Kowa ya san Baikal a matsayin mafi zurfin tabki a duniya, amma ba kowa ke da masaniyar kyanta ba. Mutumin da ya zo gaɓar tekun ya shiga cikin yanayi na ni'ima da aminci. Duk saboda waɗannan ruwan suna da kyau.
Tafkin Baikal dabbobi shekaru da yawa sun kasance masu ban mamaki masana kimiyya tare da bambancin su. Akwai sama da dubu 2.5 daga cikinsu. Wasu wakilai na musamman ne. Yawancin fauna na gida saboda yawan oxygen a cikin tafkin.
Yana da ban sha'awa, amma babu cikakkiyar amsa ga tambayar game da asalin sunan "Baikal". Yawancin masana sun yi imanin cewa wannan shi ne yadda kakannin Buryats suke kira tabki, wanda ya zo nan a ƙarni na 2 kafin haihuwar Yesu. Daga yarensu, an fassara sunan da "ruwa mai tsafta".
Wani fasalin wannan tafkin shine kusan a kusan dukkanin yankin, ana kewaye dashi da tsaunin tsauni. Wannan yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa ga wasu wakilan duniyar dabbobi.
Tunda yanayi da fauna na Tafkin Baikal na musamman ne, hukumomi sun danganta shi da yawan adana a sikelin duniya. Koyaya, kowa yana iya shakatawa a nan, amma lokacin ne kawai daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa tsakiyar kaka. Kusan duk yankin tafkin Baikal yana da yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kwari, tsuntsaye da sauran wakilan dabbobi.
Mafi yawansu sun yadu a duniya, amma masana kimiyya sun gano wasu dabbobin da ba kasafai ake samunsu ba.Emarshen Baikal, ma'ana, nau'in dabbobi da ke rayuwa keɓaɓɓe a nan suna mamakin bambancinsu. Daga cikinsu: hatimi, baleen bat, omul da sauransu.
Asu na sosa
Wannan ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan jemage ne. An bambanta shi da ƙaramin ƙarami da launi mai haske mai haske-ja-ja. Fasalin kwari tare da gashin baki shine tsinkayen kunnuwa. Ana iya samun ta a nan kusa da yankin duwatsu, galibi da daddare. A asu gashin-baki dabba ce ta garke. Rukuni ɗaya ya ƙunshi mutane 3 zuwa 20. Wannan dabbar dabba ce. Yana farauta da dare, kusa da kambin katako.
A asu na gashin-baki yana tashi da sauri da sauri, saboda wannan, kusan rashin gaskiya ne a bi sahun sa. Tana tsoron sanyi, don haka sai ta tashi zuwa Kudu don hunturu. Adadin jemar gashin baki na raguwa a shekara. Masana kimiyya ba su da cikakken amsa ga abin da wannan ke da alaƙa da shi. Akwai zaton cewa sare bishiyoyi a tafkin Baikal yana shafar yawan jama'arta.
Baikal an datse masa jemage
Baikal hatimi
Wannan wakilin Baikal shine shahararren ƙarshen wannan tafkin. Nerpa shine babban alamar waɗannan wurare. Wannan ya faru ne saboda farautar da ake yi don samun ɗimbin ulu, nama da kitse. A yau, doka ba za ta hukunta farauta ba, duk da haka, saboda saurin raguwar mutane, hukumomi sun sanya takunkumi a kan farautarta.
Abu ne mai ban sha'awa, amma har zuwa yau ba a san ainihin yadda hatimin ya tsaya a Tafkin Baikal ba. Dangane da shahararriyar sigar, dabbar tazo nan daga Tekun Arctic a lokacin Ice Age.
A zahiri, hatimin babban hatimi ne wanda, yin iyo a cikin ruwa, lokaci-lokaci yana iyo zuwa gabar teku don shan iska. Ya kamata a lura cewa hatimin shine kawai Baikal mai shayarwa.
Don samun kifi, suna nitsewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, fiye da mita 150. Zasu iya zama a wurin na mintina 20 zuwa 30. Hatimin halitta ce ta musamman, tunda tana iya dakatar da ɗaukar ciki da kanta, a yayin da ta fahimci cewa babu wasu sharuɗɗan da suka dace don kiwon zuriya.
