Murasheed - rubutun Rashanci na sunan mahariyar anteater (ko nambat) daidai yake nuna asalin wannan ƙaramar dabbar Ostiraliya, mai cin tururuwa da lamuran dubbai.
Bayanin nambat
Rubutun farko na tsohuwar dabbar dabbar (1836) na mallakar masanin ilmin dabbobi na Ingila George Robert Waterhouse ne. Mai farautar yana cikin jinsi da dangi iri ɗaya Myrmecobiidae kuma, tare da asalin launinsa na asali, ana ɗaukarsa shine mafi kyawun marsupial a Ostiraliya.
Koda babban nambat yana da nauyin sama da rabin kilogram tare da tsayin jiki na 20-30 cm (wutsiya daidai take da 2/3 na tsayin jiki). Maza sun fi matan girma bisa al’ada.
Bayyanar
Babban sanannen nambata shine sirara mai tsayi kuma doguwa 10 cm mai kama da tsutsa... Yana da sifa mai lankwasa da lankwasawa (yayin farauta) a kusurwoyi mabambanta kuma a kowane fanni.
Mai farautar yana da madaidaiciyar kai tare da kunnun zagaye suna manne sama da daskararren danshi, manyan idanu zagaye da karamin baki. Nambat din yana da raunin hamsin, karami da hakoran asymmetrical (bai fi 52 ba): damun hagu da dama suna da bambanci da nisa / tsawon.
Wani karin haske na jikin mutum wanda ya sanya dabba ta zama kamar duk mai dogon harshe (armadillos da pangolins) magana ce mai tsayi. Mata suna da nono 4, amma ba 'yar aljihu ba, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da filin madara mai kaifi da gashin gashi. Limafaffun goshin sun tsaya akan ƙafafu masu yatsu biyar masu yatsa tare da kaifi masu kaifi, ƙafafun kafa baya kan kafafu huɗu.
Wutsiyar doguwa ce, amma ba ta marmari kamar ta masu kurege ba: galibi ana karkata ta zuwa sama ne, kuma tip ɗin yana ɗan lankwasawa zuwa baya. Gashi mai kauri ne kuma mara nauyi, tare da ratsi 6-12 fari / kirim a bayan cinya ta sama da ta sama. An zana ciki da wata gabar jiki a cikin ocher ko sautunan fari-mai rawaya, an rufe bakin bakin daga gefe ta wani layin baƙin baki mai kauri daga hancinsa zuwa kunne (ta cikin ido).
Salon rayuwa
Anteater marsupial mutum ne mai yanki mai ciyarwa wanda ya kai kadada 150. Dabbar tana son dumi da annashuwa, saboda haka yana cika rami / rami tare da ganye, haushi mai laushi da busasshiyar ciyawa domin yin bacci da daddare.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Barcin Nambat yana da alaƙa da rayarwar da aka dakatar - ya faɗo cikin nutsuwa sosai da sosai, wanda ya sa ya zama sauƙin ganima ga masu farauta. An ce mutane galibi suna ƙona nambat waɗanda suka yi barci a cikin itacen da ya mutu, ba tare da sanin kasancewar su ba.
A lokacin hunturu, neman abinci yakan dauki kimanin awanni 4, daga safe zuwa tsakar rana, kuma a lokacin rani, nambat suna da aikin magariba, wanda ya haifar da ɗumama ƙasa mai ƙarfi da tashiwar kwari zuwa nesa.
Hakanan awannin lokacin hunturu suma saboda raunin farcen nambat ne, wanda bai san yadda ake budewa ba (sabanin echidna, sauran anteaters da aardvark) tsaunuka masu tsayi. Amma da zaran tururuwa sun bar gidajensu, suna tsintar kansu a ƙarƙashin haushi ko a cikin tashoshi masu ɓoyewa, mai cinye kuzari a sauƙaƙe ya isa gare su da harshensa mai ban tsoro.
Lokacin da nambat din ya kasance a farke, yana cikin nutsuwa da saurin aiki, yakan hau bishiyoyi da kyau, amma idan akwai hatsari sai ya ja da baya ya rufe... Lokacin da aka kama shi, baya cizawa ko yawo, yana nuna rashin gamsuwa da gurnani ko busawa. A cikin bauta, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 6, a cikin daji, mai yiwuwa, yana rayuwa ko da ƙasa.
Ambananan ragin Nambat
A halin yanzu, nau'ikan raƙuman 2 na maɓallin antar ɗin an rarraba su:
- yammacin nambat - Myrmecobius fasciatus fasciatus;
- ja (gabas) nambat - Myrmecobius fasciatus rufus.
Bambance-bambancen sun banbanta sosai a wurin zama kamar launi na gashi: nambats na gabas sun fi launuka daya tilo fiye da dangin su na yamma.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka, anteater marsupial ta zauna a Kudu da Yammacin Australia, a cikin ƙasashe tsakanin New South Wales / Victoria da Tekun Indiya. A arewa, zangon ya fadada zuwa yankunan kudu maso yamma na yankin Arewa. Mazaunan da suka shigo da karnuka, kuliyoyi da dawakai sun rinjayi rage adadin marsupials da yawan su.
A yau nambat ya kasance a kudu maso yammacin Yammacin Ostiraliya (mutane biyu a Perup da Dryandra) kuma a cikin 6 da aka sake gabatar da su, hudu daga cikinsu suna Yammacin Ostiraliya kuma ɗayansu a New South Wales da Kudancin Ostiraliya. Gandun daji na marsupial galibinsu suna zaune ne a busassun dazuzzuka, da kuma bishiyun acacia da eucalyptus.
