Hatimin crabeater (Lobodon carcinophaga) yana cikin umarnin Pinnipeds.
Rarraba hatimin mahaukaci
An samo hatimin crabeater galibi a gaɓar teku da kankara na Antarctica. A lokacin watannin hunturu hakan yana faruwa ne a bakin tekun Kudancin Amurka, Ostiraliya, Afirka ta Kudu, Tasmania, New Zealand, kuma kusa da tsibirai da yawa da ke kewaye da Antarctica. A lokacin hunturu, zangon ya kai kimanin muraba'in mita miliyan 22. km
Gidan hatimi na Crabeater
Alamu na Crabeater suna rayuwa akan kankara da kuma kusa da ruwan daskarewa da ke kewaye da ƙasar.
Alamomin waje na hatimin mahaukaci
Bayan narkakken lokacin bazara, marubutan crabeater suna da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a saman, da haske a ƙasan. Ana iya ganin alamun launin ruwan kasa masu duhu a baya, launin ruwan kasa mai haske a tarnaƙi. Fikafikan suna cikin jikin sama. Gashi a hankali yana canzawa zuwa launuka masu haske a duk shekara kuma ya kusan zama fari fari da bazara. Saboda haka, a wasu lokuta akan kira hatimin mahaukacin "farin hatimin Antarctic". Yana da doguwar hanci da taushi sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan hatimin. Mata sun fi maza girma kaɗan kaɗan wanda tsawonsu ya kai 216 cm zuwa 241 cm Maza suna da tsayin jiki daga 203 cm zuwa 241 cm.
Hannun maharan Crabeater galibi suna da manyan alamu a gefen sassan jikinsu. Wataƙila, manyan abokan gaba sun watsar da su - damisa ta teku.
Hakoran hatimin 'yan kwalliyar ba daidai suke ba kuma sune "mafiya wahala cikin masu cin nama." Akwai cusps da yawa akan kowane hakori tare da rata a tsakanin da aka yanke zurfin cikin hakorin. Babban mahimmin kan manyan hakora da ƙananan sun dace sosai. Lokacin da hatimin mahaukaci ya rufe bakinsa, sai rata kawai ta rage tsakanin tarin fuka. Wannan cizon wani nau'in sieve ne wanda ake tace krill - babban abinci.
Hatimin kiwo - crabeater
Hannun Crabeater sun haɗu a kan kankara a kusa da Antarctica a Kudancin Hemisphere a cikin bazara, daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba. Yin jima'i yana faruwa ne a filayen kankara, ba cikin ruwa ba. Mace tana ɗauke da ɗan maraƙi na tsawon watanni 11. Farawa daga Satumba, tana zaɓar sandar ƙanƙara wanda a kanta take haihuwa kuma tana ciyar da hatimin jariri ɗaya. Namiji ya haɗu da mace a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa jim kaɗan kafin ko nan da nan bayan haihuwa. Yana kare mace da jariri daga makiya da sauran mazan da suka mamaye yankin da aka zaɓa. An haifi yara masu like nauyin kilogram 20 kuma suna samun nauyi da sauri yayin ciyarwa, suna samun kusan kilogram 4.2 kowace rana. A wannan lokacin, mace a zahiri ba ta barin ɗiyanta, idan ta motsa, to ɗan da nan sai ya biyo ta.
Hannun samari sun daina ciyar da madarar uwarsu a kusan sati 3 da haihuwa. Ba a bayyana abin da hanyoyin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi ke aiki a cikin jikin kansu ba, amma samar da madara ya ragu, kuma hatimin saurayi ya fara rayuwa daban. Balagaggen namiji yana nuna haushi ga mace a duk tsawon lokacin shayarwar. Tana kare kanta ta hanyar cizon wuyansa da gefenta. Bayan ciyar da zuriyar, mace ta rage nauyi, nauyinta ya kusan rabi, don haka ba za ta iya kare kanta da kyau ba. Ta zama mai karɓar jima'i jim kaɗan bayan yaye ta.
Hatunan Crabeater sun balaga tsakanin jimawa tsakanin shekaru 3 zuwa 4, kuma mata na haihuwar cubasa yan shekara 5, kuma suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25.
Halin hatimin Crabeater
Alamar Crabeater wani lokacin takan samar da manyan gungu har zuwa kawuna 1000, amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, suna farautar farauta ko a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Suna nutsewa galibi da daddare kuma suna yin kusan 143 nutsuwa a kullun. Sau ɗaya a cikin ruwa, marubutan masu rarrafe suna zama a cikin ruwa kusan ci gaba har tsawon awanni 16.
