Dabbobin alheri suna cin nasara tare da haɗakar iko da kyawun mai farauta. Sunan kimiyya Puma concolor yana nufin "puma monochromatic ”, amma launukan launuka sun sa kayanta na woolen suna da wayewa. Daga bayanin farko na mai farauta a karni na 16 zuwa yau, sha'awar dabbar daji ba ta dushe ba. Fiye da sau ɗaya, an yi ƙoƙari don rinjayar masu farautar, har ma don sanya su dabbobin gidansu.
Bayani da fasali
Ana kiran Puma daban. Baya ga babban abu, an yada sunaye: zaki na dutse, cougar. Daga cikin masu alaƙar da ke da alaƙa, dabbar tana matsayi na huɗu a girma, bayan damisa, jaguar, da zaki. Tsawon jiki ya kai 180 cm, jela har zuwa 70 cm, nauyin mutum yana kan matsakaita kilo 80, amma manyan wakilai sun kai fiye da 100 kg. Girman cougar mata sun kasa da maza 25-30%.
Puma daji cat
Jikin mai farautar yana da sassauƙa iri-iri. Theafafun suna da faɗi, ana amfani da manyan ƙusoshin ƙira don kama ganima. A kan ƙafafun baya, waɗanda suka fi girma girma a gaba, cougar yana da yatsu 4, a gaba - yatsun kafa 5. Kaifi masu kaifi na taimakawa cougars su zauna cikin bishiyoyi. Kamar kowane feline, akwai lobes uku na pads a sheqa.
Karamin kai an nada masa kunnuwa zagaye. Puma a hoto koyaushe tare da idanu masu bayyana waɗanda ke kewaye da baƙin baki. Iris yana da launin toka, hazel, kore. Tare da hakora masu ƙarfi, dabbobi suna karya ƙasusuwa, kayan tsoka. An ƙaddara shekarun kuliyoyin daji ta yanayin canines da incisors.
Launin gajeren fur mai laushi launin ruwan kasa ne mai ruwan toka ko rawaya. Baya da kai koyaushe suna da launi a cikin launi fiye da ɓangaren ciki na dabba. Alamar tankin Whitish suna kan kirji, maqogwaro. Alamun duhu akan kan cougar, tip na wutsiya, kunnuwa.
Sauyin yanayi yana shafar kewayon launi na ulu: a yankunan arewa, gashin dabbobi yana da launin toka, a yankuna masu zafi - ja. A Latin Amurka, akwai wasu mutane da ba a cika samunsu da haske ba, masu haske, masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Babu zabiya da melanists a tsakanin cougars. Black cougar, jarumar wasan katun "Mowgli" - almara. Wasu lokuta ana kiran cougars baƙar fata panthers.
Puma akan busasshiyar bishiya
Launin ƙananan pumas ya bambanta. An rufe Jawo tare da ɗigon baki, ratsi mai duhu akan ƙafafu, zobba akan wutsiya. Bayan watanni 9 na rayuwa, alamomin suna gushewa, sun ɓace gaba ɗaya shekaru 2. Audugar dabbobi mai kauri ne, mai yawa.
Movementsungiyar cougar ba ta da ƙarfi, da sauri; cikin saurin tsalle, wutsiya tana aiki a matsayin daidaito. Ba kamar jaguars da ke da alaƙa ba, damisa da ke faɗawa cikin tarko ba su ƙare da halayyar mahaukata ba, amma tare da tsammanin farauta bayan ƙoƙari da yawa don 'yantar da kansu.
Ba kamar manyan zakuna ba, damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara, da damisa, cougars ba su da ƙarfin jiki don fitar da wani hayaniya ko hayaniya. Amma suna yin tsarkaka, kamar mazaunan gida, a cikin sadarwa tare da yara, wani lokacin suna kururuwa a lokacin saduwa.
Cougar ba shi da abokan gaba kaɗan. Jaguars, grizzlies, alligators na iya raunana, ƙananan dabbobi. Babban haɗarin ga masu farautar yana ɗauke da mutumin da ya harbe su, ya sanya tarko. Puma na dabbobin daji da kyar yake kaiwa mutum hari. Mutane masu taurin kai, yara, masu ratsa hanyoyin dabbobi cikin dare, sun zama wuraren kai hari. Kula da matakan kariya a mazaunin dabbobi ya isa don gujewa gamuwa da m.
Puma a cikin hunturu
A Amurka, inda babban yanki ke akwai na masu farauta, an kashe dubunnan dabbobi. Saboda karfin cougars don daidaitawa da shimfidar wurare daban-daban da matakan kiyayewa, yawan mutane yana murmurewa a hankali.
Nau'in Cougar
Tsarin zamani na cougars ya ta'allaka ne akan daurin dabbobi zuwa wani yanki, banbancin kwayoyin halitta.
