Otchis mai kunnuwan kunne (Myotis blythi) na dangin santsin hanci ne, jemagu suna odar.
Alamomin waje na Myotis mai kunne
Otis mai kunnuwa yana ɗayan manyan kwari. Girman jiki 5.4-8.3 cm. Tsawon wutsiya - 4.5-6.9 cm, tsayin kunne 1.9-2.7 cm. Gaban hannu yana da tsayi 5.0-6.6 cm. Weight ya kai gram 15-36. Kunnen yana nuna, tsawaita, taƙaitacce ta ƙwanƙolinsa. Ya kai karshen hanci ko kuma ya yi gaba kadan. Akwai raƙuman da ke wucewa 5-6 tare da gefen gefen kunnen. Gefen ciki yana ɗan lankwasa baya. Faɗin tsakiyar kunne kusan 0. cm 9. Tragus ya daidaita taɓar zuwa ƙoli kuma ya kai tsakiyar tsayin kunne. Braunƙarin reshe yana haɗawa zuwa gaɓo a ƙasan yatsan waje.
Yatsun kafa suna da tsayi, ba tare da kwasfa ba. Layin gashi gajere ne; launinsa a saman ɓangaren jiki rawaya ne rawaya ko launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Cikin ciki fari ne. Matasa masu kunnen-kunne myotis an rufe su da ulu mai launin toka mai duhu. Akwai tabo mai haske a kan kai tsakanin kunnuwan.
Yada jemage
Mazaunin jemage mai kunnuwan kunne ya faro daga Arewacin Afirka da Kudancin Turai zuwa Altai, orananan, Yammaci da Tsakiyar Asiya. Wannan nau'in yana zaune a Falasdinu, Nepal, arewacin Jordan da wasu sassan China. An samo shi a cikin Bahar Rum, Portugal, Faransa, Spain, Italia. Kuma har ila yau a cikin Austria, Switzerland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Romania. Kiwo a Moldova, Ukraine, Balkan Peninsula, Iran da wani yanki na Turkiyya. A cikin Rasha, wannan nau'in jemagu yana zaune a arewa maso yamma na Altai, a cikin Crimea, a cikin Caucasus.
A gabar Bahar Maliya, ya sauka a cikin kogon dutse a kewayen Sochi.
Ya bazu ko'ina cikin Ciscaucasia daga yammacin ɓangaren Krasnodar Territory zuwa Dagestan.
Gidajen Myotis Masu Kunne-Kunne
Othaƙataccen kunnuwa waɗanda ke zaune a ciyawa, da yanayin halittu marasa ƙarancin bishiyoyi da shimfidar halittar ɗan adam, gami da filayen noma da lambuna. Lonungiyoyin Jemage galibi suna zaune ne a cikin mazaunan karkashin ƙasa: ma'adinai, kogwanni, ɗakunan gine-gine. A cikin Turkiya da Siriya, suna cikin tsofaffin gine-gine (gidaje, otal-otal).
A cikin Rasha, yana shimfidawa a yankuna masu tsaunuka tare da sassauƙa, inda aka sami mafaka na ƙasa na ƙasa, ya hau zuwa tsawan da bai fi 1700 m sama da matakin teku ba, amma, a lokacin sanyi ana lura da shi a tsawan da ya kai mita 2100. Sau da yawa yakan zauna a cikin bututun hayaki, ƙarƙashin mulkokin majami'u da sauran gine-gine.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen jemage mai kunnuwa
A lokacin bazara, intedwararren othaure yana haifar da mulkin mallaka, wanda ya ƙunshi mutane dubu da yawa. Yana yin ƙaura na lokaci-lokaci a cikin tazara mai nisa tsakanin kilomita 60 - 70, aƙalla 160. Don hunturu, jemagu suna zama a cikin kogwannin ƙasa, ginshiƙan ƙasa, suna tarawa a mafaka ɗaya da yawa. Jemage mai kunnuwa mai kunnuwan yana rayuwa cikin yanayi tsawon shekaru 13.
Hawan ciki yana faruwa a yanayin zafi mai ɗorewa - daga 6 zuwa 12 ° C. Farautattun jemage masu ban sha'awa a cikin yankuna masu buɗewa, suna kama kwari tsakanin makiyaya, kan hanyoyi da tabkuna.
Sake bugun jemage
Samun Sha'awa a cikin Pointed Myotis yana faruwa ne daga watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen hunturu. Calaya maraƙi ya ƙyanƙyashe a ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni. Mata na ciyar da zuriya da madara na kimanin kwanaki 50. A lokacin bazara, Nunin Myotis yana rayuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ko kuma shi kaɗai, yana ɓoye a cikin ɗakuna da ƙarƙashin gadoji da rana.
Wintering yana farawa a watan Oktoba kuma ya ƙare a watan Afrilu. A cikin kogwanni masu yawa da aditattun abubuwa, dabbobi suna rataye a rufin bangon da kurkukun.
