Dabbar dabbar, wanda aka san shi da zubar da jini, ba da gangan ake yi wa lakabi da shaidan. Sanarwar farko da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa mazaunin Tasmaniya ba shi da daɗi sosai - ihun dare, mai firgitarwa, ta'addancin halittun da ba sa jin daɗinsu ya zama tushen labarin tatsuniya game da ikon sihiri na mai farautar.
Shaidan Tasmaniyya - wani ban mamaki mazaunin ƙasar Ostiraliya, wanda karatunsa ke ci gaba har zuwa yau.
Bayani da fasali
Dabba mai shayarwa mai tsayi tare da tsayi na ƙaramin kare mai tsawon 26-30 cm. Jikin dabbar yana da tsawon 50-80 cm, yana da nauyin kilogiram 12-15. Jiki yana da ƙarfi. Maza sun fi mata girma. A ƙafafun gaba akwai yatsun kafa biyar, huɗu waɗanda suke madaidaiciya, na biyar kuma a gefe, don kamewa da riƙe abinci sosai.
A ƙafafun bayan baya, sun fi guntu da na gaba, yatsan farko ya ɓace. Tare da kaifin faratan, dabbar cikin sauƙin hawaye yadudduka da fatu.
Cikakken cikar waje da rashin daidaituwa na ƙafafun ba su haɗuwa da saurin kuzari da saurin mai farauta. Wutsiya gajera ce. Ta wurin yanayinta, mutum na iya yin hukunci da lafiyar dabbar. Wutsiya tana adana mai idan akwai lokacin yunwa. Idan mai kauri ne, an rufe shi da ulu mai kauri, ana nufin mai cin abincin yana da abinci sosai, cikin cikakkiyar lafiya. Wutsiyar sirara mai sirara gashi, kusan tsirara, alama ce ta rashin lafiya ko yunwar dabba. Jakar mata tana kama da lankwasasshen fata.
Kan yana da girman girma dangane da jiki. Mafi karfi a cikin dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, muƙamuƙin ya dace da saurin karya ƙasusuwa. Tare da cizon daya, dabbar tana iya murkushe kashin bayan wanda aka azabtar. Kunnuwa kanana ne, masu kalar ruwan hoda.
Doguwa da dogon baki, jin ƙamshi yana ba da damar gano wanda aka azabtar tsakanin kilomita 1. Kaifin hangen nesa koda da daddare ne yake sanya a gano karamin motsi, amma yana da wahala ga dabbobi su rarrabe abubuwa mara motsi.
Guntun gashin dabba baƙar fata ne, fararen launuka masu siffa mai tsayi suna kan kirji, sacrum. Wasu lokuta ana ganin tabon wata da ƙananan peas daga ɓangarorin. Ta hanyar bayyana Shaidan Tasmaniyya dabba ce kama da karamin bear. Amma suna da kyan gani kawai yayin hutawa. Don rayuwa mai aiki da ke firgita mazaunan Ostiraliya, ba a kira dabbar shaidan ba da gangan.
Mazaunan Tasmania sun daɗe ba su iya tantance yanayin sautunan da ke fitowa daga zafin nama. Heearfafawa, juyawa zuwa tari, mummunan haɗari ana danganta shi ga sojojin duniya. Saduwa da dabba mai tsananin tashin hankali, fitar da kuwwa mai tsauri, ya yanke hukuncin yadda ake nuna masa.
Tsananin zalunci na masu farauta tare da guba da tarko sun fara, wanda kusan ya haifar da halakar su. Naman marsupials ya zama abin ci, kwatankwacin naman maroƙi, wanda ya hanzarta kawar da kwaro. By 40s na karni na karshe, dabba ya kusan lalata. Bayan matakan da aka dauka, an dawo da talakawa, duk da cewa har yanzu adadin na fuskantar sauyi mai karfi.
Wata barazanar ga shaidanun ta wata mummunar cuta ce, wacce ta tafi da fiye da rabin jama'ar ta farkon karni na 21. Dabbobi suna da saukin kamuwa da annoba ta cutar kansa, daga inda fuskar dabba take kumbura.
Aljannu suna mutuwa da wuri saboda yunwa. Har yanzu ba a san dalilai, hanyoyin magance cutar ba. Zai yiwu a ceci dabbobi ta hanyar ƙaura, kadaici. A cikin Tasmania, masana kimiyya suna aiki kan matsalar ceton yawan jama'a a cibiyoyin bincike na musamman.