A cikin yanayin ruwa, waɗannan dabbobi ne masu taurin kai da ke ta iyo, nutsewa, ƙaura da yin jarabawar gwaji don neman abinci.
Yawancin ruwa suna faruwa yayin tafiya, suna ƙare aƙalla minti ɗaya kuma ana yin su zuwa zurfin mita 10. Lokacin ciyarwa, hatimin crabeater suna nutsewa kaɗan, har zuwa mita 30, idan suna ciyarwa da rana.
Suna zurfafawa cikin magariba. Wannan wataƙila ya dogara da rarraba krill. Ana yin zurfin gwaji don zurfafa don sanin wadatar abinci. Hannun Crabeater suna amfani da ramin kankara wanda hatimin Weddell ya ƙirƙira don numfashi. Hakanan suna fitar da hatimin matasa na Weddell daga waɗannan ramuka.
A ƙarshen lokacin rani, marubutan crabeater suna ƙaura zuwa arewa lokacin da kankara ta daskarewa. Waɗannan waƙoƙin kewaya ne na hannu, suna ƙaura ɗaruruwan kilomita. Lokacin da hatimai suka mutu, ana kiyaye su da kyau, kamar "mummies" a cikin kankara kusa da gabar Antarctica. Mafi yawan hatimai, duk da haka, sunyi nasarar tafiya arewa, suna isa tsibirin teku, Ostiraliya, Kudancin Amurka har ma da Afirka ta Kudu.
Alamu na Crabeater sune, wataƙila, maɓallan firam ɗin da ke motsawa a kan ƙasa da gudu har zuwa 25 km / h. Lokacin da suke gudu da sauri, suna daga kansu sama suna girgiza kai daga gefe zuwa gefe suna aiki tare da motsin kashin baya. Abubuwan da ke gaba suna motsi a hankali ta cikin dusar ƙanƙara, yayin da ƙafafun na baya suke tsayawa a ƙasa kuma suna tafiya tare.
Cin kaguwa mai cin abinci
Sunan crabeater hatimin ba daidai ba ne, kuma babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa waɗannan tsintsayen cinncin suna cin kadoji. Babban abincin shine Antarctic krill kuma mai yiwuwa wasu invertebrates. Mahaukata suna yin iyo a cikin krill mai yawa tare da buɗe bakunansu, suna tsotse cikin ruwa, sannan suna tace abincinsu ta hanyar haƙori na musamman. Lura kan rayuwar masu sintiri a cikin fursuna ya nuna cewa za su iya tsotse kifi a cikin bakinsu daga nisan kilomita 50. Irin wannan ganima ta fi girma girma fiye da krill, saboda haka, a cikin mazauninsu na asali, masu hatimin crabeater na iya shan krill daga nesa mai nisa.
Sun fi son cin ƙananan kifi, ƙasa da cm 12, su haɗiye shi gaba ɗaya, ba kamar sauran nau'in hatimin ba, waɗanda ke yage dabbobinsu da haƙoransu kafin haɗuwa. A lokacin lokacin hunturu, lokacin da galibi ake samun krill a cikin ramuka da kogwanni, hatimin crabeater suna samun abinci a waɗannan wuraren da ba za a iya shiga ba.
Ma'ana ga mutum
Hannun maharan Crabeater suna da wuraren zama waɗanda ke da wahalar isa ga mutane, saboda haka da kyar suke iya yin hulɗa da mutane. Yaran yara suna da sauƙin ladabi da horo, saboda haka ana kama su don zoos, aquariums na ruwa da circus, galibi a bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu. Hatunan Crabeater suna cutar da kamun kifin ta hanyar cin kifin Antarctic, domin shi ne babban abinci ga masu kirari.
Matsayin kiyayewa daga hatimin mahaukaci
Alamu na Crabeater sune nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in adadi mafi yawa a duniya, tare da kimanin mutane miliyan 15-40. Tunda mazaunin yana nesa da yankunan masana'antu, saboda haka, matsalolin kiyaye jinsunan ba kai tsaye bane. An samo sinadarai masu cutarwa kamar DDT a cikin masu kirari a cikin wasu alumma. Bugu da kari, idan kamun krill ya ci gaba a tekun Antarctic, to matsalar ciyar da marubutan masu tayar da hankali zai taso, tun da yake ajiyar abinci na iya raguwa sosai. An rarraba wannan nau'in azaman astananan Damuwa.
