Molly ko platies - jinsin halittar kifi mai rai (lat. Poecilia), wanda wani ɓangare ne na babban gidan platies. Sunan "mollynesia" an adana shi azaman amo na tsohon sunan mai suna Mollienesia. A adabin Turanci, an gajerta sunan m zuwa "molly".
Ba ƙari ba ne in ce mussuna ne a farko a cikin shahararrun masu masaniyar ruwa, ganin cewa sanannun guppies suma ƙamshi ne. Experiencedarin gogaggen masoyan kifi suna kiyaye platias don dalilai na kiwo.
Bayani da fasali
Mollies sune kifaye na sifofin gargajiya. Kai bai wuce 20% na tsayin jiki ba. Gaban baki. Idanun suna zagaye da farin iris. Fins matsakaici ne a cikin girman, an zagaye shi a cikin mata. Akwai nau'ikan da ke da keɓaɓɓiyar ɓarke. Waɗannan su ne jirgin ruwan jirgin ruwa da ƙananan kwalliya.
Dimorphism na jinsi an fara bayyana shi da girma. Mace ta fi ta namiji girma aƙalla ɗaya bisa uku. A tsawon, yana iya shimfiɗa zuwa cm 10. Bugu da ƙari, maza suna da launi mai launi. Suna da alama guda daya. An sake haifar da fin din din din din a cikin gabobin haihuwa - gonopodium. Yana aiki don canja wurin gametes na maza ga mace.
Launin kwalliyar kwalliya na yanayi yana da wahalar samu a cikin akwatin ruwa. Karkashin yanayin yanayi, kalar mollies saiti ne na launuka masu taushi mara tsari. Gilashin na iya zama launin toka, launin ruwan kasa, shuɗi-shuɗi. Masu kiwo sun yi launin launuka iri-iri fiye da danginsu masu zaman kansu.
Irin
Akwai nau'ikan 33 daban-daban a cikin jinsin zafin nama. Akwai wasu musamman mashahuri wadanda.
- Manƙarar Amazon. Ana kiran shi sau da yawa kyakkyawan platyliya. A cikin 'yanci, yana rayuwa a cikin ruwan dumi da kwanciyar hankali na kwari na kogin Amazon. Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa zafin nama na Amazon zai iya haifuwa ba tare da namiji ba. Mafi dacewa, idan babu maza daga cikin jinsinsu, suna amfani da samfuran jima'i na maza na wani jinsi. Amma gametes na kasashen waje suna kunna kwayayen mata ne kawai, ba tare da gabatar da bayanan kwayar halittar su ba. Wannan yana magance matsalar kiyaye nau'ikan halittar yayin karancin maza.
- Finarancin finafinai masu tsayi. A cikin asalin Ingilishi ana kiransa da suna "mollie sailboat". Yanayi na yau da kullun shine koguna masu dumi tare da raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman ruwa a kudancin Amurka, arewacin Mexico.
- Finananan ƙananan finafinai. Yanayinsa na halitta ya mamaye wani muhimmin ɓangare na nahiyar Amurka. Ana iya samun sa a cikin koguna da tsayayyun jikkunan ruwa daga Texas zuwa Venezuela. Yawancin launuka iri-iri na wannan jinsin sun bayyana a cikin mazaunin.
- Jirgin ruwa. Sunan na biyu na wannan kifin shi ne velifer mollies. Sunan da bayyanar suna gabatar da wasu rudani. Da yake magana game da ƙananan kwalliyar ruwa, suna iya ma'anar veliffer mollies da mollies.
- Man Mexico. A cikin Mexico da Guatemala, akwai jikin ruwa mai dumi wanda wannan kifin yake rayuwa a cikin yanayinsa. An gano daya daga cikin mutanen a cikin wani kogo da ke jihar Tobasco ta kasar Mexico. Ba wai kawai wannan kifin zai iya yin rayuwarsa duka a cikin duhu ba, yana gudanar da rayuwa cikin ruwan da yake cike da hydrogen sulfide. An yi wa yawan jama'a suna "ƙuraren kogo".
- Endler's Mollies. Matsakaicinta na asali yana cikin Venezuela a tsibirin Paria. Wannan kwalliya — kifi karami kuma mai matukar launi. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don ƙetare tare da guppies. Abubuwan haɗin da aka samu a mafi yawancin suna suna Endppy's guppy.
- Mai farin ciki. Wannan nau'in ya samo asali ne daga masanin kimiyyar halittu dan kasar Ingila Robert Guppy a tsibirin Trinidad. Kifin sananne ne sosai a tsakanin masanan ruwa cewa, gabaɗaya, yana aiki ne a matsayin ɗan ƙasa mai zaman kansa, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da jinsin zafin nama (platies).
