Leiopelma hamiltoni na cikin rukunin amphibians.
Leiopelma Hamilton tana da kunkuntar yanki, wanda ya hada da tsibirin Stephens ne kawai, wanda ke Marlborough, kusa da gabar tsibirin kudu na New Zealand. Yankin tsibirin yana da kusan kilomita murabba'i daya, kuma wannan nau'in na amphibians yana rayuwa a wani yanki na murabba'in mita 600. m a ƙarshen kudu. Ragowar kwado Hamilton, wanda aka samo a Waitoma, Martinborough da Wyrarapa da ke arewacin tsibirin tsibirin New Zealand, na nuni da cewa jinsin ya taba fadada.
Wurin zama na gidan tarihin Hamilton.
Kwarjin Hamilton yana da tarihi a dazukan da ke bakin teku, amma yanzu an iyakance yankin da murabba'in mita 600 na filin duwatsu da aka fi sani da "bankin kwado" a tsibirin Stephens. Wannan yanki asalinsa ya kasance yana cike da ciyayi masu yawa, amma tare da fadada wuraren kiwo don dabbobin kiwo, yankin ya rasa wuraren dazuzzuka. An sake dawo da sassan wannan yanki kamar yadda suke a da bayan gina shinge don hana zirga-zirgar garken tumaki.
Yankin galibi an rufe shi da tsire-tsire masu ciyawa da ƙananan inabi. Yawancin raƙuman ruwa da yawa a cikin dutsen suna ba da wurin zama mai sanyi da danshi wanda ya dace da kwadi. Hamilton's Leiopelma yana rayuwa a yanayin zafi wanda ya fara daga 8 ° C a cikin hunturu zuwa 18 ° C a lokacin rani. Wannan nau'in amphibian an sameshi bai fi mita dari uku sama da matakin teku ba.
Alamomin waje na leopelma na Hamilton.
Hamilton's Leiopelma yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne. Brownaƙƙan launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙar fata yana gudana a cikin idanu tare da tsawon tsawon kai a kowane gefe. Ba kamar yawancin kwadi ba, waɗanda ke da tsattsauran ɗalibai, kwado na Hamilton yana da ɗalibai masu zagaye, baƙon abu ga 'yan amphibians. A bayanta, a gefuna da kuma gabobin hannu, ana iya ganin jerin gwano na kwayar halitta, wanda ke fitar da wani ruwa mai wari wanda ya zama dole don tsoratar da masu cin abincin. Mata yawanci sun fi maza girma, tare da tsayin jiki daga 42 zuwa 47 mm, yayin da maza ke da girma daga 37 zuwa 43 mm. Kamar sauran nau'o'in dangin Leiopelmatidae, suna da haƙarƙarin da ba ya haɗuwa da kashin baya. Froananan kwadi ƙananan kwafi ne na manya, amma suna da wutsiyoyi. Yayin ci gaba, waɗannan wutsiyoyi suna ɓacewa sannu a hankali, kuma kwado Hamilton ya fara kamannin matakin manya.
Kiwo kwado na Hamilton.
Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa ba, kwadin Hamilton ba sa jan hankalin aboki da amo da ƙarfi. Ba su da membranan magana har ma da igiyar murya, don haka ba su taɓa kwanciya ba. Koyaya, amphibians suna da damar fitar da sihiri da ƙira a lokacin kiwo.
Kamar yadda yake da yawancin kwadi, yayin saduwa, namiji Hamilton kwado yakan rufe mace daga baya tare da gabobinta.
Kwayoyin Hamilton sun yi kiwo sau ɗaya a shekara, tsakanin Oktoba zuwa Disamba. Ana ajiye ƙwai a wurare masu sanyi, masu ɗumi, galibi a ƙarƙashin duwatsu ko gungunan da ke cikin daji. An girke su a cikin tara da yawa, waɗanda ke daɗaɗawa wuri ɗaya. Yawan kwai jeri daga bakwai zuwa goma sha tara. Kowane kwai yana da gwaiduwa wanda kewaya da babban kwantena wanda ya kunshi yadudduka uku: membrane na cikin ciki, da matsakaiciyar gelatinous, da kuma layin waje na kariya.
