatus ursinus hirsutus, mazaunan Ostiraliya, Vombatus ursinus tasmaniensis, a Tasmania, da Vombatus ursinus ursinus, wadanda ke zaune ne kawai a Tsibirin Flinders.
Abincin Wombat
Mata masu shaƙuwa suna cin yariyar ciyawar samari da yardar rai... Wani lokacin dabbobi masu shayarwa ma suna cin tushen shuka da mosses, albarkatun berry da namomin kaza. Godiya ga irin wannan yanayin na jikin mutum kamar rarrabe lebben sama, mahaifa suna da iko sosai kuma za su zaɓi abincin da za su ci wa kansu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Hakoran gaban dabba na iya kaiwa kai tsaye zuwa matakin ƙasa, wanda ya dace sosai don yankan ƙananan harbe-harbe. Ingantaccen yanayin jin kamshi shima yana taka muhimmiyar rawa yayin zabar abinci da daddare.
Ya kamata a lura cewa wakilan mahaifa suna da halin jinkiri, amma a lokaci guda yana da tasiri sosai kan hanyoyin rayuwa.... Dabba mai shayarwa yana buƙatar kimanin makonni biyu don narkar da duk abincin da aka ci. Bugu da kari, mahaifa ne wadanda suka fi amfani da ruwa mai amfani da dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa dake rayuwa a duniyar tamu (ba shakka, bayan rakumi). Dabba babba tana buƙatar kusan 20-22 ml na ruwa kowace rana don kowane kilogram na nauyin jiki. Koyaya, mahaifa suna da wahalar jurewa sanyi.
Makiya na halitta
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, irin wadannan wakilan umarni masu yanke-yanke kusan biyu ba su da abokan gaba, tunda tsananin fata na dabba mai shayarwa kusan ba zai yiwu ya yi rauni ko ciji ba. Daga cikin wasu abubuwan, a bayan mahaifa ana kiyaye su ta hanyar ɗamara mai ɗorewa mai ban mamaki, wanda ke tuna da makaman armadillo. Koyaya, idan mahaifa zasu kare yankinsu daga makiya, to yana iya zama mai saurin tashin hankali.
A alamun farko na hatsarin da ke gabatowa, dabbar ta dauki tsauraran matakai, ta fara lilo da babban kai da yin sautuka marasa dadi wadanda suke kama da muzurai. Irin wannan bayyanar marainiyar mara tsoro da firgita mutane yakan haifar da tsoro ga maharan da sauri. In ba haka ba, hare-haren mata, wanda ke faɗa da kyau tare da taimakon kai.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Haihuwar sa ofan kowace irin nau'ikan mata masu zaman kansu sam ba su da dogaro da halaye na yanayi ko yanayin yanayi, saboda haka, tsarin haifuwa da irin wannan nau'in dabba mai saurin faruwa na iya faruwa a cikin shekara. Koyaya, a cikin yankuna masu bushewa, bisa ga lura da masana kimiyya, za'a iya samun bambancin yanayi na kiwo. Dabbobin mata na cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu cin ruwa, amma jakunkunan mata an tsara su ta hanya ta musamman kuma sun koma baya, wanda ke ba da sauƙi a tona ƙasa don ramuka da kuma hana datti zuwa wurin jaririn.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ciki a cikin mace na mace na ɗaukar makonni uku, bayan haka ana haihuwar ɗa ɗaya. Duk da kasancewar nonuwan a cikin kowace mace, irin wannan mai shayarwar ba zai iya jurewa da ciyar da jarirai biyu ba.
Tsawon watanni takwas bayan haihuwa, jaririn da aka haifa zai kasance tare da mahaifiyarsa a cikin jaka, inda aka zagaye shi da kulawar dare da rana. Babbar mace ta bar aljihun mahaifiyarsa, amma kimanin shekara guda, har ya balaga, yana zaune kusa da mahaifansa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Cikin mahaifa masu dogon gashi yanzu suna fuskantar barazanar bacewa gaba daya... Bayan da Turawa suka zaunar da kasar Ostiraliya, yawan mahaifa ya ragu sosai, saboda lalata muhallinsu, gasa da wasu jinsunan da aka shigo dasu da kuma farautar mahaifa. Don adana ko da numberan kaɗan na wannan dabba da ke cikin haɗari, yanzu kwararru sun tsara matsakaitan matsakaita matsakaita.