Koyaya, wannan ba safai yake faruwa a yanayi ba. Wani lokaci ci gaban amfrayo a cikin mahaifar hatimin mace yana dakatarwa, ma'ana, ya faɗi cikin rayarwar da aka dakatar. A wannan yanayin, zai iya tsayawa har zuwa cikin mai zuwa. Don haka, hatimin mata na iya haihuwar mutane 2 lokaci ɗaya.
Red Wolf
Jerin dabbobin littafin Red Book of Baikal ya shiga jar kerkeci, wanda yawansu, a yau, bai kai 100. Wadanda suka taba ganin wannan dabba suna cewa ta bayyanar, ta yi kama da kerkeci. Wannan ya dace, tunda launin wannan ƙaramar dabba tana da haske ja, kamar ta fox.
Amma, a cikin ɗabi'a da halaye, ya zama kwatankwacin kerkeci. Dabba ce mai ban sha'awa. Jan kerkeci yana farauta ne kawai a cikin rukuni. Matsayinta a cikin fakitin an ƙaddara ta girman da hali. Wani babban namiji ya zama shugaban ja kerkeci, wanda ba ya jin tsoron ƙalubalantar wasu, don haka neman hakkinsa.
Baikal jan kerkeci
Fox
Daga cikin dabbobi na musamman na Baikal, fox wanda baya tsoron mutane kwata-kwata. Wannan shine babban fasalin sa. Saboda rashin tsoro, dawakai da yawa sun ma kusanci masu yawon bude ido, suna ba su damar taɓa kansu.
A zahiri, a cikin mutane waɗannan dabbobin suna sha'awar abinci, wanda a shirye suke su kyauta su rabasu. Dawakin Baikal yana da alheri sosai. Lokacin da ba ta ji hatsari ba, tafiyarta a hankali take kuma mai karfin gwiwa, amma idan dabbar ta ji tsoro, za ta hanzarta shiga daji.
Maza sun kai nauyin kilogiram 15, mata - har zuwa 12. Ba tare da wutsiya ba, tsawon matsakaicin mutum ya kai cm 80. A cikin yankin yankin, dawakai suna rayuwa daga shekara 15 zuwa 18, kodayake matsakaicin ransu a wasu yankuna shekaru 10 ne kawai.
Kowane irin dabba yana da rami. Musamman ya zama dole ga mata. A cikin ramin, fox ya bar 'ya'yanta, yana zuwa daji don abinci. Amma ƙaramin wasa ba shine duk abincin wannan dabbar ba. Lokacin da babu lokacin farauta, Fox yakan ci kifi da tsutsotsi.
Saker Falcon
Domin fauna na Baikal iri daban-daban, na musamman tsuntsayen tsari na falcon ana samun su anan. Daya daga cikinsu shine Saker Falcon. A girma, wannan halittar tana kama da hankaka fiye da ta ungulu. Bayan Saker Falcon launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma gaban yana haske tare da da'ira masu launin toka-toka. Launin samari samari ya fi banbanci.
Saker Falcon tsuntsaye ne mai farauta wanda yake farautar ƙaramin wasa, galibi gofer. Yana gina gida gida ne kawai a cikin dogayen bishiyoyi, don haka, idan ya tashi sama, zai iya kallon yankin da kyau don neman abinci. Kadan da yawa, Saker Falcon ya hau kan dutse kusa da ruwa.
Saboda saurin sare dazuzzuka na gandun dajin cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, kayan abinci na Saker Falcon ya ragu sosai. Saboda haka, yanzu wannan tsuntsun dabban yana dab da karewa.
Baikal omul
Wannan dabbar tana cikin ajin salmonids. Kamawa yana da matukar mahimmanci ga masana'antar kamun kifin ta Rasha. Ana samun wannan halittar ne kawai a cikin ruwan yankin. Miyan kifi, casserole, da pies ana yinsu ne daga omul. Ana dafa shi, an soya shi, ana shan hayaƙi, da sauransu. Kowane abinci da aka yi shi daga wannan kifin yana da daɗi sosai, saboda haka masu yawon buɗe ido sukan nemi su dafa musu Baikal omul.
