Eider gama gari (Somateria mollissima) babban tsuntsu ne na dangin agwagwa. Wannan jinsin daga umarnin Anseriformes, wanda aka rarraba a gefen arewacin Turai, da Gabashin Siberia da arewacin Amurka, ana kuma san shi da agwagwa ta arewa ko arctic.
Bayanin mai ido
Kyakkyawan babban, nau'ikan agwagwa, yana da gajartaccen wuyansa, kazalika da babban kai da sifa, mai kama da kumburi. Matsakaicin tsayin jiki shine 50-71 cm tare da fikafikan 80-108 cm... Nauyin jikin babban tsuntsu zai iya bambanta tsakanin kilogram 1.8-2.9.
Bayyanar
Launi yana da alhakin furtawa, sanannen yanayin jima'i wanda yake halayyar agwagwa mai nutsar da ruwa:
- ɓangaren sama na jikin namiji yawanci farare ne, in ban da hular baƙar fata mai ɗaci, wacce take a kan rawanin, da kuma yankin occipital mai launin kore da kuma babban launi na baƙar fata. Kasancewar akwai laushi mai laushi, mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda a bayyane a yankin kirji. Partananan ɓangaren da kuma gefen namiji suna baƙar fata, tare da bayyane da manyan ɗigon fari a ɓangarorin ɓangaren undertail. Launin bakin ya bambanta dangane da halaye na ƙananan ƙananan mutane, amma galibi ana samun mutane masu launin rawaya-orange ko launin toka-kore. Hakanan, fasalin abin kwaikwayon wanda yake kan baki yana da bambanci daban-daban.
- hawan gadon ruwan agwagwa na mace mai kwarjinin ruwa an wakilta ta hade da launin kasa-kasa-kasa tare da launuka masu launin baki masu yawa, wadanda suke saman jiki. Baƙi ƙirar ƙira musamman a bayyane. Bakin bakin yana da koren-zaitun ko zaitun-launin ruwan kasa, ya fi na maza duhu. Macen agwagwar mace ta arewa wani lokaci ana iya rikita ta da mace mai hade da kayan kwalliya (Somateria srestabilis), kuma babban banbancin shine mafi girman kai da kuma beak na baya.
Yaran yara na gaba ɗaya, gabaɗaya, suna da kamanceceniya sosai da matan wannan nau'in, kuma bambancin yana wakiltar duhu mai duhu, daddaɗaɗɗen duwatsu tare da madaidaiciyar tudu da gefen launin toka.
Salon rayuwa da hali
Duk da zama cikin mawuyacin yanayin canjin arewa, maguna suna barin wuraren narkon da kyar, kuma wurin hunturu ba lallai bane ya kasance keɓaɓɓe a cikin ƙasan kudu. A yankin Turai, yawancin jama'a sun saba da kyau kuma sun saba da salon rayuwa, amma yawancin tsuntsayen teku suna da saurin ƙaura.
Irin wannan babban wakilin gidan Duck galibi yana tashi sama ƙasa da saman ruwa, ko kuma yana iyo a hankali... Wani keɓaɓɓen fasalin mahimmin ido shine ikon nutsewa zuwa zurfin mita biyar ko fiye. A cewar masana kimiyya, mafi girman zurfin da wannan tsuntsu zai iya sauka zuwa shi ne mita ashirin. Maigida zai iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa na kimanin minti uku.
Mafi yawan tsuntsayen daga yankunan arewacin kasarmu, da kuma daga yankin Sweden, Finland da Norway, tare da mutanen gari, suna iya yin hunturu a yanayin yanayi na gabar yamma da yankin Murmansk, saboda rashin daskarewa da kuma kiyaye wadataccen abinci. Wasu garken dabbobin ruwa na arctic suna motsawa zuwa yamma da arewacin sassan Norway, da kuma zuwa Baltic da Teken Wadden.
Har yaushe mai ido yana rayuwa
Duk da cewa matsakaicin rayuwar daddare a yanayin yanayi na iya kaiwa goma sha biyar, kuma wani lokacin ma fiye da shekaru, adadi mai yawa na wannan tsuntsayen da ba su cika rayuwa ba har zuwa shekaru goma.
Wurin zama da mazauni
Wurin zama na yau da kullun don agwagwar ruwa ta ruwa ita ce gabar teku. Babban daddawa yana ba da fifiko ga ƙananan tsibirai masu duwatsu, inda mafi maƙarƙancin ƙasar masu farautar wannan nau'in ba su nan.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Babban wuraren da yawan agwagwan arewa ke zaune sune ɓangarorin arctic da subarctic, da kuma gabar arewa kusa da Kanada, Turai da Gabashin Siberia.
A gabashin Arewacin Amurka, tsuntsayen teku na iya yin gida gida a kudu har zuwa Nova Scotia, kuma a yammacin wannan nahiya, yankin nest din ya takaita ne ga Alaska, Dease Strait da Melville Peninsula, Victoria da Banks Islands, St. Matthew da St. Lawrence. A cikin ɓangaren Turai, ƙananan takaddun mollissima ya bazu musamman.
Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana samun babban agwagin arewa kusa da yankunan tekun na teku tare da adadi mai yawa na mollusks da yawancin rayuwar ruwan teku masu ruwa. Tsuntsu ba ya tashi zuwa cikin cikin babban yankin ko sashin da ba a san shi ba, kuma ana shirya gidajan kusa da ruwa, a nisan tazarar rabin kilomita. Ba a samo mahimmin ido ba a bakin rairayin bakin teku masu yashi.