Irin
Tasmaniyanci (Tasmaniyanci) an san shi a matsayin babban dabba mai cin nama a duniya. A karo na farko, an tsara bayanin kimiyya a farkon karni na 19. A cikin 1841, dabbar ta sami sunan ta na zamani, ta shiga cikin rukunin ƙasashen duniya a matsayin kawai wakilin gidan dangin ɓarnatarwar Australia.
Masana kimiyya sun nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin shaidan Tasmani da mai martaba, ko marsupial marten. Ana iya gano alaƙa mai nisa tare da dangin da suka mutu - thylacin, ko kerk maci marsupial. Shaidaniyan Tasmania shine kadai jinsin halittar sa ta Sarcophilus.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Da zarar mai farauta ya zauna cikin ƙasar Ostiraliya kyauta. Yanayin ya ragu a hankali saboda sake tsugunar da karnukan dingo da ke farautar shaidan na Tasmanian. Bature ya fara ganin mai farauta a Tasmania, jihar Ostiraliya mai wannan sunan.
Har zuwa yanzu, ana samun dabbar marsupial ne kawai a waɗannan wuraren. Mazauna yankin ba tare da jinƙai ba sun yi yaƙi da wanda ya lalata gidajen kaji har zuwa lokacin da aka dakatar da lalata dabbobin marsupia.
Shaidan Tasmani yana zaune tsakanin makiyayan tumaki, a cikin savannas, a cikin yankuna na wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. Masu farauta suna guje wa yankunan da ba kowa, wuraren da aka gina. Aikin dabba yana bayyana ne da yamma kuma da daddare, da rana dabbar na hutawa a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa, ramuka da mutane ke zaune, a cikin raƙuman dutse. Ana iya samun macen da ke lalata da ciyawa a rana a cikin rana mai kyau.
Shaidan din Tasmaniyan yana iya haye kogi mai fadin mita 50, amma yana yin hakan ne kawai idan ya zama dole. Matasa masu farauta suna hawa bishiyoyi, yana da wahala jiki ga tsofaffin mutane. Wannan lamarin yana da mahimmanci a matsayin hanyar tsira lokacin da masu saurin lalata suka bi ci gaban matasa. Aljannu ba sa haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi, suna rayuwa su kaɗai, amma ba sa rasa alaƙa da mutanen da ke da alaƙa, tare suna yanka babbar ganima.
Kowace dabba tana rayuwa ne a wani yanki mai matukar sharadin, kodayake ba a yiwa alama ba. Unguwanni sau da yawa suna haɗuwa. Ana samun ramin dabbobi a tsakanin ciyayi masu yawa, ciyawar ciyawa, a cikin kogwan dutse. Don kara aminci, dabbobi suna zama a matsugunai 2-4, waɗanda ake amfani dasu koyaushe, kuma ana basu sabbin tsararrun shaiɗanu.
Shaidan marsupial yana da halin tsafta mai ban mamaki. Yana lasar kansa sosai, har sai warin gaba daya ya gushe, wanda ke hana farauta, har ma ya wanke fuskarsa. Tare da dunkule-dunkulen dunkule a cikin leda, dibo ruwa kuma yana wanke fuska da nono. Shaidan Tasmaniyyakama yayin aikin ruwa, akan hoto da alama dabba ce mai tabawa.
A cikin kwanciyar hankali, mai farautar yana da jinkiri, amma yana cikin haɗari da sauri, wayar da ba ta sabawa ba, yana hanzarta gudu har zuwa kilomita 13 / h, amma a kan tazara kaɗan. Tashin hankali yana tayar da dabbar Tasmania, kamar skunks, don fitar da wari mara daɗi.
Dabba mai zafin rai tana da 'yan ƙalilan makiya. Haɗarin yana wakiltar tsuntsayen ganima, marsupial martens, dawakai da, hakika, mutane. Dabbar ba ta auka wa mutane ba tare da dalili ba, amma ayyukan tunzurawa na iya haifar da tashin hankali. Duk da tsananin tashin hankali, ana iya narkar da dabbar, juya daga dabba zuwa dabba.
Gina Jiki
Shaidanu na Tasmaniyya an lasafta su a matsayin masu komai, masu yawan ci da ci. Girman abincin yau da kullun kusan 15% na nauyin dabba, amma dabba mai yunwa na iya cinyewa zuwa 40%. Abincin shine gajere, koda yawancin abinci yana cin marsupials a cikin fiye da rabin sa'a ba. Kukan shedan Tasmaniyanci sifa ce mai mahimmanci ta yankan farauta.
