Bera ciyawar Afirka ta bazu
Berayen ciyawar Afirka galibi ana rarrabawa ne a yankin Afirka kudu da Sahara, kodayake kuma yana nan a yankin Larabawa, inda mutane suka gabatar da shi. Wannan jinsin berayen yana rayuwa ne a cikin savannas na Afirka.
Mazaunin ya faro daga Senegal ta hanyar Sahel zuwa Sudan da Habasha, daga nan zuwa gefen kudu zuwa Uganda da Central Kenya. Kasancewa a tsakiyar Tanzania da Zambiya bashi da tabbas. Ana samun nau'ikan tare da Kogin Nilu, inda aka keɓance ta zuwa taƙaitaccen yanki mai ambaliyar ruwa. Bugu da kari, beran ciyawar Afirka na zaune ne a kalla kewayon tsaunuka guda uku na Sahara.
A Habasha, ba ya tashi sama da 1600 m sama da matakin teku. Hakanan yana zaune a Burkina Faso, Burundi, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. Nau'o'in kiwo a Chadi, Kongo, Cote d'Ivoire, Misira, Eritriya, Saliyo, Yemen. Da kuma Gambiya, Ghana, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger da ma Najeriya.
Gidajen beran ciyawar Afirka
An rarraba beran ciyawar Afirka a cikin ciyawar ciyawa, da ciyayi, da kuma yankunan karkara. Galibi ana lura dashi kusa da ƙauyuka da sauran wuraren da mutum ya canza.
Berayen ciyawar Afirka suna yin buhunan mulkin mallaka, don haka suna da wasu buƙatu don ƙirar ƙasar.
Kari akan haka, beraye suna shirya matsuguni a ƙarƙashin ƙananan bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi, duwatsu ko tuddai masu tsayi, a ciki kuma suke yin gida. Gidaje da yawa, gami da busassun savannahs, hamada, filayen bakin teku, dazuzzuka, filayen ciyawa, da filayen shuke-shuke suna ba da yanayi mai kyau don kare bera. Ba a samun berayen ciyawar Afirka a tsaunuka.
Alamomin waje na beran ciyawar Afirka
Berayen ciyawar Afirka matsakaici ne wanda yake da tsayi a jiki wanda yake da kusan 10.6 cm - cm 20.4. Tsawon jelar kuwa shine 100 mm. Matsakaicin nauyin beran ciyawar ya kai gram 118, tare da zangon gram 50 zuwa gram 183. Maza sun fi mata girma kaɗan.
Siffar kai tana zagaye, auricles suna zagaye. Jawo gajere ne tare da kyawawan gashi. Incunƙwasawa ba harshe-da-tsagi ba ne. Mulos ɗin gajere ne, kuma an rufe jela da ƙananan, gashin da ba za a iya gani ba. Baya na ƙafa yana da kyau sosai. A ƙafafun bayan kafa, yatsun kafa uku na ciki doguwa ne idan aka kwatanta da na biyu. Gaban ƙanana ya fi ƙanƙanta, tare da ɗan gajeren gajere amma mai ɗanɗano.
Bambancin launin launi a cikin wannan nau'in ba shi da tabbas.
Jawo a baya ya ƙunshi yawancin gashin da aka ringi waɗanda suke baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa a tushe, rawaya mai haske, launin ruwan kasa mai ja ko ocher a tsakiya, kuma baƙi a ƙarshen. Karkashin gajere ne, gashin masu gadin baƙaƙe ne, suma suna da kalar zobe.Gashin gashin ya fi guntu da haske.
Kiwo beran ciyawar Afirka
Ratasar bera mai mulkin ciyawa gabaɗaya tana da maza da mata daidai wa daida, tare da mata galibi sun fi na maza yawa. Maza sau da yawa suna ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna, yayin da sabbin mata za su kasance a wuri na dindindin.
Berayen ciyawar Afirka suna iya hayayyafa duk tsawon shekara a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Koyaya, babban lokacin kiwo yana farawa a farkon Maris kuma yana tsayawa har zuwa Oktoba.
Ratsananan berayen Afirka sun zama masu cin gashin kansu a kusan makonni uku da haihuwa, kuma suna ba da zuriya bayan watanni 3-4. Samari maza suna barin mulkin mallaka lokacin da suka kai watanni 9-11.
