Gammarus crustacean. Bayani, fasali, nau'ikan rayuwa, mazaunin Gammarus

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Idan kuna da akwatin kifaye a gida, to kuna sane da menene gammarus. Mafi shaharar amfani dashi shine azaman busasshen abinci don kifi, kunkuru da katantanwa a cikin ruwan gida. Duk masunta har yanzu suna sane da ita, tunda galibi ana amfani da ita azaman kamun kifi don kamun kifi.

Gammarus - jinsi ne na dangin Gammarida na tsari na amphipods (heteropods). Wadannan dabbobi sun yadu sosai a doron kasa. Su masu saurin iyo ne, amma galibi ba sa ci gaba, amma a kaikaice tare da jerks ko tsalle.

Wani lokaci akwai wani suna don wannan ɓawon burodi - flea amphipod. Gwarzonmu yana da wasu sunaye da yawa, misali, mormysh. Daya daga cikin dabarun kamun kifi shi ake kira "Mormyshka" saboda kamanceceniya da wannan talikan.

Bayani da fasali

Gammarus crustacean babban mashahurin wakilin tawagarsa ne. Jikin wannan halittar yana da matattakala sosai. An lankwasa ta tare da harafin "C", an ɗan daidaita shi daga ɓangarorin, daga sama an cushe shi cikin harsashi mai ɗanɗano, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa 14.

Karapace shine rawaya mai haske ko launin toka-kore. Wani lokaci kuma akwai launi mai launin ja. Launi ya dogara da abincin dabba. Mai zurfi a ƙarƙashin ruwa, gabaɗaya ba su da launi. Baikal, akasin haka, yana da launuka daban-daban masu haske - a nan akwai launin shuɗi, da kore, da kuma inuwar jan hantsi, akwai kuma na motley. Saboda yanayin lankwasawar jikin a wurin ana kiransa da "hunchback".

Girman jikin da yafi kowa kusan cm 1. Ko da yake sun girma zuwa 3 cm ko fiye, idan sun rayu. An kawata kan ta da idanun fuskoki biyu masu nutsuwa kuma an haɗa su da ɓangaren farko na thoracic. Anan zaka iya ganin eriyar eriya-eriya guda biyu, tare da taimakon su "ya koya" duniyar da ke kewaye da shi.

Waɗannan su ne kayan aikinsa. Ofunƙun fari na farko sun girma zuwa sama, na biyu, sun fi guntu pairasa zuwa gaba. Kashi na bakwai na cephalothorax yana da alaƙar alaƙa da ciki; gill mai fasalin ganye yana a ƙasan ƙafafun gabanta. Ana samar musu da iska ta hanyar taimakon ruwa, kullun ana gyara su ta hanun kafa.

Ananan ɓangarorin kafaɗu a cikin adadin nau'i-nau'i biyu suna da ƙuƙumi, suna hidiman riƙe ganima, suna iya kare ko kai musu hari. Namiji tare da taimakonsu yana riƙe mace yayin saduwa. Ana amfani da ƙafafun ciki na gaba a cikin adadin nau'i-nau'i uku don iyo, an sanye su da gashi na musamman.

Legsafafun kafa, har ila yau, nau'i biyu, suna taimakawa tsalle cikin ruwa, ana jagorantar su da jela a hanya guda. Wannan adadin ƙafafun yana sanya shi saurin juyawa a cikin ruwa. Crustaceans suna motsawa tare da cirewar gefe ko jerks, suna taimakon kansu da ƙafafunsu, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiransu amphipods.

Koyaya, wannan sunan ba cikakke cikakke ba ne, tunda suna matsawa gefe ɗaya kawai a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙanci. A zurfin, suna iyo a cikin hanyar da aka saba, tare da bayan su sama. Ta hanyar lankwasawa da lankwasawa, suna daidaita yanayin motsi. Hakanan zasu iya rarrafe, kuma da sauri, misali, hawa kan tsirrai a cikin ruwa.

Duk amphipods suna dioecious. Mata suna da ƙaramin ruɓaɓɓen rami a kirjinsu don ƙyanƙyasar ƙwai a nan gaba. Ana kiransa "ɗakin taro" Maza kusan sun fi mata girma.