Abincin ya dogara ne akan kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, kwari, da dabbobi masu rarrafe. A gefen ruwan jikin ruwa, maharan sun kama kwaɗi, beraye, sun ɗauki kifin kifi, kifi da aka jefa a kan ruwa. Shaidan din Tasmaniya ya isa kowane faɗuwa. Ba zai bata kuzarin farautar kananan dabbobi ba.
Samun ƙamshi yana taimakawa wajen binciken matattun tunkiya, shanu, zomayen daji, berayen kangaroo. Abincin da aka fi so - wallaby, mahaifan mahaifa. Cararmar lalacewa, rubabben nama tare da tsutsotsi ba sa damuwa da masu cin nama. Baya ga abincin dabbobi, dabbobi ba sa jinkirta cin tubers, Tushen, 'ya'yan itacen marmari.
'Yan damfara suna daukar ganimar marsupial martens, suna karbar ragowar idin sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. A cikin tsarin halittu na yankuna, masu yawo da hankali suna taka rawar gani - suna rage haɗarin yaduwar kamuwa da cuta.
Dabbobin da suka ninka sau da yawa girma - girman tumaki, kangaroos, wani lokacin sukan zama masu cutar aljannu. Energyarfin ƙarfi yana ba ka damar jimre wa babban maƙiyi, amma rauni.
Lalatar shaidanun aljanu a cikin cin ganima abin lura ne. Suna haɗiye komai, gami da gutsuttsun kayan ɗamara, tsare, tags na filastik. A cikin najasar dabbar, an sami tawul, takalman wando, jeans, filastik, kunun masara, abin wuya.
Hotuna masu ban tsoro na cin ganima suna tare da bayyanar zalunci, kukan namun daji. Masana kimiyya sunyi rikodin sautuna daban-daban guda 20 da aka yi a cikin sadarwar shaixanu. Hayaniya mai ban tsoro, rikice-rikicen tsari suna biye da abincin shaidan. Ana iya jin idin waɗanda ke cin abincin daga nisan kilomita da yawa.
A lokutan fari, mummunan yanayi, yunwa, dabbobin suna ceton dabbobi ta wutsiya, wanda ke tara wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki na masu lalata dabbobi. Abilityarfin ƙananan dabbobi na hawa kan duwatsu da bishiyoyi, don lalata gidajen tsuntsaye na taimakawa rayuwa. Mutane masu ƙarfi suna farautar 'yan uwansu marasa ƙarfi a lokacin yunwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Aljannu lokacin saduwarsu zai fara a watan Afrilu. Kishiyar maza, kariya ga mata bayan saduwa suna tare da ihun shrill, faɗa na jini, duels. Ma'aurata da aka kafa, koda a lokacin ɗan gajeren ƙungiya, suna da rikici. Dangantaka mai auren mata daya ba ta musamman ba ce ga marsupials. Mace ta shaidan Tasmanian, 3 kwanaki bayan kusanci, ta kori namiji. Aringaunar haihuwa tana ɗaukar kwanaki 21.
An haifi 20-30 masu cin abinci. Jaririn Tasmaniyanci yana da nauyin 20-29. Shaidanu guda huɗu ne suka tsira daga babban tsintsiya daidai da yawan nono a cikin jakar uwa. Mace tana cin raunanan mutane.
Amfani da matan da aka haifa ya fi na maza. A watanni 3, jarirai suna buɗe idanunsu, an rufe jikinsu da ulu mai duhu. Matasa sun fara neman firstan wasa daga aljihun mahaifiyarsu don bincika duniya. Cigaba da ciyar da mata masu ciki na wata biyu. Zuwa Disamba, zuriyar ta sami cikakken 'yanci.
Youngaramar shekaru biyu a shirye take don kiwo. Rayuwar aljannu marsupial suna ɗaukar shekaru 7-8, saboda haka duk matakan balaga suna faruwa da sauri. A Ostiraliya, ana kiran dabbar da ba a saba da ita ba a matsayin dabbobi na alama, waɗanda hotunansu ke bayyana a kan tsabar kuɗi, alamu, riguna na makamai. Duk da bayyanar shaidan na gaske, dabbar tana zaune a wuri mai cancanta a cikin yanayin halittar babban yankin.
