Gorilla dabba ce ta jinsin birai, wanda ya haɗa da mafi girma kuma mafi yawan wakilan zamani na tsarin birrai. Bayanin farko na wannan jinsin wani mishan ne daga Amurka ya bayar - Thomas Savage.
Bayanin halittu da halaye
Maza manya manyan dabbobi ne, kuma haɓakar su a mazaunin su, a ƙa'ida, yakai 170-175 cm, amma wani lokacin kuma akan sami mutane masu tsayi da girman mita biyu ko sama da haka. Faɗin kafadar babban dabba ya bambanta a cikin mita. Matsakaicin nauyin jikin maza yana tsakanin kilogram ɗari uku, kuma nauyin mace ya ragu sosai kuma da wuya ya wuce kilogiram 150.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Don samun isasshen abinci ga kansu, gorillas suna amfani da gabobin jiki masu ƙarfi sosai, tsokoki waɗanda sun ninka ƙarfi sau shida fiye da ƙarfin tsoka na kowane mutum mai matsakaici.
Fadar shugaban kasa tana da kundin tsarin mulki mai yawa, sannan kuma tana da ƙarfi da ingantaccen musculature.... An rufe jikin da duhu kuma gashi mai kauri. Ana rarrabe mazan manya ta hanyar bayyanar lalataccen launin azurfa a bayanta. Don nau'ikan halittar wannan jinsin, bayyanannen goshin halayyar mutum ne. Kan yana da girma babba kuma yana da ƙananan goshi. Wani fasali shine babban muƙamuƙin da ke gaba, da kuma haɗuwa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. A saman ɓangaren kai akwai wani matashin kai, wanda aka samar da shi ta hanyar fata daddare da kayan haɗi.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Jikin gorilla yana da sifa ta sifa: faɗin ciki ya zarce faɗin kirji, wanda ya faru ne saboda babban tsarin narkewar abinci, wanda ya zama dole don narkar da abinci mai yawan abinci mai yawan fiber na asalin tsirrai.
Rabon matsakaicin tsawon gaban goshin kafa zuwa na baya shine 6: 5. Kari akan haka, dabbar daji tana da hannaye masu karfi da kuma kafafu masu karfi, wanda hakan ke baiwa gorilla damar tsayawa lokaci-lokaci tare da yin tafiya a kan duwawunta, amma motsi akan dukkan hudu na halitta ne. A yayin tafiya, gorilla ba ta sanya goshinsa a kan yatsun yatsu. Bangaren waje na yatsun da aka lankwasa ya zama tallafi, wanda ke taimakawa kiyaye siririn fata mai taushi a gefen hannun.
Gorilla
Yawancin binciken da aka gudanar sun ba da damar tantancewa cewa wasu nau'ikan jinsuna da rabe-raben guda huɗu ana iya danganta su ga jinsunan gorillas, wasu daga cikinsu ana sanya su a matsayin ƙanana kuma an haɗa su a cikin Littafin Ja.
Western gorilla
Wannan nau'ikan ya hada da kananan hukumomi guda biyu, gorilla mai filako da gorilla, wadanda galibi suke cikin yankuna masu gandun daji masu zafi, inda ciyayi da ciyayi suke da yawa.
A jiki, ban da kai da gabobin jiki, akwai gashin gashi masu duhu. Bangaren gaba yana da launin ruwan kasa-rawaya ko launin toka-mai-rawaya... Hancin da yake da manyan hancin hancin yana da wata alama mai saurin canzawa. Idanu da kunnuwa kanana ne. A hannayen akwai manyan kusoshi da manyan yatsu.
Gorilla ta Yamma suna haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi, abin da ke tattare da su na iya bambanta daga mutane biyu zuwa mutane dozin biyu, wanda aƙalla ɗayan ɗa namiji ne, haka kuma mata da ƙuruciya da aka ƙyanƙyashe. Mutanen da suka balaga da jima'i, a ƙa'ida, sun bar ƙungiyar, kuma barin iyayensu na ɗan lokaci suna kaɗaice. Siffar sifa ita ce sauyawar mata a matakin kiwo daga rukuni zuwa rukuni. Lokacin haihuwar yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 260, sakamakon haka aka haifi ɗa ɗaya, kulawar iyaye har zuwa kimanin shekaru uku zuwa hudu.
Gabon gorilla
Yaɗu a cikin yankunan tsaunuka masu ƙanƙan da tsaunuka na wurare masu zafi, nau'ikan suna wakiltar gorilla na dutsen da gorilla na ƙasa. Waɗannan raƙuman rabe-raben suna halaye ne da kasancewar babban kai, kirji mai faɗi da ƙananan gaɓoɓin kafa. Hancin yana kwance kuma yana da manyan hancin hancinsa.
Murfin gashi yawanci baki ne a launi, tare da shuɗi mai haske... Manya maza suna da raunin azurfa a bayyane. Kusan dukkan jiki yana rufe da fur, sannan banda shine fuska, kirji, dabino da ƙafa. A cikin manya, sananne mai kyau, launin shuɗi mai launin toka ya bayyana tare da shekaru.
Kungiyoyin dangi sun kunshi kimanin mutane talatin zuwa arba'in, kuma manyan maza, mata da 'ya' yan maza ke wakiltar su. Kafin lokacin kiwo, mata na iya motsawa daga wannan rukuni zuwa wata ko shiga cikin maza marasa aure, a sakamakon haka ne aka ƙirƙiri sabon rukuni na iyali. Mazajen da suka balaga sun bar ƙungiyar kuma bayan kimanin shekaru biyar da kansu sun ƙirƙiri sabon iyali.