Ci gaba yana ɗaukar daga makonni 7 zuwa 9 a gare su, na wasu makonni 11-13, canzawa zuwa babban kwadayi yana faruwa, yayin da wutsiyar ta shanye kuma gabobin suka ci gaba. Ci gaba yana tafiya kai tsaye, saboda tadpoles ba ya yin, ƙananan kwaɗi sune ƙananan kwafi na kwadi manya. Dukkanin canjin yana daukar lokaci daga shekaru 3 zuwa 4 kafin su kai ga balagar jima'i, a wannan lokacin samarin kwadi suna da tsayin jiki na 12-13 mm.
Namiji ya kasance a wurin da aka sa ƙwai, yana kare kama daga mako zuwa wata ɗaya. Bayan an kwantar da kwan, yana kare gida da kwai, yana kiyaye daidaitaccen yanayi don ci gaban zuriya. Irin wannan kulawa ga zuriyar yana kara damar rayuwa a cikin samarin kwadi ta hanyar rage farauta kuma, mai yuwuwa, ci gaban cututtukan fungal.
Kimanin rayuwar kwaɗin Hamilton yana da shekaru 23.
Fasali na halayyar kwado Hamilton.
Kwayoyin Hamilton na zaman kashe wando; duk mutane suna zaune kusa da juna a cikin wurin zama mai sauƙi kuma ba sa nuna halayyar jama'a.
Kwaɗin Hamilton ba dare ba. Sun bayyana da yamma kuma yawanci suna aiki a daren da ake ruwa sama mai zafi.
Kwayoyin Hamilton suna da idanun da suka dace sosai don fahimtar hotuna a cikin yanayin ƙananan haske, saboda kasancewar adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin rashi.
Launin fata misali ne na daidaitawa ga asalin yanayin. Kwaɗin Hamilton launuka ne masu launin ruwan kasa, wanda ke ba su damar yin kamun kafa tsakanin duwatsun da ke kewaye, rajistan ayyukan da ciyayi. Idan masu farauta suka bayyana, amphibians suna daskarewa a wurin, suna ƙoƙari su kasance ba a sani ba, kuma suna iya zama na dogon lokaci, suna cikin sanyi a wuri daya, har sai barazanar rayuwa ta wuce. Kwayoyin Hamilton suna tsoratar da masu cin nama tare da madaidaiciyar jiki tare da miƙe ƙafafu. Suna iya sakin abubuwa tare da wari mara daɗi daga gland na granular don kauce wa harin maharan.
Abinci na leopelma na Hamilton.
Hamilton's Leiopelmas sune amphibians masu kwari waɗanda ke ciyar da nau'ikan ɓoye, ciki har da ƙuda fruita fruitan itace, smallananan can kwari, ruwan bazara, da asu. Froananan kwadi ba su wuce 20 mm ba kuma ba su da hakora, don haka suna cin ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da murfin chitinous mai wuya ba, kamar su kaska da ƙuda fruita fruitan itace.
Halin ciyarwar kwadin Hamilton ya bambanta da sauran sauran kwadi. Yawancin kwadi suna kama ganima da harshe mai ɗanɗano, amma tunda harsunan kwaɗin Hamilton suna girma a cikin bakin, dole ne waɗannan ƙwayoyin amphibian su motsa gaba dayansu gaba don kama abin da za su kama.
Matsayin kiyayewa na leiopelma na Hamilton.
Leiopelma Hamilton wani nau'in haɗari ne, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja tare da rukunin ICUN. Kimanin kwanan nan sun nuna cewa akwai kwadi kusan 300 da suka rage a tsibirin Stephens. Barazana game da yawan 'yan amshi da ba kasafai suke zuwa ba daga masu farauta - tuatara da bera baki. Bugu da kari, akwai yiwuwar mutuwa idan aka kamuwa da wata cuta mai saurin hadari ta fungal wanda chytrid fungus ke haifarwa.
Ma’aikatar Kula da Muhalli ta New Zealand na lura da yawan mutane kuma tana aiwatar da wani shiri da nufin dawo da yawan kwarorin Hamilton kamar yadda suke a da. Matakan kariya daga jinsunan sun hada da gina shinge a kewayen wurin da aka kiyaye shi don hana masu farauta yaduwa, tare da sauya wasu kwadi zuwa wani tsibiri da ke kusa don ci gaba da kiwo.