Gammarus a hoto ya zama marar lahani, kamar ƙaramin jatan lande, amma idan aka nuna shi a cikin rabo 1: 1. Kuma idan ka fadada hotonsa sau da yawa, zaka sami damuwa yayin kallon kamanninta. Wasu kyawawan dodo, zasu iya tsoratar da kowa. A hanyar, wani lokacin a cikin fina-finan ban tsoro na Yamma suna amfani da hoto mai girma na wannan kwalliyar don "kama abin da tsoro."

Irin

Gammarus ba jinsin jinsin bane, amma dukkanin jinsi ne. Tana da nau'ikan crustaceans sama da 200. Kuma ƙungiyar amphipods kanta tana da nau'ikan sama da 4500. A cikin Rasha, mafi yawan nau'in, kusan 270, suna zaune a cikin ruwayen yankin Baikal.

Lacustrine bocoplavs (barmashi ko hooters) suna rayuwa tsakanin tsire-tsire na bakin teku, yawanci a cikin ƙuƙuka da ciyayi. Launin jikinsu launin toka-kore ne. Hanyoyi ne masu mahimmanci a cikin tsarin yanayin yanayin Baikal. Tsarkakakkun umarnin bada ruwa.

A ƙarƙashin duwatsu a cikin ruwan bakin ruwa, zaku iya samun zulimnogammaruses na warty da shuɗi. Na farko yana da tsayin 2-3 cm, duhu mai duhu tare da ratsiyoyi masu ratsa jiki, matsattsun idanu, eriya-eriya sanye take da zobba masu launin baki da rawaya. Na biyu yana da girman 1-1.5 cm, tare da setae mai matukar yawa akan ɓangarori huɗu na ƙarshe. Launi launin toka-shuɗi.

Ampodods da ke rayuwa akan soso suna da ban sha'awa - parasitic brandtia, purple da ja-zulimnogammarus. Suna ciyar da wasu kwayoyin dake rayuwa akan soso. A cikin ruwan buɗewar Tafkin Baikal, macrogetopoulos na Branitsky yana rayuwa, yawan jama'a suna kiransa "Yur". Wannan shine kawai nau'in ruwan amphipod mai ruwan sanyi. Wannan ba, ba ƙasa ba, amma rayuwa a cikin rukunin ruwa. Kuma kaɗan game da amphipods, waɗanda ke cikin ruwan teku.

Dawakan sandu sune amphipod na ruwa waɗanda ke rayuwa kusa da bakin teku, kodayake wani lokacin ana iya ganin su a cikin buɗe teku. Jerin menu na waɗannan ƙananan crustaceans yana mamaye carrion, daga abin da suke ƙwazo tsarkake ruwan teku, wanda ke da fa'ida ƙwarai.

Ordungiyoyin waɗannan halittu masu aiki suna ma'amala da gawarwakin gawarwakin dabbobin teku. Dawakan da ke bakin teku suna rayuwa a ko'ina a bakin teku, inda ake zubar da ruwan teku da igiyar ruwa. Suna sanannu sosai, saboda suna gajiyawa ba tare da gajiyawa ba cikin garken sama.

Akwai amphipods waɗanda zasu iya cutar da tsarin mutum - dams, gadoji, madatsun ruwa. Wannan ita ce ƙwan ƙwan ƙwan ƙwana, wanda aka samo daga bakin tekun Amurka. Hakanan ana iya ganinsa a gabar Turai. Yana lalata gine-gine masu ƙarfi tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfi, yana jan su a kan duwatsu don yin wa kansa gida a cikin sifar silinda.

A ciki, yana manne da ƙugiyoyi a kan ƙafafunsa, kuma yana riƙewa. Nahon Neptune, wani na amphipods, ya fi girma, zai iya yin girma har zuwa cm 10. pairatattun idanuwa biyu da jiki mai haske sune sifofinsa.

Rayuwa da mazauni

An sami Gammarus kusan ko'ina, har ma a cikin tekun sanyi mai sanyi. Gidan sabo da ruwan danshi mai ban sha'awa daban-daban sune gidanta. Duk da cewa har yanzu itace mai dunƙule ko kuma ruwa mai ɗanɗano, tana cikin kowane ruwa, koda da ɗan ɗanɗano ne, muddin akwai iskar oxygen.