Mata suna kare zuriyarsu kuma suna ciyar da samari na kimanin kwanaki 21. Maza suna zama a kusa da wannan lokacin kuma basu shiga cikin tarbiyya, har ma suna iya cinye zuriyarsu, wanda galibi ana lura da shi a cikin ƙangi a cikin ɓarawo. A cikin kame, berayen ciyawar Afirka sun rayu tsawon shekaru 1-2, bera daya ya rayu tsawon shekaru 6.
Fasali na halayen beran ciyawar Afirka
Berayen ciyawar Afirka haƙori ne masu raɗaɗi waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin ramuka ta cikin ƙasa. Wadannan burbushin suna da hanyoyin shiga da yawa kuma sun kai zurfin kimanin santimita 20. Ana samun su a gindin bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi, raƙuman duwatsu, tuddai mara amfani, da kowane wurin haƙa rami. Beraye suna wasa "kuma suna ma'amala tare, ba tare da tsufa ko bambancin jinsi ba a cikin ɗabi'a.
Ayan halaye masu ban mamaki na tsarin rayuwar mulkin mallaka shine ƙirƙira da "tsiri", kafin fita daga kabari, mai siffofi da tsayi iri-iri. Berayen ciyawar Afirka a cikin wannan yanki suna cire duk tsire-tsire masu ciyawa da ƙananan matsaloli don su sami damar kutsawa cikin tsiri mai shinge cikin rami a lokacin rani. Adadin hanyoyin da suka karkata daga rami da kuma yawan ciyawar da aka yankakke sun dogara da tazara daga mafakar.
A lokacin damina, berayen ciyawar Afirka ba sa kirkirar sabbin ratsi kuma suna daina kula da tsofaffin hanyoyin. A lokaci guda, suna samun abinci kusa da burbushin mulkin mallaka. Babban aikin ratsi shine samar da saurin kuɓuta daga masu farauta don rufewa. Bayan sun sami abokan gaba, berayen da ke firgita sun ɓuya a kan hanyar da ta fi kusa da su wacce ke kai su ramuka.
Berayen ciyawar Afirka sune na rana, na dare ko na jinsi.
Namiji daya yana buƙatar daga murabba'in murabba'in 1400 zuwa 2750 don muhalli mai kyau, mace - daga murabba'in mita 600 zuwa 950 a lokacin rani da damina.
Abincin bera na ciyawar Afirka
Berayen ciyawar Afirka galibi suna da ciyayi. Suna ciyar da ciyawa, ganyaye da tushe na shuke-shuke masu furanni, suna cin tsaba, kwayoyi, bawon wasu nau'in itacen itace, albarkatu. Lokaci-lokaci ana ciyar da abinci tare da nau'ikan arthropods.
Tsarin halittu na beran ciyawar Afirka
Berayen ciyawar Afirka sune babban abincin wasu dabbobi masu cin naman Afirka. Waɗannan kwari na aikin gona suna gasa tare da sauran ƙwayoyin Afirka, musamman ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka suna da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan bambancin tsire-tsire. Koyaya, suna ciyarwa akan wasu nau'ikan ciyawa, wanda ke rage gasa tsakanin abinci tsakanin beraye da dabbobi.
An bayar da rahoton berayen ciyawar Afirka don watsa cututtukan cututtuka da yawa:
- cutar bubonic a Misira,
- ciwon sikila na hanji,
- shinkafar launin rawaya mottle virus.
Ganin saurin yaduwarsu, aikinsu na yau da kullun da kuma karamin jikinsu, ana amfani da beraye a binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje a likitanci, ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, ilimin halittar jiki da sauran fannoni masu alaƙa.
Matsayin kiyayewa na beran ciyawar Afirka
Berayen ciyawar Afirka ba jinsin hatsari bane. Babu bayanai kan wannan nau'in jinsin akan IUCN Red List. An rarraba beran ciyawar Afirka sosai, yana dacewa da canje-canje a mazaunin, mai yiwuwa yana da adadi mai yawa na mutane, sabili da haka yawan berayen da wuya ya ƙi da sauri don isa ga nau'in nau'in nau'in.