A cikin lokaci daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen kaka, ta spawns. Larananan tsutsa 1 cm sun fito a cikin ruwa a cikin Afrilu. Girman yawancin mutum shine 50 cm, kuma nauyin 900 g ne. Yana da matukar wuya a kama babban abu, wanda nauyinsa zai kai kilo 4-6.
Elk mai juyawa
Daya daga cikin manyan dabbobin Baikal. Nauyin ma'aurata mai girman kai ya kai kilogiram 500, tsayin jiki ya kai mita 2. Suna zaune galibi a bakin teku, ba sau da yawa a cikin daji.
Gwargwadon daɗaɗɗen fata, ƙarfafan tururuwarta ke ƙaruwa. Da shekara 15, suna daina ci gaba. Af, matsakaiciyar rayuwar wannan kyakkyawar dabba shekaru 30 ne. Nsahonin dabba suna faɗuwa da girma kowace shekara.
Pronged muse ciyawar tsire-tsire ne. A lokacin hunturu, tana ciyarwa akan bawon itace. Irin wannan dabbar Baikal a hoto ya dubi daraja. Amma ba kasafai 'yan yawon bude ido ke jin dadin kallonta ba "kai tsaye", kamar yadda Elk ke guje wa mutane.
Tsuntsun dare
Wannan kwaro na tsari Lepidoptera na cikin hatsarin Baikal fauna. Yana sauka ne kawai a yankin daji, a cikin makiyaya da gefunan katako. Lokacin da yanayin sanyi ya fara, dawisu na dare yakan nemi mafaka a cikin itacen oak, Willows, raspberries da sauran bishiyoyi da daji.
A bayyane, kwaron yana kama da asu ko malam buɗe ido. Jikinsa ya kai 4-5 cm a tsayi, kuma fikafikansa cm 6-7. Ana samun mutane masu launin rawaya, launin ruwan kasa da launin toka a waɗannan sassan. Ana ganin ƙaramin da'irar baƙar fata a sarari a kan kowane fuka-fuki 4.
Brook lamprey
shi dabba da ke zaune a Baikal, yana gab da bacewa. Tsarin rayuwarsa yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin ruwa mai wadataccen wadataccen oxygen. Matsakaicin shekarun rayuwar ruwan raƙumi shine shekaru 6. A yau, akwai ƙasa da mutane 1000 a cikin ruwa a nan.
Jikin fitilar ya zama maciji. Yana da fikafikansu masu ƙarfi, kowane ɗayan an raba shi da tazara. Idon wannan dabba bai waye ba, saboda haka, koda cikin ruwa, yana gani da kyau.
Baikal kogin lamprey
Damisar Dusar Kankara
Sunan na biyu na wannan kyakkyawar dabba ita ce irbis. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, wannan shine mafi ban mamaki wakilin fauna na gida. Ba duk mutumin da ke rayuwa a Tafkin Baikal bane zai iya alfahari da ganin damisa aƙalla sau ɗaya.
Ee, wannan dabba ce mai matukar wuya. Ba a sami mutane sama da 50 a yankin yankin ba. Irbis mai farauta ne, kodayake, kusan ba ya taɓa mutum, kamar yadda yake tsoro. Game da farauta, yana da matukar wahala a kamo wannan dabba mai ƙarfi.
Nauyin damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara daga 50 zuwa 65 kilogiram. Mata sun fi na maza ƙanana, don haka suna da nauyi kaɗan, har zuwa kilogiram 45. Tunda wannan dabbar ta dangi ce, tana farauta ne musamman daga kwanton bauna.
Damisar dusar kankarar ta afkawa ba zato ba tsammani, bayan da ta buya. Da zarar ya zaɓi wanda aka azabtar, yiwuwar da za ta iya ɓoyewa ba ta da yawa. Dabbar tana farautar unguloli, zomo, zomo, raguna da awaki. Don cin abinci, damisar dusar ƙanƙara tana buƙatar kilogiram 2 zuwa 4 na sabo nama kowace rana.
