Ofaya daga cikin maharaƙan masu farauta waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka da raƙuman daji sune kerkeci. Suna da kyau, siriri kuma koyaushe suna mai da hankali. Wannan dabba koyaushe ana ba ta halaye na ɗan adam kuma ana haskaka ta cikin tatsuniyoyin mutane. Kerkeci alama ce ta ƙarfi a cikin almara. An cancanci.
Akwai nau'ikan wannan dabba da yawa a yanayi. Sunayen jinsunan kerkeci: mackenzian, launin toka, marsupial, ja, mai ban tsoro, iyakacin duniya, maned, da sauransu Duk nau'ikan kerkeci bambanta da girman jiki, launi da kuma yawan ulu, mazauni har ma da halaye. Bari mu dakata a kansu dalla-dalla.
Kerkeci Mackenzian
Arewacin Amurka yanki ne mai ban mamaki. Dabbobi da yawa sun nemi mafaka a wurin, ciki har da wakilin Mackenzian. Wannan duba kerkeci a cikin hoton galibi ana nuna shi da bakin jini. Irin wannan dabbar ana ɗaukarta ɗayan ɗayan masu farautar jini.
Babban jiki yana taimaka masa don kashe dabbobi da sauri kuma ba tare da matsala ba, ko kuma, ƙarfafan gangar jiki da dogayen ƙafafu waɗanda ke tafiya ko da a mawuyacin wurare. Tsarin numfashi na wannan nau'in ya sami ci gaba sosai. Ko bayan sun yi tafiyar kilomita 100, kerkuren Mackenzian ba zai fuskanci matsalar karancin numfashi ba.
Hanci wani bangare ne na jikin dabba mai saurin sanyi, saboda haka, yayin bacci, yakan rufe shi da ulu na doguwar jelarsa. Wannan yana sa dabba ta dumi. Ernarjin kerkeci na Mackenzian an rufe shi da gashi mai haske, kuma baya da wutsiya sun yi duhu.
Wannan mafarautan koyaushe yana farautar farauta tare da abokan aikin sa. Yawancin lokaci, a cikin rukuni ɗaya na kyarketai na Makenzian, akwai kusan mutane 10. Garken tumaki suna kai hare-hare galibi manyan shuke-shuke irin su moose da bison.
Red Wolf
Wannan sosai kerkeci mara kyauzaune a cikin duwatsu na Kudu da Tsakiyar Asiya. Samfurin takamaiman ne don jan gashinta. Wasu nau'ikan jan kerkeci suna da alaƙa ga takamaiman yankuna. Suna da wani suna - "buanzu".
Jan kerkeci yayi kamanceceniya da dodo da duwawu. Babban mahaukaci ne mai tsananin furci. Wutsiyar dabbar tana da tsayi da yawa cewa dole ne ka ja ta a ƙasa. Akan dorsal da caudal sashin jiki, ana iya ganin baƙar fata, amma akwai kaɗan daga ciki. Buanzu an haife shi ba ja ba, amma launin ruwan kasa. Yayin da yake girma, kerkeci ya yi haske.
Kamar yadda yanayi yake canzawa, gashin dabbobi yana canzawa. A lokacin rani yana da wahala, kuma a lokacin hunturu, akasin haka, yana da taushi da taushi. Hakanan yayin lokacin sanyi, ya zama yana ɗan haske. Bayyanar kerkeci ja ya dogara sosai da mazaunin sa.
Misali, mutanen da aka samu a Indochina suna da mafi tsayi gashi kuma mafi laushi, yayin da "Pakistan" da "Afghans" ke da gajeren gashi. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na jinsin shine mafi karancin hakora tsakanin duka kerkeci.
Iyakacin duniya Wolf
Wurin sasantawa na wannan kyakkyawan farin kerkeci shine Arctic, saboda haka yawancin masanan dabbobi kuma suna kiransa "Arctic". Dabbar ba ta jin tsoron ƙarancin yanayin zafi, ana kiyaye ta daga dogon fur mai kauri. Rigar dabbar tana da tsananin gaske har da ruwan sanyi da iska mai ƙarfi basa tsoronta.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da ilimin halittu na wannan nau'in a cikin Arctic sun yi karanci. A kan wannan dalili, lokacin da dabba ta kashe abin da ta farauta, da wuya ta bar naman "a ajiye", gaba daya tana kokarin cin sa. Af, kerkeci na polar ya kafa kansa a matsayin kyakkyawar mafarauci. A wajan farautar ganima, ƙamshi mai ƙyau da ƙwarewar gani ya taimaka masa.