A zamaninmu, zangon guppy ya fadada sosai. A duk yankuna masu zafi da zafi, guppies suna aiki a matsayin manyan masu yaƙi da tsutsa daga sauro. Saboda haka, ana iya samun guppi ba a cikin koguna da tafkuna kawai ba, amma a cikin tafkunan ruwa na wucin gadi da tsarin ban ruwa na aikin gona.
Baya ga nau'ikan halittu, ƙwararrun masanan ruwa sun haɓaka siffofi da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin zane-zane da launin jiki. Malaman gargajiya sun yi imani da hakan baƙar fata shine mafi kyawun launi don kifi. Suna jayayya cewa shahararrun nishaɗin ya samo asali ne daga kifin melanistic.
Mafi ban mamaki shine kifin da aka lakafta da wutsiya. Wadannan siffofin sun samo asali ne daga dukkan shahararrun jinsuna. Guppies masu haɗe-haɗe sun fi na kowa yawa. Launukan narkakku ba su ƙidayuwa. Sabbi suna bayyana koyaushe: wannan shine yadda ƙwararrun masu kiwon kifin kifin kifayen ke kula da sha'awar wannan nau'in kifin na pecilia.
Daga cikin nau'ikan kwalliyar da aka samu, akwai shahararrun mutane.
- Mollies Dalmatian ne. Maimaita launi na sanannen nau'in kare. Bukatar abun ciki. Yayi kyau ga akwatin kifaye tare da shuke-shuke na ruwa. Yana son ba wai kawai ya kasance tare da su ba, amma kuma yana da abun ciye-ciye tare da koren ganye.
- Baƙin ƙura. An haɗu da samfurin a karnin da ya gabata, kuma an gabatar da shi ga masanan ruwa a cikin 1920s. Ofaya daga cikin siffofin farko na wucin gadi. A halaye da ɗabi'a, ya ɗan bambanta da takwarorinsa. Kamar sauran mollies a cikin akwatin kifaye Yana son yalwar kayan lambu. Za a iya rayuwa cikin ruwan gishiri kaɗan. Masu ilimin ruwa, sanin wannan fasalin, sanya shi ba kawai a cikin ruwa mai ƙanshi ba, har ma a cikin akwatin ruwa na ruwa. Kafin sake matsuguni, gishiri yana ƙaruwa ahankali a cikin jirgin ruwa tare da zafin nama zuwa matakin da ake buƙata.
- Platinum Lyrebird. Ya bambanta a cikin launin ma'aunin. Toari da ƙarfe, ƙarfen platinum na jiki, yana alfahari da ƙarancin wutsiya na nau'i na musamman. Babban lobe ya fara, kuma ƙananan ya ƙare da haskoki masu tsayi.
- Jirgin ruwan jirgin ruwan zinare. Wannan nau'ikan narkakken narkakke ana rarrabe shi da kalar ruwan lemo-zinare na sikeli kuma muhimmi, kusan a dukkanin bangon baya, babban dokin fin. Ita ma ba ta da izinin yanayin rayuwa, kamar dangin ta. Isasshen ruwan wuya, yawan algae, da gishirin haske kyawawa ne.
- Mollies balan-balan. Ko kumburin kumburi. Samu sunan saboda jikin mara kyau. An gajarta shi kuma yayi kauri, yana ba da alama game da kifi mai kumbura, ko menene shi ciki mai ciki... Baya ga siffofin anatomical, yana iya mamaki da launuka iri-iri. Akwai tabo, lemu, launin toka da sauran bambancin.
Kulawa da kulawa
Ba da umurni mollies akwatin kifaye mashahuri tare da masoyan kifi na gida. Ganga mafi girman ƙarami na iya zama gida ga ƙaramin garken zubi. Ofara na lita 100 ana iya ɗauka mai dacewa don ƙananan kwalliya don rayuwa kuma su sami fa'idodin kallon su.
A hita ne kyawawa. Idan ana tsammanin zazzabin ɗakin ya sauka ƙasa da 18-20 ° C, tushen ƙarin zafi shine dole. A yanayin zafi da bai kai 14 ° C ba, kifin ya mutu. Babban zazzabi shima ba kyawawa bane, yana rage rayuwar kifin. Ainihin, an yi imanin waɗannan kifin suna jin daɗin iyo a cikin ruwa mai digiri 25.
Kayan aiki na wajibi na kowane akwatin kifaye shine kwampreso don motsawar wucin gadi, jikewar ruwa tare da oxygen. Kula da ƙarfin da ake buƙata da acidity ba abu mai wahala bane, tunda waɗannan sigogin suna tsakiyar tsaka-tsakin yiwuwar. Cikakken acidity yana kusa da pH 7, taurin zai iya kasancewa a cikin kewayon dH 10-20.
