Kadanganun na yau da kullun suna jan hankalin masoya na musamman tare da damar su ta ban mamaki, hasken launi, rashin wayewa a kiyaye yanayin. Saboda kwarkwata yakan zama dabbar dabba, kodayake tsutsa masu ban sha'awa da kyankyaso sune abincinsu.
Nazarin dabbobi masu rarrafe cike yake da abubuwan ban al'ajabi. Yanayi ya baiwa kananan kadangaru wasu dabaru masu ban mamaki, wanda ɗan adam ke gabatowa kawai a cikin ƙarni na 21.
Bayani da fasali
Abubuwan da ke tattare da gecko suna canzawa dangane da yanayin rayuwa. An rufe rariyar da kananan faranti, wasu daga cikinsu suna da girma. Fatar kadangare mai laushi ce kuma mai saurin lalacewa. Ana shirya ma'aunin bazuwar, wani lokacin sukan samar da layuka, akwai tsarin tayal, kama da kifi.
Alamar launin launi ta bambanta, an cika shi da launuka masu haske - rawaya, ja, kore, shuɗi. Tsarin kamanni tare da ratsi da dige. Wasu nau'ikan suna iya ɓoye kansu daga masu farauta ta hanyar canza inuwar fatar da gwaninta yadda ba za a iya lura da ƙadangancin a cikin yanayin da yake tsaye ba.
Don haka, launin dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin hamada ruwan-kasa-kasa-kasa-kasa, wanda ke ba geckos damar hadewa da muhallin, don bayyana mara ganuwa daga nesa. Masu rarrafe da ke rayuwa tsakanin duwatsu suna da launi mai launin toka mai launin toka-toka. Green gecko Sanya kamanni kamar ɗanɗano mai ƙanshi, gansakuka.
Launin karfe na kadangaru yana kwaikwayon inuwar itaciyar itaciya. Colorsananan launuka masu rarrafe suna haɗuwa da shuke-shuke masu furanni. Baƙin farautar baƙar fata yana farauta da daddare - kusan mawuyacin ganin sa ne, godiya ga launin sake kamani. Launi ya canza kamar yadda yanayin jiki ya canza ko ya danganta da lokacin rana.
Dangane da launin jiki, launin idanun dabbobi masu rarrafe suna canzawa. Cikakken launi mai launi yana ba da damar ganin masu farauta daga nesa mai nisa, yana da kyau a farauta, ana rarrabe abubuwa masu rai dare da rana. Idanun gecko suna da girma dangane da girman kai.
Lumshe ido tayi bata. Bawo mai motsi da dogon harshe wanda dabbar ke cire tarin kura da diga-shara suna taimaka wajan tsaftace datti. Arealiban suna tsaye. A cikin haske mai haske, suna kama da tsattsauran tsaga, da dare - buɗe oval.
A kan babban harshe, akwai ƙarami a gaba. An rufe gabobin da ƙananan papillae don riƙe ganima. Hakoran dabbobi suna da kaifi. Matsa muƙamuƙi na jaw ba shi yiwuwa a kwance don kar a lalata su.
Dabbobi suna da ingantaccen igiyar murya, ikon yin sautuka waɗanda ke tare da rayuwarsu ta aiki. Muryoyin nau'ikan ƙadangare iri-iri suna kama da yadda ake yin kwadi, da kukan tsuntsaye. Dabbobi na yin kara, suna kaɗawa. Musamman manyan sautuna suna haɗuwa da lokacin saduwa na kadangaru.
Lokacin da gecko ya fusata, sai ya kumbura sosai, ya buɗe babban bakinsa, ya yi kururuwa, kuma ya yi ihu mai ban tsoro. Kadan daga cikin hare-hare ga makiya yana nuna niyyar kai harin.