An san cewa saboda rashin abinci, zai iya yin azumi na sati 1 zuwa 2. Me yasa wannan kyakkyawan kerkecin a matakin halaka? Akwai dalilai 2:
- Narkewa daga kankara na Arctic, wanda zafin duniya ya haifar a doron duniya.
- Attentionarin hankalin mafarauta game da farin dusar ƙanƙara ta kerkolfci.
Kerkeci na Marsupial
A yau, ba ko'ina a Duniya, ba a sami kerkecin mareniya ba. Wannan hukuma a hukumance ana daukarta dadadden abu ne. Jikin irin wannan halitta ya kai fiye da cm 120 a tsayi, kuma yakai kimanin kilo 30. An samo shi a cikin ƙasar Australiya ta zamani.
Bayyanar dabba ta fi kama da kare fiye da kerkeci. Yana da gajere amma mai kauri sosai. Don taɓawa, ya kasance mai laushi. Raunuka suna gudana a jikin jikin kerkeci. A yankin daji, an zaɓi irin waɗannan mutane a matsayin wurin kwana a cikin kogo, kuma idan ba zai yiwu a same su ba, to, ramuka na katako.
Kerkecin marsupial kusan bai taba kasancewa tare da wasu mutane ba, suna yin garken dabbobi. Amma, akwai sanannun lokuta na rayuwar haɗin waɗannan dabbobi. Muryar dabbar ta bambanta sosai da muryar da sauran kerkeci ke yi. Ya ɗan tuna da tari, kurma ne kuma shiru.
Kerkeci mai duhu
Wani nau'in dabbobin kerkeci. Wannan babbar dabba ce, wacce jikin ta ya kai tsayi fiye da mita 1.5. Kuma yakai nauyin 60 kg. Mazaunin shi shine Arewacin Amurka. Daga kerkeci mai launin toka, an banbanta da mummunan ta girman jikinsa da ƙafafunta masu ƙarfi.
Ya kasance ɗayan manyan abubuwan farautar mutane na zamanin yau. Yana da wuya a faɗi ainihin waɗanda kyarketai da kansu suke farauta. Koyaya, a cikin ilimin dabbobi akwai wata magana - nauyin jikin mai farauta ba zai iya zama ya wuce nauyin duka mambobin garken masu kai hare-hare ba.
A kan wannan, zamu iya yanke hukunci cewa a lokacin rayuwar mummunan kerkeci, ya kai hari galibi bison, wanda nauyin jikinsa ya wuce kilogiram 300. Amma garken waɗannan dabbobi masu ƙarfi ba za su iya cin abinci a kan bison kowace rana ba, sabili da haka, galibi suna cin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke ruwa.
Kerkeci na Habasha
Bayyanar kerkeci yafi kama da fox. Irin wannan mutum yana da inuwa ja mai haske ta ulu, a ƙarƙashin wutsiya a kan ƙafafuwa kuma a gaban wuya akwai fari mai laushi mai laushi. Kunnuwan dabba suna da fadi da fadi. Yana da mahimmanci ga Habasha, wani nau'in kare na kerkeci... Wannan ba saboda farauta ba ne, amma ga ƙauracewar bambancin kwayar halitta, saboda wannan dabba yakan haɗu da karnukan Afirka.
Dabba yana da sauri da sauri. Dogayen sassan jiki suna taimaka masa samun saurin motsi. Kerkeken Habasha ba ya farma babban wasa, kawai yana sha'awar kananan dabbobin gandun daji ne, misali, zomo, beraye ko beraye. Dabba mafi girma wacce irin wannan mai farauta ya yi ƙoƙarin kai wa hari ita ce dabbar daji.
Kerkeci mai Maned
Dabbar ta sami irin wannan lakanin saboda doguwar riga mai laushi, mai kama da abin gogewa, amma ba zaki ba, amma doki. Short fur yana nan kawai a gabobin mutum. Ana samun kerkecin da ake kira maned a cikin ƙasashe da dama a Kudancin Amurka, ciki har da Brazil.
Launin gashin gashin dabba ja ne, amma akwai wurare masu duhu akan kafafu, wuya da jela. Kerkeci ya fi so ya zauna a cikin yankuna da yawa na daji inda akwai dogayen shuke-shuke. Babban mahimmin fasalin wannan nau'in shine dogayen gabobi. Wannan ɗayan fewan jinsunan kerkeci ne waɗanda ke son farauta su kaɗai, ba tare da 'yan'uwa ba.