Puma concolor couguar - jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Amurka, gami da ugan kwalliyar Florida. Gidan zama a gandun daji da ke kudancin Florida. Subsananan raƙuman ɓarnar suna cikin Littafin Ja saboda mawuyacin halin da yake ciki.
Jirgin ruwan Florida mai hatsari
Dabba karama ce, mai launi ja, mai doguwar kafa. Tsarin dabbobi da ke da nasaba da juna ya haifar da saman wutsiya. Dalilan da suka rasa rayukansu su ne malalar fadama, da guba, da farautar dabbobi. Wannan ya hada da puma na gabas, wanda ya bace a 1925.
Puma concolor costaricensis - zama a Amurka ta Tsakiya.
Puma concolor capricornensis - yankin rarrabawa a gabashin Kudancin Amurka.
Puma concolor concolor - gama gari a yankunan arewacin Kudancin Amurka.
Puma concolor cabrerae - zama a tsakiyar yankin Kudancin Amurka.
Puma concolor puma - yankin rarrabawa a kudancin Kudancin Amurka.
A yanzu haka, an hana 'yan kwadagon farauta, kodayake ana ci gaba da kashe su saboda cutarwar da dabbobin ke haifarwa.
Easternarshen Cougar Gabas
Rayuwa da mazauni
Ana kiran cougar da katar ta Amurka saboda mazauninta a manyan yankuna na Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. Mai farauta yana bincika wurare masu tsaunuka har zuwa mita 4700, gandun daji, filayen ciyawa, filayen marshy. Toarfin dacewa da sabon yanayi yana kiyaye yawan dabbobi duk da abubuwan rayuwa marasa kyau. Cougars suna da yawa a cikin ikon hawa bishiyoyi, gangaren dutse, da iyo a cikin ruwa.
Dabbar tana da damar yin tsalle zuwa tsawon mita 6-7, tsalle a saman da tsayin mita 2.5-4.5, da kuma saurin gudu na kilomita 50 / h a guje. Wani fasalin cougars shine saurin gudu kawai don gajeriyar tazara, sa'annan suka fizge. Saboda haka, dabbobi sau da yawa sukan hau zuwa tsayi idan haɗari ya yi barazanar. An bayyana wani al'amari lokacin da cougar ya tsere a saman katuwar murtsunguwar tsere, yana tsere da tarin karnuka.
Cougars halaye ne na kadaita, banda lokutan saduwa. Yankin farautar mata ya rufe yankin iyakar maza, ya mamaye kilomita 26-350². Makircin maza sun fi girman girma - 140-760 km², ba sa tsallaka. Maza ba sa haduwa tare, banda shine lokacin farkon fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Iyakokin filayen suna alama tare da ƙuƙwalwa akan bishiyoyi, ɓoyewar dabbobi. Yunkurin motsa jiki na masu farauta suna faruwa a cikin yankunanta. Yawan jama'a ya dogara da yawan wasa.
Ugan cougar yakan yi farauta sau da yawa da daddare - tana da kyakkyawan gani da ƙanshi. Don neman abin farauta, dabba tana da dabarunta. Kullum yakan kai hari ba zato ba tsammani - yana tsalle daga nesa nesa ta baya, yana saukar da shi da nauyinsa. Kimanin dabbobi masu ƙafafu kofato 45-50 a shekara suna zama waɗanda ke fama da lalatawa. An rufe rabin naman cougar da ganye, rassa, dusar ƙanƙara.
Bayan wani lokaci, sai su koma cikin ɓoyayyiyar ganima, wani lokacin maƙwabta suna ɗauke ragowar a kan nisan nesa. Abin sha'awa, girman mushen zai iya wucewa ga mai farautar har sau 5-7. Da rana puma dabba ce malalaci Yana amfani da lokacin hutawa a kogon, yana shiga cikin rana a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Strengtharfi, ƙarfi, kuzari, wayon dabba ya haifar da imani game da ƙwarewar musamman na mai farautar. yaya totem dabba, puma wanda aka zana a kan zane-zanen masu zane-zane.
Gina Jiki
Farautar zaki zaki fara farawa da yamma kuma yana ci gaba da dare. Artiodactyls, wanda ya wuce puma a girma da girma, ya zama abubuwa na ganima. A cikin fito na fito, yaƙin zai iya ƙarewa a cikin fatarar da maharbi. Amma wayo da dabara, abin mamakin sune manyan fa'idojin cougar farauta. Dabbar ta zabi wuri don kwanto a gefen leeward don jin warin sa ga mai yuwuwar cutar.