Akwai da yawa a cikin koguna, tabkuna, tafkuna. Theunƙusassun ɓawo ya taru a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, tsakanin yashi mai yashi ko tsakuwa, kusa da bakin teku. Kuna iya samun sa a ƙarƙashin itacen busasshe, bishiyoyin da suka faɗa cikin ruwa, ko kan ɓarna. Ya fi son wuraren inuwa inda yake da sanyi da kuma iska.

Matsakaicin yanayin zafin jiki a gare shi daga 0 zuwa 26 digiri Celsius. A cikin yankin ƙasar Rasha, mafi girman bambancin wannan wakilin ana lura dashi a Tafkin Baikal. Mormysh tana girma duk rayuwarta, sabili da haka tana zubewa koyaushe, ta watsar da tsohuwar kwasfa kuma ta sami sabuwa.

Wannan yana faruwa kowane mako yayin lokacin dumi. Bayan narkakiyar ta bakwai, fitowar lamel ya fito a kafafu na biyu ko na biyar a mata. Suna kafa ɗakin zama. Bayan canji na goma na kwasfa, mace ta balaga a cikin jima'i.

Bokoplav flea mazaunin mazaunin ruwa ne. Da rana, yana ƙoƙari ya ɓuya a wani wuri cikin ruwa a keɓantaccen wuri. Swim aiki da dare. Ya mutu idan akwai ɗan iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa. A ƙarshen kaka, crustacean ya huda cikin ƙasa kuma ya faɗa cikin damuwa. Tare da rashin isashshen oxygen, zai iya tashi sama ya sami gindin zama a gefen ciki na kankara.

Gina Jiki

Yana da wahala ayi magana game da abincin dabbobi, wanda shi kansa abinci ne. Ya yi ƙarami kaɗan cewa yakamata a rage tsarukan menu a cikin ƙananan ƙananan girma. Koyaya, idan kun dube shi, yana cin duk abin da ya shiga cikin tafkin. Abincin kawai ya zama ɗan "wari". Yafi son shuke-shuke da ganye waɗanda ba farkon fari ba.

Ganyayyaki masu lalacewa, ragowar duckweed da sauran tsire-tsire na ruwa - wannan shine babban abincinsa. Amma kuma yana iya cin mataccen kifi ko nama. A cikin akwatin kifaye, a shirye suke su ci nama. Kuma wannan ba shine iyaka ba. Suna iya cin ɗan uwansu.

Jaunƙunansu na haɗin bakunansu na sama suna da ƙarfi sosai wanda zasu iya niƙa zaren tarun kifin yayin da masu ɓawon burodi suka shiga shi tare da kifi. A cikin garken tumbi, amphipods suna iya afkawa mafi girman halitta, misali, tsutsotsi. Suna cin waɗannan tare da sauri, suna murkushe su gunduwa gunduwa. Gammarus yana da matukar fa'ida dangane da tsarkakewar ruwa, ingantaccen ruwa mai tsari.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Sake haifuwa a cikin tsaunuka masu yanayi yana faruwa sau da yawa yayin shekara guda ta rayuwa, a arewa - sau ɗaya kawai. Lokacin kiwo mafi aiki shine farkon farkon bazara. Maza masu fafatawa suna fafatawa sosai akan mata. Mafi girman namiji yayi nasara.

Ya yi tsalle a kan wanda ya zaɓa kuma ya zauna a bayanta, yana mai da kansa da ƙafafunsa na sama. Zasu iya zama a wannan matsayin na kimanin sati ɗaya. Duk wannan lokacin, namiji yana kiyayewa tare da taimakon farcensa. Mace tana narkar da ciki yayin saduwa. Abokiyar aikinta na taimaka mata a cikin wannan, cire tsohuwar kwasfa da ƙafarta da ƙafafu.

Bayan narkar da narkakkiyar nasara, namiji yakan ba ta takin daki, sannan ya bar mace. Ta sa ƙwai a cikin "ɗaki" da aka shirya. A can suke ci gaba. Crustacean ne ke samar musu da iskar oxygen, a koyaushe suna shan ruwa tare da ƙafafuwanta har zuwa gaɓar bakinsa, kuma a lokaci guda zuwa ɗakin kwanar.

Kwan ƙwai na crustacean suna sananne sosai, duhu, akwai kusan 30 daga cikinsu. Ci gaba ya ƙare a cikin yanayi mai ɗumi a cikin makonni 2-3, a yanayin sanyi - sau biyu. Cikakkun mutane sun fito daga ƙwai.

