Tsarin ƙasa ba wani abu bane mai canzawa, abin tunawa da rashin motsi. Lithosphere yana ƙarƙashin matakai daban-daban na ma'amala da wasu tsarin tare da juna. Ofayan waɗannan abubuwan lamarun ana ɗaukar su a matsayin tsari ne masu ban sha'awa, wanda sunan sa aka fassara daga Latin yana nufin "na ciki", ba batun tasirin waje ba. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin ilimin ƙasa suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da canje-canje masu zurfin gaske a cikin duniya, suna faruwa ne a ƙarƙashin tasirin yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi, nauyi da nauyin girman kwalliyar saman lithosphere.
Nau'ikan tafiyar matakai
Abubuwan da ke faruwa ta hanyar yanayi sun kasu kashi biyu bisa ga yadda suka bayyana:
- magmatism - motsin magma zuwa layin sama na ɓawon ƙasa da sakin sa zuwa farfajiya;
- girgizar asa da ta shafi tasirin kwanciyar hankali;
- hawa da sauka a cikin magma sanadiyyar nauyi da kuma rikitarwa na ilimin kimiyyar sinadarai a cikin duniyar.
Sakamakon matakai masu tsauri, kowane nau'i na lalacewar dandamali da faranti na tectonic na faruwa. Suna matsawa juna, suna kafa folds, ko fashe. Sannan manyan damuwa suna bayyana akan saman duniya. Irin wannan aikin ba kawai yana ba da gudummawa ne ga sauƙin sauƙin duniyar ba, har ma yana tasiri sosai game da tsarin lu'ulu'u na duwatsu da yawa.
Tsarin aiki da yanayin rayuwa
Dukkanin hanyoyin sarrafa abubuwa dake faruwa a cikin duniya suna shafar yanayin fure da kwayoyin halittu masu rai. Don haka, fashewar magma da samfuran ayyukan dutsen mai fitad da wuta zai iya canza yanayin halittun dake dab da wuraren sakinsu, yana lalata dukkanin wuraren wanzuwar wasu nau'ikan fure da dabbobi. Girgizar ƙasa na haifar da lalata ɓawon ɓoyayyen ƙasa da tsunami, wanda ya lakume dubban rayukan mutane da dabbobi, yana kwashe duk abin da ke cikin ta.
A lokaci guda, godiya ga irin waɗannan hanyoyin ilimin ƙasa, an sami ma'adanai a saman lithosphere:
- ma'adanai masu daraja na ƙarfe - zinariya, azurfa, platinum;
- ajiyar kayan masana'antu - ma'adanai na baƙin ƙarfe, tagulla, gubar, kwano da kuma kusan duk mahalarta a teburin na lokaci-lokaci;
- kowane irin shale da yumbu mai dauke da gubar, uranium, potassium, phosphorus da sauran abubuwan da suka wajaba ga mutum da duniyar tsirrai;
- lu'u-lu'u da adon duwatsu masu daraja waɗanda ba su da kayan ado kawai, har ma da ƙimar amfani a ci gaban wayewa.
Wasu masana kimiyya na kokarin ƙirƙirar zurfafan makamai ta amfani da ma'adanai da ka iya haifar da girgizar ƙasa ko fashewar dutse. Yana da ban tsoro tunani game da sakamakon da ba za a iya kawar da shi ba wannan na iya haifar da dukkanin bil'adama.
