Kwayar dabba ta samo asali ne daga kwayar shuka. Wannan tunanin na masana kimiyya ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da Euglena Zelena yayi. A cikin wannan unicellular, an haɗu da siffofin dabba da tsire-tsire. saboda haka Euglena yayi la'akari da matsayin tsaka-tsakin yanayi da kuma tabbatar da ka'idar hadin kan dukkan rayayyun halittu. Dangane da wannan ka'idar, mutum ya samo asali ne ba kawai daga birrai ba, har ma daga tsirrai. Shin zamu tura Darwiniyanci a bayan fage?
Bayani da siffofin Euglena
A cikin rarrabuwa data kasance Euglena Zelena yana nufin algae unicellular. Kamar sauran tsirrai, tsiron unicellular yana dauke da chlorophyll. Dangane da haka, a cikin alamun Euglena Zelena ya hada da damar iya daukar hoto - jujjuyawar makamashi zuwa sinadarai. Wannan na hali ne na shuke-shuke. Ana iya ganin sa kawai a ƙarƙashin microscope, wanda za'a iya sayan sa a cikin madubin microscope.
Tsarin Euglena Zelena yana nuna kasancewar chloroplasts 20 a cikin kwayar. A cikin su ne chlorophyll ke mai da hankali. Chloroplasts faranti ne masu kore kuma ana samun su kawai a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta tare da tsakiya a tsakiya. Ana kiran ciyarwar hasken rana autotrophic. Euglena yana amfani da irin wannan yayin rana.
Tsarin Euglena Zelena
Burin fata na halittun unicellular zuwa haske ana kiran sa tabbataccen phototaxis. Da daddare, alga yana heterotrophic, ma'ana, yana tsotse kwayoyin halitta daga ruwa. Ruwan dole ne ya zama sabo. Dangane da haka, ana samun Euglena a cikin tabkuna, kududdufai, fadama, koguna, sun fi son gurɓatattun abubuwa. A cikin tafkunan ruwa mai tsafta, algae kaɗan ne a adadi ko sam basa cikin su.
Rayuwa a cikin gurɓatattun ruwayoyin ruwa, Euglena Zelenaya na iya zama jigilar trypanos da Leishmania. Na karshen shine wakili na haifar da yawan cututtukan fata. Hakanan Trypanosomes suna haifar da ci gaban cutar bacci ta Afirka. Yana shafar lafazin jiki, tsarin juyayi, kuma yana haifar da zazzabi.
Foraunar ruwa mai tsafta tare da ragowar ragowar euglena tana da alaƙa da amoeba. Jarumar labarin kuma zata iya farawa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Ya isa a manta game da tacewa, sauya ruwa a ciki na wani lokaci. Idan Euglena ya kasance a cikin akwatin kifaye, ruwan yana daddawa. Sabili da haka, masu binciken ruwa suna ɗaukar algae unicellular a matsayin wani nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta.
Dole ne mu tsinci ruwan tafki na gida tare da sunadarai, yayin dasa kifin cikin sauran kwantena. Koyaya, wasu masanan ruwa suna daukar jarumar labarin azaman abincin soya. Thearshen ya fahimci Euglene kamar dabbobi, yana lura da motsi mai motsi.
Ana yada Euglena a gida azaman abinci don soya. Kada ku je kandami koyaushe. Protozoa ya ninka cikin sauri a kowane abinci mai datti da ruwa. Babban abu ba shine cire jita-jita daga hasken rana ba. In ba haka ba, aikin photosynthesis zai tsaya.
Abincin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda Euglena ke shakatawa da daddare, alama ce ta dabbobi. Wani dabba mai layin daya hada da:
- Motsi mai aiki. Kejin Euglena Green yana da tuta. Yunkurin jujjuyawar sa suna ba da motsi na algae. Yana tafiya a hankali. Wannan ya bambanta Euglena Green da Takalmin Infusoria... Latterarshen yana motsawa cikin sauƙi, yana da yawancin cilia maimakon ɗaya tutar. Sun fi guntu da wavy.