Yaran crustaceans sun bar gandun daji bayan sun fara aiki. Balaga na faruwa ne cikin watanni 2-3. Rayuwar wannan ɓawon burodi na watanni 11-12 ne. Koyaya, ƙila bazai iya rayuwa irin wannan ɗan gajeren ba. Kifi, 'yan amshi, tsuntsaye da kwari suna farautar ta sosai.

Wanene za'a iya ciyar dashi bushe Gammarus

Waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi ba makawa a matsayin abincin kifi. Hakanan ana amfani da su a masana'antun masana'antu - a masana'antar kifi da gonaki don noman kifin kasuwanci mai mahimmanci, misali, sturgeon, carp, trout. Suna kuma da mashahuri tare da masu san ruwa.

Suna amfani da crustaceans don ciyar da matsakaici da babban kifi. Wani lokacin lokacin siyan abinci suna tambaya shin zai yiwu gammarus ya kunkuru. Haka ne, nau'in kunkuru na cikin ruwa suna cin shi da dadi, ba za ku iya ciyar da shi da wannan ɓawon burodi shi kaɗai ba. Kuna buƙatar yin daidaitaccen abinci.

Ana amfani dashi azaman abincin ballast don tsarkake halittar kifin. Babban shahararsa saboda gaskiyar cewa gammarus ciyarwa mai matukar gina jiki. 100 g busasshen mormysh ya ƙunshi furotin 56.2%, mai 5.8%, 3.2% carbohydrates da yawan carotene.

Suna ƙoƙari kada su yi amfani da waɗannan ɓawon burodi a cikin yanayin rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun, saboda suna iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari. Sabili da haka, an daskarar da su, an sa su cikin iska, an yi amfani da tururi don kashe kwayoyin cuta. Gammarus farashin ya dogara da ƙarar marufi da nau'in abin aiki.

Misali, busassun busasshen mormysh a cikin shagon kan layi ana iya siyan don 320 rubles. don 0.5 kilogiram, jaka mai nauyin 15 g farashin 25 rubles. Kuma an niƙa a cikin jaka na 100 g - 30 rubles kowane. kowace jaka. * Gabaɗaya, masu siyarwa ne ke saita farashin, kuma suma sun dogara da rukunin da ranar ƙarewar. (* Farashi suna daga watan Yunin 2019).

Hakanan zaku iya ciyar da ƙananan kifi, kawai kuna ɗan sara wannan abincin. Waɗannan crustaceans ɗin ana ɗaukarsu manya don ƙananan dabbobi. Don tausasa harsashin chitinous, za ku iya jiƙa ɗan guntun ɗan gajeren a cikin ruwan zafi. Gammarus ana ba shi kifi da kunkuru sau 1-2 a mako.

Katantanwa - kowane kwana 2-3. Gammarus don katantanwa kafin tsarin ciyarwar, ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin abinci na musamman, mai ciyarwa ko kwano. An sanya shi ba murƙushewa, amma gaba ɗaya akan ganyen tsire-tsire. Kifi na iya kama abinci a kan tashi, kuma katantanwa suna da jinkiri sosai

Suna bukatar taimako. Tsaftace mai ba da abinci bayan ciyarwa, in ba haka ba za a ji ƙanshi mara daɗi. Da kuma kokarin cire ragowar da ragowar wadanda suka warwatse a kasa. Ba shi yiwuwa a gare su su lalace, dabbar dabbar kuma za a iya sanya mata guba. Gammarus da rai abinci ne na kunkuru mai kunnuwan kunnuwa, amma ana yin shi da ƙananan yawa.

Kama gammarus

Zuwa na gammarus na kifi zaka iya yi da kanka. Sanya tarin ciyawa ko reshen spruce a cikin ruwan bakin ruwa. Ba da daɗewa ba masu ɓawon burodi za su sami ciyarwa kuma su yi rarrafe a cikin tarin ciyawa. Fita "tarkon", saki, kuma zaka iya sake saukar dashi. Kama gammarus - ba shi da wahala, amma wahalarwa. Kuna iya kama shi ta hanyar raga ko wani zane mai ƙyalli.