Sandpiper
Wannan karamin tsuntsu ne mai matukar kyau da ke zaune a Tafkin Baikal. Ta na ajin ramin yashi. Fasalin sandpiper shine siririn, madaidaiciyar lissafin ta, wacce ta fi ta sauran tsuntsaye gajarta. Hakanan an rarrabe shi da sauran ta yatsun siraran sirara.
Saboda tsari na musamman na kafafu, tsuntsun yana sauri da sauri a kasa. Sabili da haka, yawon bude ido galibi suna sarrafawa don ganin ƙananan yankuna masu gudana a gefen Tafkin Baikal, waɗanda suke rikita su da dabbobi.
An zana ƙasan su da fari, a gaba - launin ruwan kasa. A lokacin hunturu, sukan zama duhu. Sandpipers suna yin sheƙarsu a saman bishiyoyi, sau da yawa akan daji. Don yin wannan, suna amfani da ciyawar bara ko ganyen willow.
A gani, gida na wannan ƙaramin tsuntsun yana da rauni. Jirgin sama ne tare da karamin daraja. Sandpipers suna yin ƙwai a farkon bazara kuma daga baya a tsakiya. Ana rufe kajin da fuka-fukai cikin watanni 1.5 bayan kyanwa daga kwai.
Kurege
Yana daya daga cikin dabbobi da suka yadu a duniya. Saboda saurin haihuwa, yawan farin kurege a wannan yankin yana karuwa kowace shekara. Duk da kyaun salo, duk masu cutar tafkin Baikal suna cin sa.
Irin wannan kurege yana da girma sosai. Nauyin matsakaicin namiji ya kasance kilogiram 3-4, na mace kuma 2-2.5. Girma, sun kai 60 cm a tsayi. Wani fasalin Baikal mai farin jini shine yawan ayyukansu. Suna cikin motsi kusan dukkan lokacin farkawa.
Farin kurege na daga cikin rukunin dabbobi masu cin ciyawa. A lokacin dumi, suna cin tushen, 'ya'yan itace da ganye, kuma a lokacin sanyi, bawon itace. Kowa ya san wannan dabbar a matsayin mai saurin kiwo. Kowace shekara, babban kurege mata na haihuwar zuriya 2 zuwa 5, wato, kusan hares 30.
Dan tsibirin Siberia
Yawan wannan kifin akan Tafkin Baikal yana raguwa kowace shekara. Wannan shi ne saboda yawan saurin kamuwa da sturgeon. Wannan kifin ya yadu a cikin yankin, ana samun sa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi da kuma zurfin tabki. Siberian sturgeon kifi ne da ya daɗe da rayuwa. Matsakaicin tsawon ransa shine shekaru 50. Matsayin daidaitaccen mutum shine mita 1.5, nauyi shine 120 kg.
Duck Mallard
Wannan talikan mai rai, kamar hatimin, shine "katin ziyartar" tafkin Baikal. Baikal duck mallard ya ninka sau 1.5 fiye da yadda aka saba. Sau da yawa ana iya samun ta a gabar tafki. Kan yana da haske mai haske, baki mai launin rawaya ne, duwawun ruwan kasa launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma baya baya lemu ne. Ga mutane da yawa, irin wannan tsuntsu na iya zama kamar motley, amma ƙananan yanayin zafin jiki na saukowa, duhu ya zama.
Ducks na Mallard suna gina nest ne kawai a kusa da ruwa. Jerin tsaunukan Baikal ba su da su. Kusa da hunturu, suna yin ƙaura zuwa Kudu, inda ruwan ba ya daskarewa. Abun mamaki, tsuntsu kamar mallard duck yana da matukar damuwa ga ƙyanƙyashe zuriya. Mahaifiyar mace tana yin sati 3 zuwa 4 tare da kajin nata wadanda basu riga sun kyankyashe ba, suna kyankyashe su a kai a kai. A lokaci guda, tana yin ƙwai kusan 10.