- Rashin motsa jiki. Suna kama da zoben tsoka.
- Bakin mazurari. Kamar wannan, Euglena bashi da buɗe baki. Koyaya, a ƙoƙarin kama abincin abinci, unicellular, kamar yadda yake, yana latsawa zuwa cikin ɓangaren membrane na waje. Ana ajiye abinci a cikin wannan sashin.
Ganin cewa Green Euglena yana da alamun tsire-tsire da dabbobi, masana kimiyya suna jayayya game da mallakar jarumar labarin ga wata masarauta. Mafi rinjaye don lissafin Euglena zuwa flora. Kimanin 15% na masana kimiyya suna yin la'akari da dabbobin da ba su da rai. Sauran suna ganin Euglene azaman matsakaiciyar tsari.
Alamun Euglena Zelena
Jikin unicellular yana da siffar fusiform. Yana da harsashi mai tauri. Tsawon jikin yana kusa da milimita 0.5. A gaban jikin Euglena dull ne. Akwai ido ja a nan. Yana daukar hoto kuma yana bawa unel salula damar samun wuraren "ciyarwa" da rana. Saboda yawan idanu a wuraren da Euglene ke tarawa, saman ruwa yana da launin ja, launin ruwan kasa.
Euglena Green a karkashin madubin hangen nesa
Hakanan an haɗa tutar sama zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen sel. Mutanen da aka haifa bazai da shi ba, tunda kwayar halitta ta kasu kashi biyu. Tutar jirgin sama tana kan ɗayan sassan. A na biyu, gabobin motsa jiki suna girma akan lokaci. Ararshen jikin Euglena Green shuka yana da nuna. Wannan yana taimakawa algae don dunƙule cikin ruwa, inganta haɓaka, sabili da haka saurin.
Gwarzo na labarin yana halin metabolism. Ikon canza yanayin jiki ne. Kodayake galibi yana da sifa iri-iri, yana iya zama:
- kamar gicciye
- mirgina
- mai siffar zobe
- dunƙule.
Kowane irin nau'i ne Euglena, ba a ganin alamar ta idan kwayar tana da rai. An ɓoye aikin daga idanu saboda yawan motsi. Idon mutum ba zai iya kama shi ba. Diameterananan diamita na flagellum shima yana ba da gudummawa ga wannan. Kuna iya bincika shi a ƙarƙashin madubin hangen nesa.
Tsarin Euglena
Don taƙaita abin da aka faɗa a cikin surori na farko, Euglena Green - dabba ko tsire-tsire, wanda ya kunshi:
- Flagellum, kasancewar wannnan ya sanya Euglena a cikin ajin masu buga tambari. Wakilanta suna da tsari 1 zuwa 4. Girman tutar tauraron yana kusan micrometers 0.25. An rufe aikin tare da membrane plasma kuma an haɗa shi da microtubes. Suna matsawa dangin juna. Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da motsi gabaɗaya na tutar ƙasa. An haɗe shi da gawarwakin 2 na asali. Suna kiyaye tutar sauri a cikin cytoplasm na kwayar halitta.
- Bakin dutse. An kuma kira shi stigma. Ya fibunshi zaren ido da kuma kamawar ruwan tabarau. Saboda su, ido yana kama haske. Gilashin tabarau yana nuna saman tutar. Karɓar motsi, ya fara motsi. Red sashin jiki saboda launuka masu launi na lipid - mai. An canza launi tare da carotenoids, musamman, hematochrome. Ana kiran launukan launuka masu launin launin ruwan lemo mai suna carotenoids. Ocellus yana kewaye da membrane kwatankwacin na chloroplast.
- Chromatophores. Wannan shine sunan ƙwayoyin launin fata da ɓangarorin shuke-shuke. Watau, muna magana ne game da chlorophyll da chloroplasts da ke ƙunshe da shi. Shiga cikin hotunan hoto, suna samar da carbohydrates. Haɗawa, ɗayan na iya toshe chromatophores. Sannan Euglena ya zama fari maimakon kore.