Wurin zama
Dukkanin gorilla na gabas ana rarraba su ne a yankuna na gandun daji masu rauni a cikin yankuna marasa kankara da tsaunuka a gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo, da kuma kudu maso yammacin Uganda da Rwanda. Ana samun manyan rukunan birai na wannan nau'in a yankunan tsakanin Kogin Lualaba, Lake Eduard da tanganyika mai zurfin ruwa mai zurfin gaske. Dabbar ta fi son gandun daji wanda a ciki akwai shimfidar ciyawar karkashin kasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An tsara ranar Gorilla a zahiri cikin minti kuma farawa tare da ɗan gajeren tafiya a kusa da gida, cin ganye ko ciyawa. A lokacin cin abincin rana, dabbobin suna hutawa ko barci. Kuma rabin rabin yini gaba daya an sadaukar dashi ne don gina gida ko tsari.
Iyalai na kogin yamma da gorilla masu filayen sauka a cikin filayen, dazuzzuka da filayen Kamaru, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. Hakanan, adadi mai yawa na wannan nau'in yana zaune a cikin yankin na Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Najeriya, Jamhuriyar Congo da Angola.
Gina jiki a cikin vivo
Gorilla tana ciyar da wani ɓangare na lokaci don neman abinci. Don neman abinci da kanta, dabbar tana iya yin tafiya cikin tsari ta hanyar yankuna tare da sanannun hanyoyin. Primates suna tafiya akan gabobi hudu. Gorilla na kowane nau'in na masu cin ganyayyaki ne kawai, don haka ciyayi kawai ake amfani dashi don abinci. An ba da fifiko ga ganye da kuma tushe na shuke-shuke daban-daban.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Abincin da gorillas ke cinyewa yana da ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki, don haka babban firam yana buƙatar cin kusan kilo goma sha takwas zuwa ashirin na irin wannan abincin a kullum.
Sabanin dadewa, sanannen imani, kawai wani ɓangare mara mahimmanci na abincin gorilla na gabas shine 'ya'yan itatuwa ke wakilta. Western gorilla, a gefe guda, ya fi son 'ya'yan itace, sabili da haka, a cikin neman bishiyoyi masu 'ya'yan itace masu dacewa, babban dabba yana iya yin doguwar isa. Contentarancin kalori wanda yake cikin abinci yana tilastawa dabbobi su ɗauki lokaci mai yawa suna neman abinci da kuma ciyar da su kai tsaye. Saboda yawan ruwa daga abincin tsirrai, gorilla ba sa sha.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Gorilla mata na shiga cikin balaga tun suna shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyu.... Maza sun manyanta a cikin shekaru bayan shekaru. Haihuwar gorilla shekara-shekara ce, amma mata suna yin aure ne kawai tare da shugaban gidan. Don haka, don haifuwa, namiji da ya balaga dole ne ya ci shugabanci ko ƙirƙirar iyalinsa.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Duk da cewa babu wani harshe "biri" bayyananne, gorillas suna sadarwa da juna, suna yin sautuka mabanbanta ashirin da biyu.
Ana haihuwar kusurwa kusan sau ɗaya a kowace shekara huɗu. Lokacin haihuwa shine matsakaita na watanni 8.5. Kowace mace tana haihuwar ɗiya ɗaya, kuma mahaifiya ce take renonta har zuwa shekara uku. Matsakaicin nauyin haihuwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce kamar kilo biyu ba. Da farko, ana riƙe ɗiyan a bayan mace, yana manne da gashinta. Cuban da ya girma yana motsawa da kansa. Koyaya, ƙaramin gorilla zai raka mahaifiyarsa na dogon lokaci, na shekaru huɗu zuwa biyar.
Halittan makiya na gorilla
A cikin mazauninsu, manyan birai ba su da abokan gaba. Girman girma, gami da goyon baya mai karfi, yasa gorilla ta zama mara cutuwa ga sauran dabbobi. Ya kamata kuma a sani cewa gorillas da kansu ba sa nuna zalunci ga dabbobin da ke makwabtaka da su, saboda haka galibi suna zaune kusa da jinsunan kofato da ƙananan dabbobi.
Ta wannan hanyar, makiyin gorilla shi ne mutum, ko kuma mafarautan gidada ke lalata abubuwan birrai domin samun kyawawan abubuwan baje koli ga masu tarawa a fagen ilimin dabbobi. Gorillas, da rashin alheri, nau'in haɗari ne. Kashe su ya yadu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma ana aiwatar da shi ne don samun wadataccen fur da kokon kai. An kama gorillas na yara da yawa sannan kuma an siyar da su ga hannayensu na sirri ko gidajen dabbobi da yawa.
Cututtukan mutane, wanda gorilla ba su da kariya, suma matsala ce daban. Irin waɗannan cututtukan suna da haɗari sosai ga kowane nau'in gorilla, kuma galibi suna haifar da raguwar yawan magidanta a mazauninsu.
Yiwuwar abun cikin gida
Gorilla na daga cikin nau'in dabbobin zamantakewar rayuwa wanda abu ne wanda ya dace a zauna cikin kungiyoyi. Wannan mafi girman biri ba a cika kiyaye shi a gida ba, wanda saboda girman ban sha'awa da sifofin asalin wurare masu zafi. Dabbar tana yawanci a cikin gidan zoo, amma a cikin bauta, gorilla tana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru hamsin a mafi kyau.