Mallard agwagi maza da mata
Barewa
Kasancewa da irin wannan dabbar a karon farko, ba tare da jin komai game da ita ba, zaku iya firgita gaba ɗaya. Bayan duk wannan, a farkon ra'ayi, barewa ne mara kaho, amma idan ka kula da bakinsa, nan take zai canza zuwa gani. Kasancewar akwai manyan canines a cikin wannan dabba yana da alaƙa da buƙatar cin lehen. Cikin sauƙin ɗaga shi daga bishiyar albarkacin haƙoransa.
Mazauna yankin suna da labari cewa an haifi barewar misk ne sakamakon kaunar barewa da lynx. Tabbas, babu wata hujja ta kimiyya game da wannan. A yau, dabba tana matakin karewa.
Dalilin shine babban hankalin mafarauta ga miski, sinadarin da ya samo amfani a girki, magani har ma da kayan kamshi. Tsawan jikin kowane mutum shine 90 cm, nauyi shine kilogiram 15. Barewa namiji miski yana da ɗan tsayi da girma fiye da na mata.
Shitomordnik
Irin wannan macijin ba za a iya kiran shi babba ba. Matsakaicin tsayin jikinta shine cm 70. Wani fasali na wannan nau'in shine kyakkyawan tsari da kuma furtawa wuyansa, da kuma kan mai girma da girma, saboda haka sunan - shitomordnik.
Akwai nau'ikan 4 na irin wannan macijin akan Lake Baikal:
- Gabas;
- Ruwa;
- Dutse;
- Ussuriiskaya.
Duk jikin macijin, ba tare da la'akari da nau'insa ba, an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa. A cikin manya, akwai kusan 40 daga cikinsu.
Wolverine
Wannan dabba mai farauta ta kasance cikin rukunin weasel. Da farko kallo, zai iya zama kamar wolverine dabba ce mai tsoro da taka-tsantsan. Wannan kuskure ne. A zahiri, yana ɗaya daga cikin masu tsananin cin nama a duniya. A cikin bayyanar, wannan dabbar tana kama da dusar ƙanƙara mai launin ruwan kasa. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin baligi 90-100 cm.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da wolverine shine yana son tafiya. A Tafkin Baikal, galibi mutum na iya samun rayayyun halittu, suna tafiya cikin lumana, da farko kallo ɗaya. Koyaya, lokacin tafiya ne dabba ke neman farauta.
Yana ciyarwa yafi a kan rodents. Idan ba zai yiwu ba a samo abincin da aka fi so, wolverine ba za ta raina ƙwai tsuntsaye da ta samu a cikin gida ba, har ma da gawa. Da wuya ƙwarai, wannan mafarautan yana kai hari ga manyan ciyawar, kamar, misali, barewa. Amma suna iya kai farmaki dabba mai rauni ko mutuwa.
Adwallon Mongoliya
Yawan wannan dabba na raguwa duk shekara. Girman ƙwanƙolin Mongoliya yana da matsakaici - 6 cm ga mata kuma 8 cm ga maza. Babban fasalin sa shine launin fari-kore. Tsohuwar toad, duhun baya. Sanin wannan, mutum zai iya bambance babba da saurayi a sauƙaƙe.
Wannan nau'in yana zama a bakin bakin kwarya na gari, galibi a wuraren dausayi. Ba kasafai 'yan yawon bude ido ke saduwa da tozon Mongoliya a tafkin Baikal na zamani ba.
Muskrat
Wannan dabba mai ban dariya tana cikin aji na entsan sandar ruwa. Muskrat ya fi ƙarancin nutria ko beaver. Matsakaicin nauyinta ya kai kilo 1.5. Duk da cewa dabbar tana cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci, amma a zahiri ba ya daskarewa. Wannan shi ne saboda Jawo na musamman wanda baya yin rigar.
Ciki na miskilar ya fi baya baya. Kowane gabobin dabba suna da kananan membbobi. Wannan yana ba shi damar yin iyo sosai kuma ya yi sauri a cikin ruwa. Af, jela na taka muhimmiyar rawa a motsi na ruwa ga muskrat, wanda shi, kamar sauran sandunan haƙori, yake amfani da shi azaman "rudder".