Tsayin jikin dabbobi masu rarrafe ya fara daga 15 zuwa 35 cm, yayin kiyaye duk abubuwan da ke cikin kwarangwal, gabobin da ake kira geckos. Tare da dukkanin nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe, kadangaru suna da fasali irin na yau da kullun:
- babban kai;
- jiki mai laushi;
- gajeren kafafu;
- wutsiya na matsakaiciyar tsayi
Kowane gecko a cikin hoton, idan kun lura da kyau, zai dogara ga ƙafafu tare da yatsu biyar masu faɗi da juna. An rufe ɓangaren kafa na ƙyalƙyali tare da ƙazamar lamellas saboda ƙadangare yana riƙe da kowane farfajiya.
Kowane haƙarƙari yana ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa, wanda ya ƙunshi zaren 400-1000. Bayyanawa ga farfajiya yana faruwa a matakin kwayar halitta. Gecko ba zai fadi ba, koda kuwa ya rataye a kafa daya na Velcro. Wani fasali mai mahimmanci shine tsabtace farantin kai, wanda har yanzu masana kimiyya basuyi nazarin shi ba. Yanayin wannan abin mamakin ne.
Fibananan ƙwayoyin cuta, sau 10 sun fi na mutum nauyi, bisa ga ƙarfin van der Waals suna bin goyan baya, har ma da santsi kamar madubi. Kayan fasahar nanotechnology a cikin tsarin kafafun kadangaru yana basu damar motsawa tare da rufi, gilashi, bangon a tsaye.
Jikin karamin dabbobi masu rarrafe ya zama maɓuɓɓugar nazarin halittu, ta danna ƙafafun kadangarun zuwa shimfidar ƙasa. Tare da nasa nauyin 50 g, gecko zai iya ɗaukar nauyin 2 kilogiram a ƙafafunsa ba tare da ƙoƙari sosai ba.
Skillswarewa ta musamman ta mazaunan wurare masu zafi an samo su ne yayin juyin halittar dabbobi masu rarrafe, waɗanda yawancin masu kama da dabbobi ke farautar su. Hadadden tsarin kafafu ya bayyana a cikin sunan dabbobi, wanda ake fassara da "yatsun yatsa".
Wutsiyar gecko alama ce ta lafiyarta. Haɗuwa da mai yana ba shi kauri, elasticity. Hannayen jari na baka damar tsira da lokutan wahala - sanyi da rashin abinci. Wata siririyar wutsiya tana nuna ƙarancin dabbar da ba ta karɓar ruwa na dogon lokaci, abinci cikin isasshen ƙarar.
Sauke wutsiya gwargwado ne na tilas, dabbar ta rasa wani bangare na jikinta cikin hadari, amma tsarin sake haihuwa ya fara - sabo ya girma. Na'urar keɓaɓɓiyar ma'ana ita ce batun nazari ga masu sha'awar koyon ilmin dabbobi, tun da ba a warware duk wata ɓoyayyiyar ƙananan halittu ba tukuna.
Irin
Zungiyoyin ƙere-ƙere na Vertebrate sun haɗu da babban iyali na jinsi 80, nau'ikan 600. Sun banbanta cikin sifa, launi, girma, mazauni. Yawancin nau'ikan sun zama sanannun don kiyaye gida.
Gecko yana gudana. Dabbobi masu rarrafe na wurare masu zafi sune ainihin gwarzo a tsakanin waɗannan halittu. Tsawon jikin mutum baligi ya kai 35-36 cm, nauyi 150-300 g. Ya samo sunan daga kukan "to-ki", "to-kei". Launin haske na maza shine mafi sau da yawa zaitun tare da fararen fata, ratsi.
A ƙarƙashin yanayi na ɗabi'a, igiyoyin ruwa masu launin shuɗi tare da lemu mai launin ruwan toka ko na rawaya suna gama gari. Homelandasar wannan nau'in ita ce gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, tuddai na Indiya, Kudancin China, Cambodia.
Adana igiyoyin ruwa a cikin farfajiyar yana buƙatar isasshen sarari da ingantaccen abinci. Tsawan rayuwar dabbar gidan dabbobi ya dogara da mahimman abubuwa. Kulawar da ta dace za ta samar da igiyar ruwa har tsawon shekaru 10-12.