Cutar Eider da kamawa
Babban abincin da ake amfani da shi a yau shine mollusks, gami da mussels da litorin, waɗanda aka samo daga cikin tekun. Duck na arewa na iya amfani da shi don dalilai na abinci kowane nau'in ɓawon burodi, wanda amphipods, balanus da isopods suka wakilta, sannan kuma yana ciyarwa akan echinoderms da sauran ƙwayoyin ruwa. Lokaci-lokaci, agwagwar ruwan Arctic tana cin kifi, kuma a matakin samarda aiki, macen mata suna ciyar da abincin shuke-shuke, gami da algae, berries, tsaba da ganyen kowane irin ciyawar bakin teku.
Babban hanyar samun abinci shine ruwa. Ana haɗiye abinci gaba ɗaya sannan kuma narkewa a cikin gizzard. Eiders na yau da kullun suna ciyarwa da rana, suna taro cikin ƙungiyoyi na lambobi daban-daban. Shugabannin sun fara nutsewa ne, bayan haka sauran garken tsuntsayen sukan nitse zuwa kasan don neman abinci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin wani lokaci mai tsananin tsananin hunturu, mahimmin ido yana kokarin kiyaye makamashi ta hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa, don haka tsuntsayen teku na kokarin kamo manyan ganima kawai, ko kuma suka ki abinci gaba daya a lokacin sanyi.
Hutun hutu wajibi ne, matsakaita lokacin shine rabin sa'a... Tsakanin nutsewa, tsuntsayen teku suna hutawa a bakin gabar teku, wanda ke inganta narkewar abinci mai narkewa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Eider gama gari dabba ne da ke auren mace daya wanda ke yin gida sau da yawa a cikin yankuna, amma wani lokacin a cikin guda biyu. Adadin ma'aurata da yawa an kirkiresu koda a lokacin hunturu, kuma a lokacin bazara, mazan suna matukar farin ciki kuma suna tafiya tare da matan. Gida gida rami ne kusan kwata na mita a faɗi da zurfin 10-12, wanda ya ɓarke a cikin ƙasa, an shimfida shi da ciyawa da kuma tarin fulawa da aka ciro daga ƙananan yankin yankin kirji da ciki. Kamawa ya ƙunshi, a matsayin mai mulkin, manyan ƙwai biyar manya na zaitaccen zaituni ko koren launin toka-kore.
Tsarin ƙyanƙyashewa yana farawa ne daga lokacin da aka sa ƙwai na ƙarshe... Mace ce kawai ke shiga cikin shiryawa, kuma bayyanar kajin yakan faru ne bayan kimanin makonni huɗu. A 'yan kwanakin farko, namiji yana kusa da gida, amma bayan wani lokaci sai ya rasa cikakkiyar sha'awar sa ƙwai ya koma cikin ruwan teku, ba ya nuna damuwa ga zuriyarsa kwata-kwata. A ƙarshen shiryawa, saukarwar mata ya zama mai matukar wahala kuma kusan ba ya motsi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin raƙuman ruwan teku daga mata daban-daban galibi galibi suna haɗuwa ba kawai tare da juna ba, har ma tare da tsuntsayen da ba su da aure, sakamakon haka ne ake kafa manyan garken tumaki na shekaru daban-daban.
A wannan lokacin, maƙerin ido ya ƙi cin abinci. Fitowar kajin, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, lokaci ɗaya ne, baya ɗaukar sama da awanni shida. A kwana biyun farko, jariran da aka haifa suna ƙoƙari su zauna kusa da gida, inda suke ƙoƙarin kama sauro da wasu, ba manyan kwari ba. Thea chickan da suka girma matan suna ɗaukar su kusa da teku, inda yara ke ciyarwa kusa da duwatsun bakin teku.
Makiya na halitta
Dawowar Arctic da mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara suna daga cikin mahimman maƙiyan halitta na ɗabi'ar Arctic ta Arctic, yayin da ainihin barazanar da ke tattare da agwagwa ke tattare da kwarzana da baƙin hankaka. Gabaɗaya, irin wannan babban tsuntsayen tsuntsayen suna fama da mafi yawa daga ɗakunan endoparasites, waɗanda suke da ikon saurin lalata jikin babban duwawun daga ciki.
Darajar kasuwanci
Ga mutane, babban daddare ko agwagin arewa yana da sha'awa musamman, wanda ya haifar da yanayi na musamman kuma mai tsada. Dangane da halayenta na ɗumi-ɗumi, irin wannan kayan sun fi fifiko ga kowane nau'in tsuntsaye.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abu na musamman a cikin kayan aikin sa ta hanyar ƙasa ana iya tattara shi kai tsaye a cikin nests, wanda ke ba da damar cutar da tsuntsu mai rai.
Eiderdown yana da matukar ban sha'awa ga masunta, kuma yana cikin yankin kirji na babban tsuntsayen teku. Wani duck ne mai nutsar da Arctic ya kwashe ƙwanƙasa don rufin kwano mai tasiri sosai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Kamar yadda kididdiga ta nuna, yawan kwarin da aka samu a yankin arewacin Turai ya kai kusan miliyan daya. Game da nau'i-nau'i dubu biyu suna zaune a kan yankin Bahar Black Biosphere Reserve.
A wasu yankuna da yankuna, yawan irin waɗannan manyan tsuntsayen teku kamar su agwagwar ruwan Arctic a halin yanzu ba su yi yawa ba.... A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan mutanen agwagwar arewa ya ragu sosai, wanda ya faru ne sanadiyyar lalacewar muhallin tekuna da farauta.