- Pellicula. Kunshi lebur membrane vesicles. Sun tsara fim din cikakken tsari. Af, a cikin Latin pillis fata ce.
- Kwancen kwangila. Dake ƙasa da gindin tambarin. A Latin, vacuole na nufin m. Kama da tsarin tsoka, tsarin yana kwanciya, yana tura ruwa mai yawa daga tantanin halitta. Wannan yana riƙe da girman Euglena akai-akai.
Tare da taimakon kwangilar kwanciya, ba wai kawai fitar da kayan ƙirar ke faruwa ba, har ma da numfashi. Tsarin su iri daya ne Euglena Zelena da Amoeba... Jigon kwayar halitta shine tsakiya. An sauya shi zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen algae, an dakatar da shi akan filaments na chromatin. Gwargwadon tushe shine tushen rarrabuwa, wanda yake ninkawa Euglena Kore. Class mafi sauki shine halin wannan hanyar haifuwa.
Ruwan cikar kwayar halittar Euglena shine cytoplasm. Tushenta shine hyaloplasm. Ya ƙunshi sunadarai, polysaccharides da nucleic acid. Daga cikin su ake saka abubuwa masu kama da sitaci. Sinadaran a zahiri suna iyo cikin ruwa. Wannan maganin shine cytoplasm.
Adadin abin da ke cikin cytoplasm ba shi da tabbas kuma ba shi da tsari. Ciwon gani na kwayar halitta ba shi da launi. Euglene yana da launi ta hanyar chlorophyll. A zahiri, cytoplasm an iyakance shi ta gungu, mahaifa da membrane.
Gina Jiki
Abincin Euglena Zelena ba kawai rabin autotrophic ba, amma rabin heterotrophic. Dakatar da abu mai kama da sitaci yana tarawa a cikin cytoplasm na ƙwayar. Wannan ajiyar abinci ce mai kyau don ruwan sama. Cakuda nau'in abinci ana kiransa mixotrophic daga masana kimiyya. Idan Euglena ya shiga cikin jikin ruwa ɓoye daga haske, misali, waɗanda suke kogo, sannu a hankali yakan rasa chlorophyll.
Sannan algae unicellular ya fara zama kamar dabba mafi sauki, tana ciyarwa ne kawai akan kwayoyin halitta. Wannan ya sake tabbatar da yiwuwar dangantaka tsakanin tsirrai da dabbobi. A gaban hasken wuta, jarumar labarin ba ta neman "farauta" kuma ba ta aiki. Me yasa za a girgiza tambari yayin da abinci a cikin hanyar haske ya fado muku? Euglena ta fara motsawa kawai a yanayin maraice.
Algae ba zai iya yin ba tare da abinci da dare ba, tunda yana da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Babu wani wuri da zai samar da wadataccen makamashi. Kudin da aka tara ana kashe su nan da nan kan hanyoyin rayuwa. Idan Euglena tana fama da yunwa, tana fuskantar rashin haske da rashin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa, zata fara cin wani abu mai kama da sitaci. Ana kiran sa paramil. Dabbobin ma suna amfani da kitse da aka adana ƙarƙashin fata.
Don ajiyar wutar lantarki protozoan Euglena Green wuraren shakatawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin mafitsara. Bakin wuya ne wanda algae ke samarwa idan aka matsa shi. Capsule kamar kumfa yake. A zahiri, an fassara ma'anar "cyst" daga Girkanci.
Kafin samuwar mafitsara, algae ta zubar da tutar. Lokacin da yanayi mara kyau ya bada hanya zuwa daidaitattun yanayi, to mafitsara ta tsiro. Euglena ɗaya na iya fitowa daga cikin kwanten, ko kuma da yawa. Kowannensu yayi sabuwar tuta. Da rana, Euglens kan garzaya zuwa wuraren da hasken ke da kyau na tafkin, yana kiyayewa saman. Da daddare, ana rarraba kwayoyin halittar unicellular a duk yankin kandami ko kogin baya.