A tafkin Baikal, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa daga shekaru 3 zuwa 8. Ta zaɓi wurin sasantawa sosai.Yanayi mai mahimmanci a gareshi shine yawan ciyayi da kasancewar ruwa mai kyau. Muskrat tana ciyar da ƙananan kifi da ciyayi.
Wannan dabba ce ta musamman wacce take taka rawar mai gine-gine na gaskiya a cikin yanayi. Muskrat na gina gidaje masu hawa biyu idan matakin ruwa ya hau. Sau da yawa suna gina ƙarin ɗakuna, suna amfani da su azaman kayan abinci don adana abinci don lokacin sanyi. Don shiga irin wannan “bukkar”, dabbar za ta yi nutso a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Baikal muskrat
Brown kai
Yana daya daga cikin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya, wanda shima ana samun sa a Tafkin Baikal. Anan sune ainihin sarakunan halitta. Sauran dabbobi suna tsoron kar beyar ta cinye su, don haka sun gwammace kada su gamu da shi. Kuma idan, duk da haka, wannan ya faru, babu abin da ya rage sai gudu.
Koyaya, wannan ba koyaushe ake ba da shawara ba, saboda, kamar yadda kuka sani, launin ruwan kasa mai kai hari ne kawai idan yana jin yunwa. Babban haɗari ga ƙaramin wasa shine beyar mata, wacce ke kula da zuriyar. Idan a cikin radius mafi kusa tana jin motsi, to tabbas za ta kai hari.
Matsakaicin tsayin jikin wannan dabba ya kai mita 1.5, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 250. Maza sun fi mata yawa. Abincin da wannan dabba ya fi so shi ne kifi. Ya kuma ci 'ya'yan itace da saiwoyi. Amma son kifi ya sa beyar mai launin ruwan kasa ta ɗauki lokaci mai yawa a bakin kogi. Suna hibernate a cikin rami.
Rawan ciki
Wannan ƙaramar dabbar tana cikin ƙungiyar hamsters. An kira shi "dusar ƙanƙara" saboda sha'awar zama kusa da ruwa: koguna, tabkuna, rafuka, da dai sauransu Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu a Tafkin Baikal. Dropsy shine ɗayan rodents masu ƙarfi a cikin Rasha, wanda za'a iya samun sa a kusan kowane yanki. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai cm 30. Siffar wannan dabbar ita ce ƙananan kunnenta. Bayan babbar fur din, ba shi yiwuwa a gansu.
Duk da kyaun sa da kyalkyalin bayyanar sa, ana daukar saukowar kwaro a matsayin kwaro, tunda, a lokacin ambaliyar, ta fi son zama a cikin lambunan kayan lambu, tana tona rami mai zurfi a wurin.
Abincin da ta fi so shi ne tsutsotsi. Ban da su, masu bushewa suna cin baƙin itace da harbe-harben wasu tsire-tsire. Ta ba da hujjar taken "kwari" ta hanyar cin amfanin gonar. Aya daga cikin irin waɗannan a cikin lokacin noma 1 na iya haifar da lalacewa fiye da muraba'in murabba'in 50 na amfanin gona.
Boar
Abu na farko da yake bambance alade na Baikal da alade na yau da kullun shine ɗan birgewa mai kauri wanda ya rufe dukkan jikinsa. Af, magana game da jikin dabba, ya kamata a lura cewa tana da ɗan madaidaiciyar sifa da faɗi.
Bambanci na biyu tsakanin boar da alade shine kasancewar canines masu kaifi 2 suna fita daga bakin. Sun fi son zama a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa. Amma namun daji sukan je wuraren da ke da tsaunuka.
Abincin da ke cikin Baikal boar ya hada da: acorns, kwayoyi, kwararan fitila na wasu furanni, tsutsotsi, rhizomes da kwari. Wasu lokuta ba sa damuwa da cin ƙwai tsuntsaye ko ƙananan dabbobi.
Ba da daɗewa ba boar ke kaiwa mutane hari. Don kunna na'urar tsaro, kuna buƙatar ƙetare iyakarta. Dukkanin nau'ikan da muka yi la'akari da su a yau, waɗanda aka ɗauka tare, suna ƙirƙirar wata duniya ta musamman wacce ke da ƙimar kariya.