Dabbar tana nutsuwa a hankali tare da dajin domin ya kusanci abin farautar a hankali, sannan sai ya gudu da hanzari ya afka masa. Baya ga ƙananan dabbobi, kerk manci mai cin nama ya ci tsuntsaye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Da wuya sosai, ya haɗu tare da sauran kerkeci don afkawa dabbobin. Irin wannan dabbar tana cikin "iyali" (masu auren mace daya). Abin sha'awa, yaran kerkuku sun zama ja kan lokaci. An haife su launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi.
Tundra kerkolfci
Dogon dogon fur shine ya sa kerkecin tundra ya fita dabam da sauran dabbobi. An samo shi a Rasha. Girman jiki ya ɗan yi ƙasa da arctic. Wannan nau'in kuma ana kiransa Siberian.
Don zama cikakke, dabba dole ne ya ci aƙalla kilogram 10 na nama. Amma irin wannan sa'ar abu ne mai wuya a gare shi. Lokacin da dabbar ba ta hadu da babban wasa ba, tana iya ciyar da kanta da sanda ko kurege.
A Siberia, zaku iya samun kerkuku mai ruwan kasa, amma kaɗan ne daga cikinsu, sau da yawa akan sami masu haske. Wannan nau'in kerkeci a Rasha ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi hankali. Dabba koyaushe tana guje wa mutane.
Kerkeken Mongoliya
Wannan nau'in canine ya fi na tundra yawa. Matsakaicin nauyi na kerk Mci Mongoliya shine kilogiram 38. Jawo mai haske ya yi nasara a jikin dabbar. Suna zaune a cikin Rasha, a cikin Yankin Primorsky.
Kerkeken Mongoliya dabba ce mai taurin kai. Zai iya bin wanda aka azabtar na tsawon awanni. Farautar irin waɗannan masu cin abincin sau da yawa yakan ƙare tare da abincinsu ya faɗi ƙasa a ƙasa. Sai kerkeci suka daka mata. Tsarin binsu yana da ban sha'awa saboda a hankali suna biye da junan su, a cikin layi mai tsawo.
Jan kerkeci
Har yanzu masu nazarin dabbobi suna jayayya game da rarrabuwa irin wannan dabba. Wasu sun gaskata cewa jan kerkeci ne ganin kerkeci mai ruwan tokada sauransu cewa shi nau'ikan daban ne na canine. Hakanan akwai sigar cewa wannan mai farautar haɗuwa ce ta ɓoye da kuma kerkeci gama gari.
A yau, ana iya samun wannan dabbar a wasu jihohin Amurka, misali, a Texas. Yawan su ba su da yawa, saboda haka ana ɗaukar nau'in cikin haɗari. Launin rigar dabbar mai launin toka ne mai launin ja. Amma a Louisiana, zaku iya samun wakilai masu duhu na wannan nau'in. Suna da sutura mai tsaka-tsaka, dogon kunnuwa da ƙarfi, siririn ƙafafu.
Ta hanyar ɗabi'a da fifiko a cikin abinci, dabbar ba ta da bambanci da takwararta "launin toka". Kamar dai kerkeci mai launin toka, mai ja ya fi son zama kusa da danginsa. Koyaya, irin wannan dabbar ba ta yin manyan ƙungiyoyi. Kowane ɗayan jan kerkeci bai haɗa da mutane 8-10 ba. Wannan mai farautar yana da mata daya.
Yayin da fakitin ke farauta, kerk wci mafi rauni ya kasance don kula da brood. Af, jar kerkeci suna ciyarwa musamman a kan raccoons da ƙananan matsakaitan beraye. Da wuya ƙwarai, suna gudanar da kama da cin babban ganima, misali, giwa.
Kerkeci na Gabas
A cikin ilimin kimiyyar dabbobi, akwai adadi mai yawa na juzu'i dangane da rarrabuwa da wannan nau'in na canine. Dangane da ra'ayin da aka fi sani, kerkit ɗin gabas ƙirar ƙirar kerkeci ce mai ruwan toka. Irin wannan dabbar tana rayuwa a lardin Ontario na Kanada.
Wannan mai farautar ba babba bane. Mizar jikinsa - har zuwa cm 80. Tana da launi mai ruwan toka-rawaya. Rigar dabbar tana da kauri sosai kuma mai yawa. Kerkeci na gabas dabba ce ta jama'a, amma baya son kafa ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Flockaya daga cikin garken zai iya ƙunsar mutane fiye da 3-5.
Wannan nau'ikan maƙarƙashiya ba a ɗauke shi ba kawai kyakkyawar mafarauci ba, har ma da kyakkyawan tsaro. Idan wata dabba ta zaga cikin yankin kerkecin gabashin, tabbas dukkan membobin kungiyar zasu kawo masa hari. A cikin dazuzzuka na daji, dabbobi galibi suna farautar beavers da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa irin su giwa.