Abinci na anteater marsupial
Nambata ana kiransa kawai marsupial wanda ya fi son kwari na zamantakewar kawai (ƙwararru da, zuwa ƙananan ƙarancin, tururuwa). Sauran invertebrates sun ƙare kan teburinsa kwatsam. An kiyasta cewa mai cin zafin yana cin har sau dubu 20 a kowace rana, wanda yake kusan 10% na nasa nauyin.
Yana neman kwari da taimakon ƙwarin gwiwa, yayyage ƙasa sama da mashigansu ko yayyaga haushi. Ramin da aka samu ya isa sosai ga mai kaifi da harshe mai kama da tsutsa wanda ya ratsa mafi ƙarancin mawuyacin maze. Nambat tana haɗiye waɗanda aka cutar da su gaba ɗaya, wani lokaci yana damuwa don tauna membobin membobin.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yayin cin abinci, anteater marsupial ta manta da komai na duniya. Shaidun gani da ido suna da'awar cewa dabbar, wacce abincin ya tafi da ita, ana iya shafawa har ma a dauke shi a hannayensa - kawai ba zai lura da wadannan magudi ba.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Rut a cikin masu cin zafin ya fara a watan Janairu, amma tuni a watan Satumba an fara ɓullo da sirrin ruwan kasa a cikin maza, wanda ke taimakawa wajen shirya taro da mace. Fuskokin mata gajere ne kuma suna ɗaukar takesan kwanaki kawai, don haka ya kamata su san cewa akwai abokin tarayya a kusa, a shirye don saduwa. Don wannan kawai, ana buƙatar sirrin namiji mai wari, wanda ya bar namiji a kowane wuri mai kyau, gami da ƙasa.
Idan kwanan wata ya faru kuma ya ƙare da hadi, bayan makonni biyu abokin tarayya zai haifa 2-4 tsirara, "tsutsotsi" masu launin ruwan hoda mai haske tsawon cm 1. Waɗannan tsirara dole ne suyi tunani da sauri kuma da kansu su nemo kan nonon uwa. Wajibi ne a rike kan nono da ulu sosai, tunda nambats, muna tuna, ba su da jakunkunan fata.
Kuruzzuka suna zaune a cikin madarar mama na kusan watanni shida, bayan haka kuma suna fara mallakar sararin da ke kewaye da shi, musamman, rami ko rami. Mace tana ciyar da yaran da daddare, kuma tuni a watan Satumba suke ƙoƙarin barin gidan daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.
A watan Oktoba, ana saka kwatankwacin madarar uwa, kuma a watan Disamba, dabbar, wacce ta cika watanni 9 da haihuwa, a ƙarshe ta bar uwa da burrow.... Haihuwa a cikin maɓuɓɓar kankara na yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin shekara ta 2 ta rayuwa.
Makiya na halitta
Juyin Halitta ya tabbatar da cewa dabbobin da aka haifa sun fi dacewa da rayuwa fiye da na marsupials kuma koyaushe zasu kori na biyun daga yankunan da aka ci da yaƙi. Kyakkyawan kwatancen rubutun shine labarin tsohuwar dabbar, wanda har zuwa karni na 19 bai san wata gasa a cikin asalin Australiya ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Bakin haure daga Turai sun zo da kuliyoyi da karnuka (wasu daga cikinsu sun tafi daji), da kuma jan fox. Waɗannan dabbobin da aka shigo da su, tare da tsuntsayen ƙasar na farauta da karnukan dingo na daji, sun ba da gudummawa sosai wajen ƙarewar nambat.
Masana ilimin halitta sun ambaci wasu dalilai da dama wadanda suka raunana matsayin jinsin, suka bar shi da karamar damar rayuwa:
- iyakantaccen abinci;
- dogon lokacin haihuwar zuriya;
- dogon girma na matasa;
- mai zurfi, kwatankwacin dakatarwar tashin hankali, barci;
- aiki yayin rana;
- cire haɗin ilham na kiyayewa yayin ciyarwa.
Hare-haren da ake shigowa da su daga mahaifa sun kasance da sauri kuma na duniya wanda ya sa masu cin zakin suka fara ɓacewa a cikin nahiyar.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Masu gabatarwar da aka gabatar sune aka yarda da cewa shine babban dalilin da ya jawo raguwar yawan mutanen nambat.... Red fox sun shafe yawan mutanen da ke cikin dabbobin daji a Kudu Ostiraliya, Victoria da Arewacin Yankin, suna rayar da mutane biyu masu karamin karfi kusa da Perth.
Dalili na biyu na faduwar shine cigaban tattalin arzikin kasa, inda Nambats suke rayuwa koyaushe. A ƙarshen shekarun 70 na karnin da ya gabata, an kiyasta adadin maɓuɓɓugan da ba su kai kawuna 1,000 ba.
Mahimmanci! Dole ne hukumomin Australiya su shawo kan matsalar farfadowar jama'a. An kirkiro matakan kariya masu inganci, anyi shawarar kawar da karnukan, kuma an fara aiki kan sake dawo da anteater marsupial.
Yanzu ma'aikatan Sterling Range, wurin shakatawa na kiyaye yanayi a Ostiraliya ke aiwatar da sake nambats. Koyaya, har yanzu ana lissafin nambat a shafukan Littafin Bayanai na Red Red na Duniya azaman nau'in haɗari.