Gecko ba dabba ba ne mai son saduwa a cikin sadarwa. Koyaushe yana kiyaye tsaro akan lamba - maganarsa, buɗe bakinsa, yana nuna shirin cizon sa. Dabba mai saurin tashin hankali, mai saurin fushi ga baƙi. Tana zanga-zangar da babbar murya.
Gano ruwa. Kyakkyawan launi, sikeli masu sihiri suna da kyau ga masoya na musamman. Amma aikin dare yana hana yaduwar kadangaru kamar dabbobin gida. A dabi'a, suna haƙa rami mai zurfi, har zuwa mita 1, a yankuna masu yashi na Iran da Kazakhstan.
Matsakaicin matsakaici - tsayin jiki kimanin 10 cm, nauyi 20-24 g. Idanu suna haske da dare tare da koren launi ko jan yaƙutu suna birgewa. Faranti masu laushi masu rufe fata, kamar paraffin, launin ruwan hoda-launin toka ana sanya shi tare da yatsun kore, za a iya samun ratsi mai duhu, tabo a gefuna, ta baya. Wata karamar wutsiya yayin motsa gecko koyaushe madaidaiciya ce a cikin kirtani kuma ana ɗaga shi. Lizamomi suna gudu da sauri, suna ɗauke da jikinsu bisa dogayen ƙafa biyar masu ƙafa.
Damisa da damisa (eublefar). Sananne kuma ƙaunataccen zardadangare tsakanin masanan kimiyya da yawa. Abun ciki mara daɗi, juriya, launuka iri-iri, ƙwarewar ilmantarwa daga dabbobi masu rarrafe suna motsa sha'awar su.
Launi na iya zama ba tare da tabo ba, akwai bambance-bambancen albinos, tabarau na tangerine, tare da wutsiyar karas da sauran nau'ikan. Wani fasali mai mahimmanci: Gwaggon damisa da wuya ya ciji. Sadarwa da yara na buƙatar sarrafawa, kamar a cikin yanayi na damuwa, kadangaru suna zubar da wutsiyoyi kuma suna nuna ta'adi.
A cikin rayuwa gecko eublefar samu a cikin sahara mai zafi na Iran, Indiya, Afghanistan. Rayuwa mai rai ta hanyar kwarkwata, kyankyasai, beraye suna ba da buƙatun dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Garkuwa mai sarƙaƙƙiya. Wani fasali na dabbobi masu rarrafe shine farkawa da rana, ƙarami kaɗan - tsayin jiki har zuwa cm 9. Yawancin wutsiya sun shagaltar da su. Launin da ba a rubuce ba, launuka masu launin toka-kore mai launin toka, yana taimakawa kamewa a cikin yanayin.
Suna zaune cikin garken tumaki, dangi. Mai saurin girgizawa, mai saurin kamawa, kyawawan mafarauta don kananan kwari. A cikin bauta sun yi kiwo da kyau, suna nuna abokantaka idan sun ji lafiya. A dabi'a, suna hawa bishiyoyi. An samo shi a cikin savannas na Afirka.
Gano na bananoed (gashin ido). Sunan da yake magana yana nuna manyan sifofin kadangaru - jaraba da ayaba da sauran fruitsa fruitsan itace, kasancewar ƙayatattun siffofin sama da idanuwa. Mazaunin katako mai matsakaici - 20-22 cm a tsayi.
Kan yana da triangular. Sikeli masu taushi kamar suturar fata ne. Tsarin launi ya bambanta, akwai launin toka, lemu, ja, launuka masu launin rawaya, gwargwadon yanayin dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Ko da yaro zai iya kula da kulawar gida na dabbar mai cin ayaba. Yanayin kawai shine kulawa da dabba a hankali, wanda zai iya rasa jelarsa har abada, ba kamar sauran nau'ikan da ke haifar da wani sashi na jiki ba.