Melville kerkolfci
Mazaunin dabba shine tsibirin Greenland. Kerkeken Melville bai yi nauyi ba fiye da kilogiram 45, amma, wasu mutane sun kai kilogiram 70. Ana iya samun gulma da farin kerkuku na Melville a tsibirin Greenland. Fushinsu yayi kauri sosai kuma dogo ne. Theayyadaddun jinsin ƙananan kunnuwa ne.
Mutum ɗaya ba zai iya kashe ganima mai yawa ba, saboda haka, don irin wannan nau'in, ya zama dole a haɗu. Wolves Wolves suna farautar mutane 6-9. Yawancin lokaci, dabbobi suna bin garken bijimai ko tumaki, kallon su kuma gano mafi rauni.
Gaskiyar ita ce, babbar dabba mai ƙarfi na iya fara tsayayya har ma da kai hari ga kerkeci don amsawa. Ya san wannan, saboda haka, bai taɓa shiga yaƙi da irin waɗannan ba. Kerketai na Melville suna kwana a cikin kogon dutse mara zurfi. Yanayin irin wannan dabbar yana da tsananin gaske. Ana nuna wannan a cikin lambobinta.
Dingo
Har zuwa yanzu, masana ilimin kimiyyar halitta ba su cimma matsaya ba game da rarrabuwa daga dinoes. Wasu sun gaskata cewa dabbar kare ne mai laushi, ba shi da alaƙa da kerkolfci, yayin da wasu - cewa dingo speciesabilar "kerkeci" ce mai zaman kanta. Hanya ɗaya ko wata, akwai wata sigar cewa shi ɗan asalin kerkiyan Indiya ne, ƙari ma, tsarkakakke ne. Saboda haka, ana la'akari da wannan dabba a cikin labarin.
Jinsin ya yadu a Australia da Asiya. Ana samun Dingo har ma a cikin New Guinea. Yana da-kyau-gina, nocturnal predator tare da m ja Jawo. Amma a jikin dingo akwai kuma gashi fari (a gefen muzzle, tail da sternum). A cikin New Guinea ma akwai dingoes masu duhu, masu launin ruwan kasa ko ma baƙar fata.
Duk da yanayin "kare", wannan nau'in dabba bai taba yin sauti mai kama da haushin kare ba. Amma ya yi ihu ta kwatankwacinsa da kerkeci. Wannan dabbar ginger ta sauka kusa da tafki. Dingo tana zaɓar manyan ramuka na katako, burma ko kogo a matsayin wurin kwana.
Abin sha'awa! Wakilan Asiya na wannan nau'in ba sa jin tsoron mutane, amma, akasin haka, sun fi son kasancewa kusa da su. Gaskiyar ita ce, mutane galibi suna ciyar da dina. A hanyar, jan kerkeci-kare ya haɗa kai da irin nasa, yana ƙirƙirar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Shugaba da mace kawai ke da damar haifuwa.
Kerkeci na tsakiyar Rasha
Wannan wakilin dabbobi masu cin nama ya fi girma da kerkeci. Launi daga tsananin fur dinsa launin toka ne na gargajiya. Ernwarfin dabba ya fi baya baya. Yana da gashi mai haske. Matsakaicin nauyin ɗan kerkeci na Tsakiyar Rasha shine 40 kilogiram.
Ana samun wannan mummunan mai farautar a cikin dazuzzukan Central Russia. A cikin Altai, zaku iya samun manyan kyarketai na Rashanci na Tsakiya waɗanda nauyinsu ya ma fi 70 kilogiram. Wannan kyakkyawan wakilci ne na jinsin sa, ya fi son farauta, bacci da cin abinci kusa da sauran mutane. Kerkeci na Rashanci na Tsakiya yana farautar manyan dabbobi, alal misali, giwa ko barewa.
A ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan dabbobin, akwai mutane 30 zuwa 45. A wani lokaci, macen kerkeci ta Tsakiyar Rasha za ta iya haihuwa har zuwa ɗiya 10. Tana kula dasu, bata rasa ganinsu. Namiji ne ke da alhakin nemo abinci.
Hamada Wolf
Wannan nau'in kerkeci yana zaune ne a yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya, Kazakh da Rasha da kuma yankunan hamada. Akwai mutane masu launin toka, ja da launin rawaya-rawaya na kerkeci na hamada. An kuma kira shi "steppe".
A girma, dabba mai ƙarfi ba ta kai ga kerkeci mai launin toka ba, amma, yana da ƙarfi da sauri. Wani fasali na musamman shine tsananin fur. Jikin kerk wci hamadam siriri ne. Wannan nau'in har yanzu ba a yi cikakken nazari ba.