Lightingarin haske na akwatin kifaye wajibi ne ga duk mazaunansa. Shuke-shuke na cikin ruwa suna da saukin kai musamman. Mollies suna da kyau tare da tarayya tare da hornwort, egeria, pinwort, da sauran mazaunan koren akwatin kifaye gama gari. Mollies karfinsu kwarai da koren.
Kifi da tsirrai suna jin daɗin zama kusa da juna. Molynesia na da komai, saboda haka tana iya cin ganye ko wani girma a kan ɗanɗano, amma ba zai lalata tushen ba. Shuke-shuke, ba zafin nama ba, ke bayyana abin da za a saka a kasa. Yawancin lokaci yana da m, wanke yashi ko ƙananan duwatsu.
Mollies basa tonowa a cikin zakaran don neman abinci. Zasu iya daga ƙwayoyin jini ko tubifex daga ƙasan, waɗanda, kamar sauran nau'o'in abinci mai rai, sune mafi kyawun abinci don ƙyamar nama. Bugu da kari, suna da kyau ga busassun nau'ikan abinci. Kifin Mollies suna da komai, kar a nuna makaɗawa ga wasu abinci, suna raɗaɗi a ci gaba a kan ganyen tsire-tsire, wani lokacin tara ganye. Zasu iya cin abinci akan caviar wani da zuriyar su.
Karfin Aquarium
Mollies a cikin hoto galibi ana kama shi tare da wasu, nau'ikan da ba su da alaƙa da kifin akwatin kifaye. Kifi ya fi son zama a cikin ƙaramin garken. Kwata-kwata babu rikici. Yanayin sigogin ruwa wanda zai iya rayuwa a cikinsu ya isa sosai. Sabili da haka, ƙananan ƙwayoyi suna da babban matakin rayuwa.
Lokacin sanya kifi a cikin akwatin kifaye na kowa, kuna buƙatar mai da hankali sosai ga yanayin maƙwabta. Duk matsakaicin matsakaici, kifi mara karfi, musamman kifi mai rayar rai, sun dace da su. Mollies za su sami nutsuwa kusa da takobi, matsakaiciyar cichlids, sikeli, lalius. A wasu lokuta, mutum na iya lura da halin cin naman mutane: tana iya cin abincin wani da zuriyarta cikin sauki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Rarrabe tsakanin mace da namiji ba shi da wahala. Mace ta fi girma kuma ba ta da haske, zagaye yake kuma ana jin wasu ƙarfafuwa a ciki. Naman mara na hannu, an yi ado sosai, koyaushe yana nuna kayan sa. A karkashin yanayin rayuwa na yau da kullun, zafin nama na iya haifar da zuriya a kowane wata.
Abubuwan haɗin aurensu ba su da alaƙa da kowane yanayi. Slightara ƙarancin zafin jiki da haɓaka cikin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin abincin na iya tura kifin don fara kiwo. A cikin akwatin kifin mai dumi, mace tana ɗaukar soya na ɗan kwanaki sama da 20. Idan zafin ruwan yana ƙasa da 22 ° C, tsarin cigaban amfrayo zai iya ɗaukar kwanaki 40.
Kwararrun masanan ruwa suna da spawning akwatin kifaye a shirye lokacin da zuriyar suka bayyana. Mace, wacce ke nuna duk alamun shirye-shiryen haihuwa, ana sanya ta a wannan gidan mazaunin. Tankin da ke ba da isasshen ruwa yana dauke da ruwa iri ɗaya kamar na babban akwatin kifaye. Yawancin lokaci ana sanya tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire a ciki, daga cikinsu kifayen da aka haifa za su iya fakewa.
Mollies mata suna haihuwa 10 zuwa 100 soya. Idan kun mayar da iyaye zuwa akwatin kifaye na kowa lokaci, to kusan komai mollies soya tsira. Don ciyar dasu, ana fitar da abin da ake kira ƙura mai rai a cikin akwatin kifaye. Tun yana dan shekara daya zuwa biyu da haihuwa, kifin ya fara cin busasshen abinci busasshe.
Yawancin ƙananan ƙwayoyi suna da wata mahimmanci, don haihuwar ɗa na gaba, mata ba sa buƙatar saduwa da namiji. Wata daya daga baya, kuma wani lokacin a baya, mace na iya share gaba na soya ba tare da neman saduwa da namiji ba. Saukin tsarin haihuwa na iya zama daya daga cikin dalilan shaharar zafin nama.