Gwago Madagascar. Duk da sunan, mazaunin kadangaru ya fadada zuwa tsibirin da ke makwabtaka da Madagascar - Comoros, Seychelles, Hawaiian. Yankin bakin teku yana da kwanciyar hankali ga dabbobi masu rarrafe da ke zaune a kan bishiyoyin kwakwa ko bishiyar ayaba. Babban zafi yana samar da yanayi na narkewar dabbobi na al'ada.
Uniquewarewa ta musamman na mazauna suna bayyana a cikin canjin launi na kaya a cikin hasken rana, inuwa, magariba. Launin kore mai haske ya canza zuwa zaitun mai duhu, launin toka. Haske mai tsanani yana ba da alamar lemun tsami.
Wani lokaci ana ganin kamar haske ne ke kewaye kadangarun - wannan inuwar tana bayyana a kafafu da kuma gefen jelar gecko tare da gefen gefuna. Dabbobi masu rarrafe sukan bayyana a cikin birane, suna zama a wasu gine-gine.
Gwago mai yalwar ganye (shaidan). Yana da matukar wahala ka lura da wata halitta mai rai a cikin yanayin yanayi - kadangaru suna kama da ganyen da suka fadi a sifar jikinsu da launin su. Sizearami kaɗan, tsayin jiki har zuwa 14 cm, wutsiya mai kama da ganye tare da raƙuman ruwa, rashin daidaito, samfuri a cikin hanyar jijiyoyin-jijiyoyin jiki yana ba da damar haɗuwa da mazaunin ƙasa. Launi daga launin toka-kore zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ya cika hoton ganye da ya faɗi.
Fitowa sama da idanun ƙadangaren suna bashi ɗan kallo mai tsoratarwa. Suna kiyaye manyan idanu daga rana ta hanyar samar da inuwa. Lizards suna nuna aikin dare saboda kyakkyawan hangen nesa, wanda da daddare ya ninka mutum sau 350.
Gano na Baturke. Smallananan dabba gama gari a Isra'ila. Ya bambanta a cikin fatar mai haske, an rufe shi da sikeli masu nauyi. Launi ba shi da tabbas - m, lemu mai haske tare da watsa wuraren duhu. Sau da yawa yakan zauna a cikin gidajen ƙauyuka.
A gida, ba shi da da'a, mai son zaman jama'a. Idan ka kalli gecko daga ƙasa ta cikin gilashin, za ka ga duk tsarinsa ta hanyar fata mai haske.
Ribbon gecko. Mazaunin Americanan canjin Amurka, hamada mai duwatsu. Lizan ƙasa tana da launi mai raɗaɗi, ko ɗamara tare da launuka masu launin rawaya da launuka launin ruwan kasa masu duhu. Geckos ƙanana ne a cikin girma, tsayin 8-15 cm. Sun kasance cikin rukuni wanda ya kunshi maza da mata da yawa. Suna ɓoye a tsakanin duwatsu, suna ciyar da ƙananan ƙwari.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Masu rarrafe masu sanyi-jini sun fi son wuraren zama inda matsakaicin zafin yau da kullun baya sauka ƙasa da 25 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci ga gecko ya kula da ayyuka cikin dare, tunda yawancin jinsin suna farauta cikin duhu kuma suna tafiyar da rayuwa ta maraice.
Yawancin mutane masu rarrafe suna zaune a yankuna nahiyoyi tare da yanayin zafi da na wurare masu zafi, gami da tsibirin teku, a duniya. Kuna iya saduwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe a wurare masu bushewa, hamada mai zafi na Afirka, dajin Australia, a kudu maso yammacin Amurka.
A kasar mu kadangaru gecko yana rayuwa ne a yankunan dazuzzuka da tsaunuka na Caucasus, yankin tsibirin Kirimiya. Halin halayyar dabbobi masu rarrafe shine alaƙar su da yanayin yankin su - nau'in ƙasa, ciyayi, nau'ikan duwatsu.