A lokacin hunturu, ana tattara shi daga ƙananan saman kankara tare da tarko na musamman, wanda ake kira "haɗuwa", "trough", "kama". Ana iya adana shi kai tsaye, daskarewa da bushe. Don kiyaye shi da rai, sanya shi cikin kwano na ruwa daga asalin tafkinsa.

Sanya ƙasa da tsakuwa daga can kan ƙasan. Sanya akwati a wuri mai sanyi, mai duhu. Ya rage kawai don shirya wadataccen iskar oxygen. Kowace rana, dole a canza sulusin ruwa zuwa sabo. Zaku iya saka shi a cikin rigar mai danshi sannan ku sanya shi a ƙasan sashin firji. Ya kamata a wanke yarn a kullum. Zaka iya adana wannan har zuwa kwanaki 7.

Idan kun kama yawancin ɓawon burodi, ana ba da shawarar bushe su. Sababbin ɓawon burodi ne kawai ya kamata a bushe. Tsoma su a cikin ruwan zãfi a taƙaice kafin bushewa don kashe su. Kawai kar a dafa, dogon ɗaukar zuwa ruwan zafi zai rage ƙimar abincin abinci. An busar da Crustaceans a cikin sarari.

Wajibi ne don yada su a kan rigar wando don haka ana hura iska duka. Misali, shimfiɗa shi a kan ƙaramin firam. Ba za a iya bushewa a cikin tanda ko a rana ba. Kuma, ba shakka, kada ku bushe a cikin tanda obin na lantarki ko dai. Sai kawai a cikin inuwa, ta halitta. Busasshiyar gammarus za'a iya amfani dashi tsawon watanni 2-3. Don ajiyar lokaci mai tsawo, ana iya daskarar dasu.

Raba shi cikin rabo don cin abinci ɗaya, daskare a ƙananan ƙananan a zazzabi na -18-20 digiri. Irin wannan abincin ana ajiye shi na dogon lokaci, har zuwa shekara. Wani mutum ya kama waɗannan ɓawon burodin don kama manyan kifaye masu daraja a kansu. Akwai cikakkiyar kamun kifi ga waɗannan ɓawon burodi a tafkin Baikal. Ana kawo su da rai a cikin ganga zuwa tekun, a yanka ramuka a cikin kankara sannan a jefa cikin hannayensu cikin ruwa, suna jawo kifaye masu mahimmanci.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

  • Gwanin ɗanɗano na Gammarus ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarfi. Saboda haka, kar a bar yara kusa da buɗaɗɗen akwati wanda ke ƙunshe da wannan abincin. Idan kun lura cewa ƙaramin ƙaunataccen kifin yana da alamun rashin lafiyan, kada kuyi ƙoƙarin kawar da akwatin kifin nan da nan, Takeauki abinci na ɗan lokaci.
  • Gammarus crustacean ya ƙunshi carotene da yawa, don haka kifin, ciyar da shi, zai zama launuka masu haske. Amma kada ku zagi kuma ku ciyar da dabbobinku - kifi, kunkuru, katantanwa, kawai wannan abincin. Ya kamata menu ya zama cikakke kuma daidaitacce.
  • Akwai amphipods na parasitic a cikin yanayi. Sun bambanta a cikin cewa suna da kyakkyawan gani. Suna buƙatar wannan don su leƙo asirin kansu dabba mai dacewa - "maigidan". Yayin rayuwarsu, zasu iya canza shi sau da yawa.
  • Wasu amsoshi a tafkin Baikal suna da karancin wakilai maza fiye da na mata wanda yasa ake musu lakabi da "dwarf".
  • Saboda yanayin rashin tsari na jiki, ƙwayar cuta tana nuna sha'awa idan an kama shi a hannu. Yana juyawa a tafin hannunka kamar whirligig, yana kwance a gefenta.
  • Waɗannan ɓawon burodi suna iya tsallewa daga ginshiƙin ruwa har zuwa tsayi na 100 sau girmansu.
  • Akwai gourmets a cikin yanayin ruwa waɗanda ke matukar son gammarus, suna ɗaukar sa a matsayin abin ci kuma idan zai yiwu, ku ci shi kawai. Wannan kifin kifi ne. Idan kun ɗauki waɗannan ɓawon burodi tare da su don kifi don kifi, za a tabbatar da kama kifi mai kyau!

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Kalli bidiyon: Fly Tying Garden Worm - AP Fly Tying (Nuwamba 2024).