Kunkurun katako (Glyptemys insculpta) nasa ne na umarnin kunkuru, ajin masu rarrafe.
Rarraba kunkuru.
Kunkurun katako ya bazu a wani karamin yanki a gabashin Kanada da arewa maso gabashin Amurka, daga Nova Scotia da New Brunswick zuwa kudancin New England, Pennsylvania da New Jersey. Yana zaune ne a Arewacin Virginia, da kuma yammacin Quebec, a kudancin Ontario, a arewacin Michigan, a Arewa da Central Wisconsin, a gabashin Minnesota. Ana samun keɓaɓɓun jama'a a arewa maso gabashin Iowa.
Wurin zama na kunkurucin katako.
Kullin katako koyaushe ana samun shi a cikin wuraren zama tare da ruwa mai motsi tare da rafuka da rafuka, kodayake wasu mutane na iya yin ƙaura mai nisa daga ruwan, musamman a lokacin watanni masu ɗumi. Galibi ana bayyana kunkurucin itace azaman nau'in daji ne, amma a wasu wuraren yana rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka masu ambaliyar ruwa tare da filaye, dausayi da kuma ciyawar fili. Sun fi son yankuna da ciyayi marasa yawa, zai fi dacewa da danshi amma yashi mai yashi.
Alamomin waje na kunkurucin katako.
Kunkuruwar katako yana da bawo na tsawon 16 zuwa 25 cm Launin mahaɗin shine launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa. Yana da ƙananan keel na tsakiya, da zoben girma na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa waɗanda ke ba harsashi mummunan yanayi, "fasali". Caraungiyar carapace suna da raƙuman rawaya, suna miƙa har zuwa keel. Filayen rawaya an rarrabe shi da kasancewar tabo baƙi a cikin kusurwar ƙarshen kowane ƙwarin. Ana iya ganin ƙirar V-mai ƙira akan wutsiya. Ta "zoben girma" zai iya kimanta shekarun ƙaramar kunkuru, amma wannan hanyar ba ta dace da tantance shekarun tsoffin mutane ba. A cikin manyan kunkuru, samuwar zoben zobe ya tsaya, don haka kuna iya yin kuskure wajen tantance tsawon rayuwar mutum.
Shugaban kunkurucin katako baƙar fata ne, wani lokaci tare da tabo mai haske ko wasu alamomi. Babban ɓangaren ɓangarorin ya zama baƙar fata mai launin ruwan kasa. Fatar da ke kan makogwaro, ɓangaren ƙananan wuya da ƙananan saman ƙafafun launuka ne rawaya, lemu, lemu-ja, wani lokaci tare da duhu-duhu. Ana tantance launuka ta mazaunin kunkuru.
Tan kunkuru suna da kusan kusan karafa 2.8 zuwa 3.8 cm tsayi da jela mai kusan tsayi ɗaya. Launin launin ruwan kasa ne ko ruwan toka daidai, tare da launuka masu haske masu bayyana yayin shekarar farko ta girma. Namiji ya banbanta da mace a cikin kai mai faɗi, mai tsayi mai tsayi da maɗauri, da concave plastron concave a tsakiya da jela mai kauri da doguwa. Idan aka kwatanta da na miji, harsashin mace ya fi ƙasa da faɗi, ya fi ƙonawa da bawo; plastron din lebur ne ko dan kadan kadan, wutsiyar ta fi siriri kuma kadan takaice.
Sake haifuwa da kunkuru na katako.
Yin jima'i a cikin kunkuru na itace yakan fi faruwa a cikin bazara da faɗuwa. Maza a wannan lokacin suna afkawa wasu mazan har ma da mata cikin tashin hankali.
A lokacin kiwo, mata da miji suna nuna "rawa" a inda suke juyawa ga juna kuma suna kaɗa kawunansu gaba da baya.
Sannan namiji kawai ya kori mace kuma ya ciji gabobinta da ƙwarjinsa. Samun jima'i a cikin kunkuru na katako yawanci yana faruwa ne a cikin ruwa mara zurfi a bakin rafin da ke kan tudu, kodayake zawarci yana farawa ne daga ƙasa. A watan Mayu ko Yuni, macen za ta zaɓi wurin buɗewa, inda za a yi shimfidar rana, ta fi son bakin rairayi masu yashi kusa da ruwan motsi. Tana narkar da gida tare da gabobin bayanta, ta kirkiri fossa mai zurfin daga 5 zuwa 13 cm. Akwai ƙwai 3 zuwa 18 a cikin kama. Qwai an binne su a hankali, kuma mace tana yin ƙoƙari sosai don lalata duk alamun kama. Kunkuruwan itace suna kwan kwayayensu sau daya kawai a shekara.