Yawancin kadangaru sun fi son bishiyoyi masu tsayi, saman dutsen, gangaren kan ruwa, kogwan dutse. A cikin yanayin yanayi, geckos suna zaune ne a cikin yankuna, inda kowane ɗayan yake da yankinsa, wanda ƙadanganin yake kiyaye shi. Geckos sun sami nasarar daidaitawa don zama a gida, suna riƙe da babban aiki da ikon haifuwa tare da kulawa mai kyau da ciyarwa.
Gina Jiki
Gecko dabba ce mai saurin farauta. Kowace rana, dabbar tana ciyarwa sosai don adana kuzari, don sanya mai mai mai a cikin wutsiya a lokacin wahala. Abincin dabbobi masu rarrafe yana da bambancin gaske, ya danganta da mazaunin. Predananan masu farauta su ne manyan mafarauta. Harshe mai fadi yana sanye da kofuna masu ɗaukewa da yawa don riƙe wanda aka azabtar da shi amintacce.
Yawancin nau'in abinci mai gina jiki sun dogara ne akan:
- midges daban-daban;
- kwari;
- cicadas na wurare masu zafi;
- tsutsa;
- kwari, ciyawa, kyankyasai, beetles
Zananan kadangaru suna cin abinci a kan kunama, wani lokacin kwaɗi, ƙananan macizai, ɓeraye, kajin da ƙwai tsuntsaye daga cikin gidajen. A cikin kogo, kadangaru suna farautar kyankyasai da ke tara kayan kwando.
Ilimin hankali na halitta yana nuna geckos don tarawa a cikin tsammanin farauta kusa da fitilun da ke haskakawa kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Kwarin da ke yawo cikin haske cikin sauki su zama ganima ga kadangaru. Abincin geckos na gida ya zama matsakaici. Al’ada ce ciyar da kadangaru masu matsakaita sau biyu a mako. Manyan mutane ba su da yawa.
Yawancin dabbobi sun fi son abinci mai rai - ƙuda, tsutsotsi, kyankyasai. Ciyar da kwari daga shagon dabbobi suna hade da sinadarin kasa da sinadaran ma'adanai don dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wasu nau'ikan suna cin abinci akan ayaba, lemu, qwai quail. Ya kamata kadangaru su sami ruwa a hanyarsu ta ci gaba.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Mata na balaga da jima'i bayan shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Geckos suna shirye don kiwo kowace shekara, kodayake ayyukansu suna raguwa a cikin watanni na hunturu. Yawancin jinsunan kadangare suna da kwalliya, amma koren ciyawa (New Zealand) mai raɗaɗi. Dabbar tana kiwon yara, waɗanda suka bayyana a shirye don rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Fasali na mazaunin yana shafar yanayin ɗiyan.
Cakuda na ƙwai sun fi fitowa sau da yawa a cikin ramin itace, suna mannewa da itacen. Qwai suna cikin siffar wani yanki na duniya. Wata mace tana yin kama 5-8 na ƙwai 2-4 a tsakanin tsakanin kwanaki 15-40. Yanayin yanayi yana shafar lokacin shiryawa - daga watanni 3 zuwa 7.
Mata da kyar suke komawa gida don yin dumi ga zuriya. Wasu lokuta mutane daban-daban suna yin ƙwai a wuri guda, manta da su. Babu haɗin mahaifa tare da maruƙan da suka bayyana. Kama lokacin da mace ke tare da zuriyar lamari ne mai matukar wuya.
Sha'anin cin ƙananan geckos sun fi na kowa - ilhamar mafarautan ta fi ƙarfin iyaye. Zungiyoyin kadangaru a cikin terrarium suna ci gaba da sauri, ba tare da matsanancin zafin jiki ba, jigilar cutar ta ƙare bayan kwanaki 134. Yana da mahimmanci a ciyar da mace da alli don kar ta cinye ƙwan ƙwai.
