Ayan manyan hanyoyin da suke da tasirin gaske a cikin ruwan tekunan duniya shine jirgin ruwan ruwa. Jiragen ruwa suna amfani da mai mai mai nauyi, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙarfe masu nauyi da haɗari. Ana fitar da ruwan cikin gida, da ruwa mai kaushi da ruwan sharar ruwa ta cikin ruwa, wanda ke da mummunan tasiri ga mahalli. Gurɓatar da jirgi ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyoyin ruwa da hanyoyin kogin, wanda ke fitar da ɓarnar da aka samu yayin gudanar da ayyukanta da hayaƙi wanda ke shiga cikin ruwa yayin haɗuwar haɗari mai guba.
Haɗarin gas zuwa cikin yanayi
Abu mafi haɗari wanda yake shiga cikin ruwa kuma yana haifar da samuwar sulfuric acid shine iskar shalph. A sakamakon haka, daidaita yanayin mahallin yana haifar da lalacewa da lalacewar mahalli. Bugu da kari, jiragen ruwa masu amfani da iskar gas suna fitar da toka, kura, sinadarin sulphur, carbon monoxide da iskar gas da ke cikin wuta.
Dangane da wannan, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da man da ba zai iya tsabtace muhalli ba, wato gas da kuma hydrogen. Wannan zai rage shigar abubuwa masu cutarwa cikin ruwa da yanayi.
Matakan da nufin rage gurbacewar muhalli ta jiragen ruwa
Nazarin ya nuna cewa akwai abubuwa marasa kyau da yawa da suka shafi muhalli kuma kusan ba zai yuwu a kawar da tasirin su ba. Sabili da haka, an ƙirƙiri wasu matakan don taimakawa rage tasirin su, sune:
- amfani da mai mai mahalli;
- gabatar da tsarin allurar mai da lantarki ta hanyar lantarki, wanda zai taimaka wajen inganta aikin;
- tsari na samar da mai da matakan rarraba gas;
- wadatar da tukunyar jirgi da aka sake amfani da shi ta hanyar tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki na musamman a cikin abubuwa daban-daban na injinan (ramin tukunyar jirgi, hura wutar daddawa, kashe wutar);
- kowane yanayi na sufuri na teku da kogi dole ne su sami hanyar fasaha don sarrafa ƙimar iskar gas da ke shiga cikin yanayi;
- ƙi yin amfani da abubuwan da ke ƙunshe da nitrogen a kan jiragen ruwa;
- cikakken nazarin aikin akwatin shaƙewa da haɗin flange;
- aiki da janareto mai saurin canzawa.
Ta bin wadannan shawarwarin, watsi da abubuwa masu cutarwa zai ragu matuka, wanda zai rage gurbatar muhalli ta jiragen ruwa.
Rage yawan hayakin gas
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rage hayakin da iska ke fitarwa a cikin sararin samaniya: sha, iskar shaka na abubuwa masu illa na carbonaceous, masu saurin kamawa da zagi. Kowannensu yana nufin tsarkake yawan iska da sararin ruwa. Jigon hanyoyin shine cire sinadarai masu cutarwa, saboda daya daga cikin dabarun da akayi amfani dasu. Wannan aikin yana faruwa ta hanyar dumama ko samar da gas ga mai ƙonewa, ɓarna ta hanyar dumama da tururi, ta yin amfani da matattara masu haɓaka da abubuwa tsarkakewa a ƙananan yanayin zafi.