Bukatar rayuwa tana sanya shekarun shiga cikin girma cikin kifi karami sosai. Don hana haifuwa da ba a sarrafawa, samari da mata suna zaune a cikin kwantena daban-daban. Tunda bambance-bambance tsakanin jinsi yana da mahimmanci, ana iya yin hakan tun daga makonni biyu zuwa uku.
Yawancin kifin da ke raye rai, gami da narkakku, suna da fasali. Mollies soya ana haifuwa ne cikakke, mai iya rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Amma har yanzu suna wucewa ta matakin kwai. Molly mace bar ƙwai a mahaifarta. Embryos din ba su da alaka ta kai tsaye da jikin uwa, kamar yadda yake a cikin dabbobin da ke cikin mahaifa, suna ciyar da abubuwan da ke cikin kwan.
Ana aiwatar da hanyar fitowa daga kwai a jikin mace, bayan haka kuma sai a haifi sabon kifi. Saboda haka, ya fi daidai a kira mollies ba viviparous, amma ovoviviparous. Wannan hanyar haihuwa tana ceton rayuwar yawancin zuriya. Kari kan haka, yana samar da sauƙin sauƙin ƙarni a cikin akwatin kifaye, wanda marubucin sha'awar sha'awa ke lura da shi.
Mollies suna rayuwa shekaru 3-5. Hanyar kiwo tana sa yawan rayayyun halittu su yi yawa. Bugu da kari, bambancin yanayi da saurin samun zuriya yanayi ne mai kyau na gudanar da aikin kiwo. Yin la'akari da yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in kiɗa, masu kiwo suna da kyau.
Tunanin kifayen da aka gabatar ne ya sanya aka sanyasu cikin sauki. Watanni uku zuwa huɗu bayan sun zauna a cikin akwatin kifayen guppy, maza masu launi daban-daban na ƙafafun ƙafafu na iya bayyana. Wannan na iya faruwa ko da yaduwar kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Don madaidaiciya, tsarin kimiyya don aikin kiwo, sayayyan ruwa ko kerar ruwa da yawa. A cikin wadanda suka fi girma, wadanda ke ciyarwa, za a kiyaye kifayen kifayen, maza daban da na mata. Ofungiyoyi uku masu kerawa za su zauna a cikin kwantena na sirri.
Ana sauya furodusoshi lokaci-lokaci tare da zaɓaɓɓen kifi daga zuriyarsu. Don keɓance tasirin mara kyau na alaƙar haɗin kai, shirya don motsawar mata da maza ta yadda babu wani kifi da ya fito daga iyaye ɗaya. An ƙaddamar da mai ɗaukar zaɓi, wanda a cikin mafi zaɓa ake zaba koyaushe, amma ba a ketare dangi mafi kusa.
Kasancewa da ingancin aikin kiwo tare da kifi ya juya wannan aikin ya zama abin sha'awa ga masu ruwa da yawa. A cikin Rasha, kusan kowace shekara, ana gudanar da gasa don sabbin kayan maye. Ana gudanar da bukukuwa iri ɗaya a ƙasashen Turai da Asiya da yawa. Ana sayar da mafi kyawun kifi a gwanjo. Kadai "amma": Sababbin siffofin da aka samo bazai iya watsa halayensu ga zuriyar ba.
Farashi
Kasuwar kiri-kiri ta kifin akwatin kifaye tana ba da zaɓi mafi girma na nau'ikan launuka da launuka iri na mollies ko, kamar yadda ake kiransu daidai kan lakabi da alamun farashi, kayan kwalliya. Ana sayar da kifin launuka masu sauƙi da na kowa a farashin 50 rubles. Farin ciki, ko "snowflake" ya riga ya fi tsada, zai biya 100-150 rubles. Da dai sauransu
Guppies, waɗanda masu siyarwa ba sa taɓa haɗuwa da wasu nau'ikan, kuma suna sayarwa azaman iri-iri masu zaman kansu, ɗauki farashi daga 90-100 rubles. Masu shayarwa da masu sayarwa masu zaman kansu suna neman ƙarami fiye da shaguna. Ba a san wanda ke da kyakkyawan samfuri ba, wanda kifin sa zai daɗe.
Farashin ƙarshe ya rinjayi launi, ƙari, manyan kifayen sun fi tsada. Girman kifin yana nuna ba kawai kuma ba ma yawan shekarun kamar yanayin kiyaye kifin. Masu kiwon kifin Aquarium suna kiyaye su cikin yanayi mai yawa. Tare da kiyayewa mai kyau kaɗai kifayen ke da damar haɓaka zuwa girman girman su.