Organoids na Euglena Green
Organoids na dindindin ne kuma na musamman ne. Ana samun waɗannan a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi da na tsire-tsire. Akwai madadin lokaci - gabobin jikin mutum.
Organoids na Euglena Green, a zahiri, sunaye a cikin babin "Gini". Kowane kwayar halitta abu ne mai mahimmanci na kwayar halitta, wanda ba tare da shi ba zai iya ba:
- ninka
- gudanar da mitar abubuwa daban-daban
- hada wani abu
- samarwa da sauya makamashi
- canja wuri da adana kayan halittar gado
Organelles halayyar kwayoyin eukaryotic ne. Wadannan lallai suna da mahimmanci da membrane mai siffar waje. Euglena Zelenaya ya dace da bayanin. Don taƙaitawa, gabobin jijiyoyin sun hada da: reticulum endoplasmic, tsakiya, membrane, centrioles, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, da kayan aikin Golgi. Kamar yadda kake gani, saitin abubuwan gabobin Euglena yana da iyaka. Wannan yana nuna dadadden halittar unicel.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Sake bugun Euglena Zelena, kamar yadda aka ce, yana farawa da fashin nukiliya. Sabbin sababbi sun rarrabu a bangarorin bangarorin keji. Sannan ya fara rabewa a cikin shugabanci mai tsayi. Rarraba ƙungiya ba zai yiwu ba. Layin katsewar Euglena Zelena ya gudana tsakanin ginshiƙai biyu. Bakin da aka raba, kamar yadda yake, an rufe akan kowane rabin tantanin halitta. Ya zama guda biyu masu zaman kansu.
Duk da yake rabuwa mai tsayi yana faruwa, ana samun tuta a kan “ɓangaren mara daɗi”. Tsarin zai iya faruwa ba kawai a cikin ruwa ba, har ma a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, a kan kankara. Euglena yana haƙuri da sanyi. Saboda haka, ana samun dusar ƙanƙara mai banƙyama a cikin Urals, Kamchatka, da tsibirin Arctic. Gaskiya ne, galibi launin ja ne ko duhu. Dangi na jarumar labarin - Red da Black Euglena - suna a matsayin nau'in launin fata.
Raba na Euglena Zelena
Rayuwar Euglena Zelena, a zahiri, ba ta da iyaka, tunda unelellular ta sake haifuwa ta hanyar rarrabuwa. Sabon tantanin halitta wani bangare ne na tsohuwar. A lokaci guda, na farko ya ci gaba da “bada” zuriya, ya rage kansa.
Idan yayi magana game da rayuwar wata kwayar halitta, wanda ke riƙe da mutuncin ta, muna magana ne game da 'yan kwanaki. Wannan shine zamanin mafi yawan kwayoyin halittun unicel. Rayuwarsu karama ce kamar girmansu. Af, kalmar "Euglena" ta ƙunshi kalmomin Helenanci biyu - "eu" da "glene". Na farko an fassara shi da "mai kyau", na biyun kuma shine "haske mai haske". A cikin ruwa, algae suna haske sosai.
Tare da sauran hanyoyin talla, Euglena Zelenaya suna zuwa tsarin karatun makaranta. Ana nazarin algae mai ɗorewa ɗaya a cikin aji 9th. Sau da yawa malamai suna ba yara daidaitaccen sigar cewa Euglena tsire-tsire ne. Tambayoyi game da shi ana samun su a cikin jarabawa a ilmin halitta.
Mutum na iya shirya wa littattafan ilimin tsirrai da na dabbobi. Dukansu suna da babin sadaukarwa ga Euglene Zelena. Saboda haka, wasu malamai suna koya wa yara game da dual na unicellular. Musamman galibi ana ba da kwatancen zurfafawa a cikin azuzuwan ilimin kimiyyar biochemical na musamman. Da ke ƙasa akwai bidiyo game da Euglene Zelena, wanda ke tsoratar da ciliates na takalma.