Ci gaba yana ɗaukar kwanaki 47 zuwa 69 kuma ya dogara da yanayin zafi da zafi. Tananan kunkuru sun bayyana a ƙarshen Agusta ko Satumba kuma suna matsawa zuwa ruwa. Suna iya hayayyafa tsakanin shekara 14 zuwa 20. Ba a san iyakar rayuwa a cikin daji ba, amma mai yiwuwa ya fi shekara 58.
Halin kunkuru na katako.
Kututtukan katako dabbobi ne na diary kuma suna ciyarwa ko dai a cikin sarari, rana, ko ɓoye a cikin ciyawa ko kuma dajin daji. An daidaita su sosai don yanayin sanyi, mai yanayi.
Ta hanyar bazuwa kullum cikin kunkuru, kunkuru na daga zafin jikinsu, yayin samar da kwayar bitamin D, da kawar da cututtukan waje kamar ledoji.
Kunkuruyen katako suna bacci a lokacin hunturu (Oktoba zuwa Afrilu), a matsayinka na mai mulki, suna kwanciya a ƙasan kuma a kan rafin rafuka da rafuka, inda ruwan baya daskarewa. Mutum daya tilo yana bukatar kimanin hekta 1 zuwa 6 don rayuwa, kodayake wasu kunkururan katako na iya yin nisa mai nisa a cikin rafuka.
Kunkurucin katako suna da saurin gaske, sun haɓaka halaye na ɗabi'a wanda zai basu damar sauƙaƙe motsawa tsakanin wuraren da ke gabar ruwa da gandun daji.
Cin kunkuru na katako.
Kututtukan itace komai suke kuma suna samun abinci a cikin ruwa. Suna cin ganye da furanni na shuke-shuke iri-iri (violets, strawberries, raspberries), 'ya'yan itatuwa da namomin kaza. Tattara slugs, katantanwa, tsutsotsi, kwari. Kunkurucin katako sun yi jinkiri sosai don kamun kifi ko wasu dabbobin masu saurin tafiya, kodayake wani lokacin sukan cinye ƙananan beraye da ƙwai ko tara matattun dabbobi, tsutsotsi na ƙasa, waɗanda ke bayyana a saman ƙasa bayan ruwan sama mai ƙarfi.
Matsayin kiyayewa na kunkurucin itace.
Kunkuruwar katako suna da rauni musamman saboda canjin wurin zama da tarkon rashin tausayi. Wannan nau'in yana da karancin haihuwa, yawan mace-mace tsakanin yara da jinkirta balaga. Kashe kai tsaye babbar barazana ce ga kunkururan itace a wasu sassa na kewayon. Dabbobi da yawa suna lalacewa a kan hanyoyin ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motoci, daga mafarautan da ke kashe kunkuru don nama da ƙwai. Wannan nau'in abu ne mai mahimmanci don siyarwa a cikin tarin keɓaɓɓu dangane da kwararar masu biki, alal misali, masu kaya da masunta. Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun zama ganimar masu yawon bude ido, masunta, da masu sha'awar kwalekwale.
Kurtun katako suna wahala mai yawa daga asarar mazauninsu da lalacewarsu. Yin kamun kifi a cikin rairayin rairayi a bakin rafin arewa inda suke gida wata sabuwar barazana ce wacce zata iya rage ƙarfin haihuwar speciesan kunkuru. Threatarin barazanar ita ce farautar raccoons, waɗanda ba wai kawai suna kashe ƙwan kunkuru da kajin ba, har ma da farautar kunkuru. A halin yanzu, an killace kunkuru na katako don tarin masu zaman kansu, kuma a cikin wasu jihohin Amurka, an hana tarin dabbobi masu rarrafe kwata-kwata.
Makomar dogon lokaci na kunkururan katako ba su da kwarin gwiwa sosai, shi ya sa suke cikin Lissafin IUCN a ƙarƙashin Van Ruwa mai rauni, da aka jera a CITES Shafi II, kuma aka kiyaye shi a Michigan.
