Fassara daga Mongolia "Gobi" - ƙasar da babu ruwa ko kufai. Wannan hamada ita ce mafi girma a cikin Asiya, tare da jimillar yanki kusan kilomita murabba'in miliyan 1.3. Gobi, kuma kamar yadda ake kiran sa a zamanin da, hamadar Shamo, ya shimfiɗa kan iyakokinsa daga tsaunukan Tien Shan da Altai zuwa tsaunukan Arewacin China, a arewa suna wucewa cikin ƙafafun Mongoliya mara iyaka, suna ɓoyewa a kudu zuwa kwarin kogin. Huang Ya.
Tun ƙarni da yawa Gobi ta kasance iyakar duniyar da ke da yanayi mai tsananin gaske. Koyaya, ta ci gaba da jan hankalin masu neman kasada da romantics. Kyawawan yanayi da aka sassaka daga duwatsu, marshes na gishiri da yashi ya sa wannan hamada ta zama ɗayan mafi ban mamaki a duniya.
Yanayi
Hamada ta Gobi tana da yanayi mai tsananin gaske wanda bai canza ba tsawon dubunnan miliyoyi. Gobi yana saman hawa kusan dubu dari tara zuwa daya da rabi a saman teku. Yanayin bazara a nan yana hawa sama da digiri arba'in da biyar, kuma a lokacin sanyi yana iya sauka zuwa debe arba'in. Baya ga irin wannan yanayin, iska mai ƙarfi mai sanyi, yashi da guguwar ƙura ba su da yawa a cikin hamada. Yawan zafin jiki ya sauka tsakanin dare da rana na iya kaiwa digiri 35.
Abin mamaki, akwai hazo mai yawa a cikin wannan jejin, har zuwa milimita 200. Mafi yawan ruwan sama yana faruwa ne a cikin yanayi irin na hadari tsakanin Mayu da Satumba. A lokacin hunturu, ana kawo dusar ƙanƙara da yawa daga tsaunukan Kudancin Siberia, waɗanda ke narkewa kuma suna ƙanshi da ƙasa. A yankuna kudu na hamada, canjin yanayi yafi dadi saboda damuna da aka kawo daga tekun Pacific.
Shuke-shuke
Gobi yana da banbanci a cikin furannin sa. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin hamada akwai tsirrai kamar:
Saksaul shrub ne ko ƙaramar bishiya mai rassa da yawa. Ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi kyawun mai a duniya.
Karagana shrub ne mai tsayin mita 5. A baya can, ana samun fenti daga bawon wannan shrub. Yanzu ana amfani dasu azaman tsire-tsire masu ado ko ƙarfafa gangara.
Grebenshik, wani suna don tamarisk, shuru ne mai ƙayatarwa ko ƙaramar bishiya. Ya fi girma musamman tare da koguna, amma kuma ana iya samun sa a dunes na yashin Gobi.
Yayin da kuka matsa kudu zuwa hamada, ciyayi suna karami. Lichens, ƙananan bishiyoyi da sauran tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin ƙarfi sun fara nasara. Manyan wakilai na yankunan kudu sune rhubarb, astragalus, saltpeter, thermopsis da sauransu.
Rhubarb
Astragalus
Selitryanka
Thermopsis
Wasu shuke-shuke sun kai shekaru ɗari shida.
Dabbobi
Mafi kyawun wakilin duniyar dabba ta jejin Gobi shine Bactrian (raƙumi mai taushi biyu).
Bactrian - raƙumi mai raƙumi
Wannan raƙumi an rarrabe shi da ulu mai kauri, wanda yake da daraja a duk duniya.
Na biyu sanannen wakilin fauna shine dokin Przewalski.
Hakanan yana da tarin danshi mai kauri wanda yake ba shi damar rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi na hamada.
Kuma, ba shakka, mafi ban mamaki wakilin duniyar dabbobi ta jejin Gobi shine Mazalai ko Gobi Brown Bear.
Kudancin Babban Gobi Reserve shine mazaunin Mazalaya. An jeji wannan jakar a cikin Littafin Ja kuma yana ƙarƙashin kariyar ƙasa, tunda akwai kusan 30 daga cikinsu a cikin duniya.
Lizards, rodents (musamman hamsters), macizai, arachnids (sanannen wakilin shine gizo-gizo raƙumi), foxes, hares da shinge kuma suna rayuwa a cikin iri-iri a cikin hamada.
Gizo-gizo raƙumi
Tsuntsaye
Duniya mai fuka-fukai kuma tana da bambancin - bustards, steppe cranes, mikiya, ungulu, ungulu.
Bustard
Steppe crane
Mikiya
Ungulu
Sarych
Wuri
Yankin Gobi yana kusan wurare iri ɗaya kamar na Tsakiyar Turai da arewacin Amurka. Hamada ta shafi kasashe biyu - yankin kudancin Mongolia da arewa maso yammacin China. Ya fadada kusan kilomita 800 fadi da tsawon kilomita dubu 1.5.
Taswirar Hamada
Saukakawa
Saukin hamada ya banbanta. Waɗannan su ne dunes, busassun tuddai, dutsen dutse, dazukan saxaul, duwatsu masu duwatsu da gadajen ruwa waɗanda suka bushe shekaru da yawa. Dunes suna da kashi biyar cikin ɗari na duk yankin hamada, babban ɓangarensa yana da duwatsu.
Masana kimiyya sun rarrabe yankuna biyar:
- Alashan Gobi (rabin hamada);
- Gashun Gobi (hamada steppe);
- Dzungarian Gobi (rabin hamada);
- Trans-Altai Gobi (hamada);
- Gobi na Mongoliya (hamada)
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Sinawa suna kiran wannan hamada Khan-Khal ko busasshiyar teku, wanda gaskiya ne. Bayan haka, sau ɗaya yankin Desauran Gobi ya kasance ƙasan tsohuwar tekun Tesis.
- Yankin Gobi yayi daidai da jimlar yankin Spain, Faransa da Jamus.
- Hakanan yana da kyau a lura da gaskiyar cewa ¼ duk wanda aka samo dinosaur a duniya an same shi a cikin Gobi.
- Kamar kowane jeji, Gobi yana ƙara yanki a cikin lokaci kuma don kauce wa asarar makiyaya, hukumomin China sun dasa koren bangon Sin na bishiyoyi.
- Babban Hanyar siliki, wacce ta tashi daga China zuwa Turai, ta ratsa hamadar Gobi kuma ita ce mafi wahalar wucewa.