A ƙarshen lokacin shiryawar, zai fi kyau a canza abubuwa tare da manne masu kama zuwa wani akwati dabam don kare ƙyanƙyashe ƙurarrun dabbobi daga iyayensu mafarautan. Rumanƙan da aka ƙyanƙyashe ba su da tsayi 8-10 kaɗai, amma a shirye suke don farautar ƙananan ƙwari, ƙananan ƙukutu. A dabi'a, geckos yana rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 15. Gyaran gida mai kyau ya tsawaita rayuwarsu zuwa shekaru 20-25.
Kulawa da gida
Tsarin terrarium ya dogara da nau'in dabbar gidan dabbobi. Tsayawa geckos ba shi da matsala, amma yana buƙatar yin la'akari da abubuwan da suka dace da mazauninsu. Kadangaru masu katako suna buƙatar akwati na tsaye. Mazaunan hamada, tuddai - tafki a kwance. Dole ne a kula sosai don kiyaye murfin matattara ga terrarium, yayin da dabbobi masu rarrafe ke tafiya da kyau a bango da rufin.
Nau'in itacen Woody suna buƙatar rassa, rassan masu kauri, ɓangaren baƙan ciki, tsire-tsire waɗanda zaku iya gina akwatin gida daga su. Kadanganun bayyane suna buƙatar duwatsu don tsari, lullubi mai kauri na yashi, yashi, wanda kadangaru ke yin ramuka a ciki.
Duk geckos suna buƙatar kwandon ruwa. Don jin daɗin rayuwa, yana da mahimmanci don shirya fitilu, samun iska, da zaɓi ƙasa mai dacewa. Tushen da ke jan danshi da kyau ya dace. Matsakaicin yanayi a cikin terrarium yakamata ya kasance kusa da mazaunin asalin dabba dangane da yanayin zafin jiki, zafi, haske.
A cikin shagunan dabbobi zaku iya siyan wuraren zama da ake buƙata, na'urori don nau'ikan geckos daban-daban - fitilu don dumama, haske, haskakawar iska, gidajen, ƙetaren giya da sauran kayan aiki. Ba lallai ba ne don ƙirƙirar yanayin hunturu na geckos na cikin gida, kuma kayan aikin ɗakunan ruwa don narkewar da ya dace ya zama dole.
Yanayin rayuwa, ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki yana shafar lafiyar, rayuwar rayuwar dabbar dabba. Adadin abincin da kuke ci ya dogara da girma da nau'in gecko. Za'a iya siyan keɓaɓɓun abinci a shirye, ba lallai bane ku sami kyankyasai masu rai da crickets da kanku.
Sadarwa tare da dabbar har sai lokacin daidaitawar ya wuce ya zama mai da hankali. Ba za ku iya riƙewa ba, ja gecko ta wutsiya. Damuwa ga dabba ta ƙare tare da asarar ɓangaren jiki.
Sabuwar wutsiyar ba ta da kyau sosai, kuma wasu jinsunan ba su sake dawo da ita ba. Cizon ɗan gecko mai cike da fushi ba shi da daɗi sosai - riƙewar muƙamuƙin yana da ƙarfi, yana da wuya cewa zai iya yiwuwa a kwance su. Dole ne mu jira har dabbar ta sassauta rikon da ke kanta.
Farashi
Kudin dabbobi masu rarrafe ya bambanta sosai dangane da shaharar jinsi, shekaru, da girmar dabbar. Yakamata masu mallakar farko su gano da wanne daga cikin maƙwabta a cikin terrarium zaku iya ajiye dabbar gidan, idan yakamata ya zama kamfanin dabbobi ne. Wasu lokuta sukan sayi wasu kadangaru a lokaci ɗaya da fatan zuriya.
Gwanin gida a kan matsakaita yana kashe 5-7 dubu rubles. Sayen dabbobin gida ba zai kunyata ba idan kun je shago na musamman, maimakon haɗarin sayan sa a kan layi. Thearamar rayuwar dabba wacce ba a saba da ita gaba ɗaya ta dogara da mai shi, don haka kuna buƙatar kusanci sayan gecko da gaske.