Rage yawan jemage mai kunnen jemage
Raguwar yawan jemage ya kasance saboda rashin dacewar masaukin hunturu da na bazara. Broungiyoyin Brood suna buƙatar ɗumbin ɗumama, kogunan dumi, amma irin waɗannan tsarin halitta ba su da yawa. Sake ginin gadoji na hanya da ayyukan gyara suna lalata mafakar rani inda myotis ke ɓoye. Dangane da lura na dogon lokaci, wanda aka gudanar a yankuna da yawa, yawan mutanen da ke damuna ba sa haifar da wata damuwa ta musamman.
Matakan kariya na jemage mai kunnuwa
Don adana ƙwaro mai kaifi mai kaifi, dole ne a ba wa kogon Bolshaya Fanagoriskaya, Canyon, Neizma, Popov matsayin abubuwan tarihin halittun dabbobi. Ofauyukan myotis masu kaifi a cikin kogon Ambitsugova, Setenay, Arochnaya, Dedova Yama, Gun'kina-4, Besleneevskaya, Chernorechenskaya, kazalika a cikin ƙirar da aka yi watsi da ita kusa da ƙauyen Derbentskaya, suna buƙatar kariya. Wajibi ne a kare hanyoyin shiga wadannan dunge, don tsara kariyar su daga mamayar masu yawon bude ido. Don ƙirƙirar ajiyar wuri mai faɗi a waɗannan wurare, wanda ya haɗa da samfuran karst da yawa waɗanda ke kan tsaunin Bahar Maliya.
Manyan myotis a cikin Littafin Bayanai na Red bayanai na Tarayyar Rasha suna cikin rukunin "nau'in da ke raguwa a lambobi", adadin mutane yana raguwa a ƙarƙashin tasirin tasirin anthropogenic. A cikin Red List na IUCN, jemage mai kaifin baki yana cikin jerin jinsunan da ke barazanar hallaka ta yawan mutanen duniya.
Cin jemage
Othwoyun da aka ambata da kunnuwan suna da kwarjini sosai. A cikin abinci daya, jemage yana lalata kwaya 50-60 na cin abinci, wanda nauyinsa ya kai kashi 60% na nauyin jikinsa.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, myotis suna cin abinci kaɗan wanda dole ne a samu.
Yawanci suna farautar kwari, suna ciyar da Orthoptera da asu.
Adana jemage a cikin fursuna
An tsare kwariyoyi na Pointy Don jemagu su rayu, ya zama dole a kiyaye tsarin rashin kwanciyar hankali wanda zai kasance daga makonni 4 zuwa 8 a shekara. Bugu da kari, ana ba da shawarar yin tsananin bin tsarin abinci da kauce wa yawan cin abinci. Yanayin rayuwa kusa da na dabi'a yana sauƙaƙe haifuwar dabbobi a cikin bauta.
Barazana ga yawan Myotis mai kunnen Pointy
Nakkakkun kwari da ke nuna ba daidai ba game da bayyanar mutane a cikin kogo, jemagu masu firgita suna yawo a hankali kuma na dogon lokaci. Ana kama waɗannan dabbobin don yin shirye-shiryen rigar a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, kuma wani lokacin ana lalata su kawai ba tare da manufa ba. Yawan gidajen da myotis masu kunnuwa masu kunnu-sannu suke amfani da lokacin sanyi na raguwa a hankali, yayin da ake sake ginin da sake gina tsofaffin gine-ginen da suke zaune a ciki. Amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a harkar noma na haifar da raguwar yawan jemage mai kaifi.
Kariyar Myotis mai Kunnen-kunne
Myotis da aka nuna suna da kariya ta dokar ƙasa a yawancin wuraren zama. Ana amfani da matakan kariya da aka rubuta a Yarjejeniyar Bonn da Yarjejeniyar Berne ga wannan nau'in. An haɗa myotis a cikin Shafuka na II da na IV na Dokokin EU. Suna buƙatar matakan kiyayewa na musamman, gami da ƙirƙirar yankunan kiyayewa na musamman. A cikin Italiya, Spain, Fotigal, kogwanni, mashigar kogon da jemage mai kunnuwa mai kaifi ke rayuwa, an rufe shi da shinge domin masu yawon bude ido masu son sani ba su damun jemagu ba. Hakanan ya zama dole don kare manyan ɗimbin bat ɗin da aka nuna a lokacin hunturu da lokutan kiwo. Wajibi ne a yi wa jama'a aiki don rage damuwa da iyakance damar mutane zuwa mafaka. Myotis mai kunnuwa yana jure da kamewa da kyau, amma ba a lura da ingantaccen kiwo ba. Akwai raguwar adadin mutane daga jinsin a wasu bangarorin zangon. Saboda haka, wannan nau'in jemage yana buƙatar kariya, a ɓangaren kewayon inda yanayin yake mara kyau.