Cougar ya kori ganima
Haƙurin haƙuri na wannan lokacin, tsalle mai tsayi da sauri a bayan wanda aka azabtar baya barin damar faɗa ko da gora ko babban bijimi. Puma yana narkar da wuya tare da hammatarsa, yana cizon makogwaron abin farauta. Masu shayar da dabbobi masu shayarwa da beraye galibi suna shiga cikin abincin cougar, amma mai farautar mai yunwa baya ƙin sauran dabbobi. Abincin ya hada da:
- barewa, gami da caribou, wapiti, farin-wutsiyoyi, da sauransu;
- muz;
- tumakin tumaki;
- kayan miya;
- lynx;
- rami;
- gurguzu;
- biri;
- fararen fata
- sunadarai;
- beavers;
- zomaye;
- armadillos, da dai sauransu
A wasu lokuta ba safai ba, ana ganin cougar yana cin abinci. Farauta ga manyan kadoji, barebari, grizzlies an cakuɗa tare da kama tsuntsaye, kama kifi, kwari, har ma da katantanwa. Babban abin da ke taimaka wa dabba ya rayu cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin abinci. Wani lokaci cougar yana biyan ransa don kai hare-hare a gonakin shanu, jagororin gona, inda ba ta keɓe kuliyoyi, karnuka, tsuntsaye.
Cougars namiji (hagu) da mace
Kokarin yana cin kusan kilogram 1300 na nama a shekara. Wani fasali na mai farautar shine sha'awar samun abinci cikin tanadi don buƙatu na gaba. Puma tana ɗauke da ragowar gawarwakin da ba a ci ba, tana ɓoye su a keɓaɓɓun wurare, suna rufe naman da ganyaye da rassa. Indiyawan, waɗanda suka yi nazarin halaye na cougar, sun bi ta don tattara gawarwakin da ba su da kyau. Bayanai tare da kayan masarufi sun zama ganima ga sauran masu lalata fiye da sau ɗaya.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Balagagge na jima'i na dabbobi yana faruwa ne daga shekaru 2-3. Cougars-male suna fara neman abokin tarayya lokacin da suka sami yankin farautar su, suna haɗe da yankunan mata. Dabbobi ba su da takamaiman lokacin saduwarsu.
Lokacin jima'i yana tare da kururuwa, kururuwa, faɗa na maza. Mata masu ciki suna ɗaukar zuriya na kimanin kwanaki 90. Suna yin ɗaki a cikin keɓaɓɓen wuri daga cikin tushen, ciyawar ciyawa, har ma a kofofin dutsen don haihuwar jarirai. Akwai kittens na 1-4 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi waɗanda aka haifa makaho, kowannensu yana da nauyin 400-500 g. Launin ido na sabbin coaugan shuɗi shuɗi ne. Bayan lokaci, zai canza zuwa launin ruwan kasa, sautin amber. An hango launin fur na 'ya'yan cubs - wannan sake kamannin yana kariya daga masu farauta, gami da coan kwando.
Cougar mace da ɗiyanta
A watan farko na rayuwa, jariran da aka haifa suna girma cikin sauri, a cikin makonni biyu da haihuwa, hakoransu suka balle, kyanwa suka fara gani da ji, kuma suna ta rarrafe cikin rami. Lokaci-lokaci, dole ne mace ta je farauta, ta bar jariran ita kaɗai. Cougar din yana kokarin tsayawa kusa da shi, amma sannu a hankali, yayin da 'ya'yan kitsen suka girma, sai ya kauce daga yankin. Daga shekara bakwai da haihuwa, coan cougars suna canzawa zuwa abincin manya, kodayake basu riga sun ba madarar uwa ba.
Bayan makonni 8-9, tare da mace, kyanwa za su tafi neman abinci. Tana koya musu farauta, rabu da samari masu tasowa. Gilashin da ke jikin rigar sun ɓace gaba ɗaya da shekaru 2, canjin launi yana nuna farkon lokacin balaga. Don ɗan lokaci, ana ajiye matasa cougars a cikin rukuni, amma sai suka watse don neman rukunin yanar gizon su. Dole ne maza su yi tafiyar ɗaruruwan kilomita, suna haɗarin haɗuwa da wani mutum, mazan da suka manyanta, waɗanda ke kore yara, har ma da kisa.
Cougar mama tana kare hera heranta masu ƙarfi
A kan wannan hanya mai wahala, dabbobi masu yunwa suna yawo cikin ƙasashen manoma don neman sauƙin ganima. Rayuwar cougar a cikin yanayi yakan katse saboda rauni, sau da yawa daga cututtuka. Ba duk dabbobi ke rayuwa har tsufa ba. Matsakaicin tsawon lokaci a cikin yanayin yanayi shine shekaru 10-12. A gidajen zoo, an tsawaita rayuwa zuwa shekaru 20.
Puma a matsayin dabbar dabba na da ban sha'awa a halin yanzu. Amma yanayin mai farauta baya jurewa kangin bauta, takurawa. Kula da dabba yana da tsada: farashin cougar na shekarun kyanwa yana farawa daga dubu dubu 180, abincin nama da kulawa suna da tsada. Hakikanin wurin dabbobi shine a cikin yanayi. Yana da mahimmanci a sanya su duniyar da cougars zasu iya ci gaba da layin rayuwarsu.