Kokarin Caucasian
Ana samun irin wannan dabba a cikin Rasha. Akwai rarrabuwa a sarari na mutane a cikin fakitin kerkuren Caucasian. Ana tambayar ikon shugaba, babban kerkecin kungiyar, idan ana rauni ko tsoho. Sannan wani namiji zai iya kalubalantar sa. Kerketai na Caucasian suna sane da kasancewar su zuwa wani rukuni.
Ba sa haƙuri da waɗannan dabbobi waɗanda ba su yarda da bin ƙa'idodansu ba. Zuwa wasu canines "Caucasians" masu gwagwarmaya ne. Idan daya daga cikin masu farautar ya kuskura ya tsallaka yankinsu, ba zai masa kyau ba. Garken suna afkawa dabbar. Launi na gashin Jawo na Caucasian fari ne da ruwan toka. Kunnuwansu da ƙafafunsu na matsakaiciya. A jikin jikin dabbar akwai kananan gashin gashi baki.
Duk da son su na yaƙi da ɗabi'ar zalunci, kyarketai na Caucasian suna da matuƙar kulawa ga odan uwansu. Duk iyayen biyu suna cikin tarbiyar yaran. Ba kawai kawai suna ƙarfafa su ba, amma, a wasu lokuta, azabtar da su mai tsanani. Yawancin lokaci, dalilin azabtar da ɗan kerkeci shine yawan son sani.
Kerkeci na Siberia
Wasu masanan kimiyyar dabbobi sun nuna shakku game da bukatar sanya kerkiyan Siberiyan a matsayin jinsinsu daban. Dangane da launin gashi, girma da halayya, waɗannan dabbobin suna kama da 'yan uwansu mafi kusa, Wolves ta Tsakiya. Sun yadu a Kamchatka, Transbaikalia da Siberia. Ulu irin wannan dabbar tana da taushi sosai ga tabawa, kamar siliki. Suna da kauri da tsawo. Jawo na kerkiyan Siberia ya fi na Rasha ta Tsakiya haske. Nauyin dabba ya kai kilogiram 45.
Kerkuren Iberiya
Wannan nau'in nau'in kwayar halittar da ba kasafai ake samunta ba, wanda, har zuwa kwanan nan, ana ganin ta bace. Yana zaune a Spain da Portugal. Launin gashin gashin dabba mai launin ja ne. Kerkukuwan Iberiya ya fi na Rasha nesa ba kusa ba. Akwai ƙananan farin ɗigon a fuskarsa, da baya da kuma bayanta. Saboda wannan, mutane sun kira dabbar da "alama".
Masana ilmin namun daji sun ce wannan nau'in kerkeci yana da matukar amfani.Dalilin shi ne kula da yawan katako, wanda, a waɗannan ɓangarorin, ke fuskantar barazanar ƙarewa. Ta yaya kerkiyan Iberiya yake yi? Yana da sauki.
Dabbar tana farautar farautar daji, sau da yawa tana bin kayan itace. Waɗannan dabbobi suna farauta a ƙananan rukuni. Abin da suke ganima ba boar daji ba ne kawai, amma har da barewa, barewa da tumaki. Wani lokaci kerkeci na Iberiya suna cin kifi.
Jaket na kowa
Ana kiran wannan ƙaramar dabbar "kora san". Ana samun jackal a Kudancin Asiya, duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba, ta yadu a wasu ƙasashen Turai, misali, a Albania.
Jaki yana kama da kare. Ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta daga, misali, dingo, ko ma daidaitaccen ɗan mongrel. Nauyin jikinsa ya yi ƙasa da na kyarkeci mai ruwan toka, har zuwa kilogiram 20. Hannun bakin dodo yana da tsayi kuma mai tsawo, kamar na fox. Gashi na wannan "raƙuman kerkeci" launin toka ne mai ruwan kasa. A lokacin hunturu, yakan zama mai santsi.
A rana, kusan Kora San baya cin abinci, yana zaɓar lokacin maraice don cin abinci. Ya ci:
- Kifi;
- Tsuntsu;
- Carrion;
- Dodunan kodi;
- Kwadi;
- Ƙwaro
- Berry;
- Macizai, da dai sauransu.
Ya zama cewa jackal kusan yana da komai. Yana da wuya yayi farauta da irin nasa. Duk da ƙarami da rashin ƙarfin halin kerkeci, kaifin hankali da sassauci suna taimaka wa dodo don zama mai farauta. Zai iya yin shuru cikin nutsuwa akan farautar sa kuma cikin sauri ya kamashi kafin ya iya tserewa.
