Jamhuriyar Dagestan na ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan Tarayyar Rasha, da ke gabar yamma da Tekun Caspian. Yana da yanayi na musamman, tsaunuka a kudu, yankuna masu ƙanƙanci a arewa, rafuka da yawa suna gudana kuma akwai tabkuna. Koyaya, jamhuriya tana da matsaloli da yawa na mahalli.
Matsalar ruwa
Babbar matsalar Dagestan ita ce karancin ruwan sha, tunda galibin hanyoyin ruwa na yankin gurbatattu ne, ingancin ruwa ya yi kasa kuma ba abin sha bane. Madatsun ruwa cike suke da sharar gida da shara ta gida. Bugu da kari, tashoshin da ke kwarara suna gurbata a kai a kai. Saboda gaskiyar cewa hakar dutse, tsakuwa da yashi ba tare da izini ba yana faruwa a gabar yankunan ruwayen, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga gurɓatar ruwa. Shan ruwan mara kyau shine yake cutar da lafiyar mutane kuma yakan haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani.
Ga Dagestan, mafi mahimmancin matsalar muhalli ita ce zubar da ruwa. Duk hanyoyin sadarwar da ke hulda da magudanan ruwa sun riga sun riga sun lalace kuma suna aiki mara kyau. Suna da kaya mai nauyi. Saboda mawuyacin halin tsarin magudanar ruwa, ruwan datti mai tsafta yana kwarara koyaushe cikin Tekun Caspian da kogunan Dagestan, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar kifi da yawan ruwan guba.
Matsalar datti da sharar gida
Babbar matsalar gurɓatar muhalli a cikin jamhuriyar ita ce matsalar shara da shara. Sharan shara da shara shara ba bisa doka ba suna aiki a kauyuka da birane daban-daban. Saboda su, kasar ta gurbata, abubuwa masu cutarwa ana wanke su da ruwa kuma suna gurbata ruwan karkashin kasa. Yayinda ake kona shara da bazuwar datti, ana sakin mahadi da abubuwa masu illa cikin yanayi. Bugu da kari, babu wasu kamfanoni a Dagestan da zasu tsunduma cikin aikin sarrafa shara ko zubar da shara mai guba. Hakanan, babu wadatattun kayan aiki na musamman don zubar da shara.
Matsalar hamada
Akwai matsala babba a cikin jamhuriya - kwararar hamada. Wannan ya faru ne saboda tsananin ƙarfin tattalin arziki, amfani da albarkatun ƙasa, noma da amfani da ƙasa don wuraren kiwo. Hakanan, an keta tsarin gwamnatocin koguna, saboda haka, kasar ba ta wadatar da kanta sosai, wanda ke haifar da zaizayar iska da mutuwar shuke-shuke.
Baya ga matsalolin da ke sama, akwai wasu matsalolin mahalli a Dagestan. Don inganta yanayin mahalli, ya zama dole a inganta tsarin tsarkakewa, sauya dokoki don amfani da albarkatun kasa da amfani da fasahohin da ba su dace da muhalli ba.
