Bayani da fasali
Daga cikin wakilan masarautar dabbobin ta duniya, akwai wasu irin samfuran dabbobin da ba a saba gani ba wanda masana kimiyya ba sa ma fahimtar yadda za a tsara su da kuma dangin su da za su gane su. Wadannan halittu sun hada da fandare.
A wani lokaci, manyan rikice-rikice sun ɓarke tsakanin masanan dabbobi don gano wace iyali wannan dabba ya kamata a danganta ta. Abin ban mamaki shine sabon abu mai ban mamaki wanda aka rufe shi da gashi mai laushi.
Kuma da farko sun yanke shawara cewa wannan dabba ta fi kusa da raccoons, kawai a cikin girman ta fi girma. Gaskiya ne, akwai waɗanda suka ga alaƙa da damisa, damisa da dila. Amma nazarin halittu ya karyata wadannan zato, yana mai yanke hukuncin cewa halaye da yawa masu alaƙa da wannan dabba kyakkyawa har yanzu suna tare da beyar.
Kuma yanayin motsi, musamman yanayin halin pandas, kawai ya tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar. Sabili da haka, a ƙarshe an sanya su cikin dangin beyar, suna bayyana cewa akwai alamun daban daga raccoon har yanzu ana kiyaye su a cikin waɗannan halittun.
Amma wannan ita ce tambaya da tattaunawa game da ita abin da Panda dabba, bai ƙare ba, saboda halittun da masani game da duniyar dabbobi suka yarda su kira manyan pandas suma suna da ƙarami. Kuma tare da rarrabuwa na karshen, komai ya zama har yanzu yana da wahala. Amma ƙari akan hakan daga baya.
A karo na farko a cikin littattafan adabi, an ambaci wannan wakilin fauna a cikin tarin tsoffin waƙoƙin Sin da tarihin tarihin Daular Celestial. An kiyasta shekarun waɗannan bayanan kusan shekaru dubu uku.
Af, Sinawa sun kira irin wannan dabbar: xiongmao, wanda ake fassara da "bear-cat". Kuma wannan laƙabin yana yin magana don kansa game da bayyanar dabbar da halayenta.
Katuwar panda ta kai girman kimanin mita daya da rabi, amma idan aka ƙara girman jela zuwa tsawonta, wanda kuma wani santimita 12.5 ne, to sakamakon auna zai ɗan ƙara.
Nauyin dabbar ya kai kilo 160. Launin fur din wadannan halittu masu ban al'ajabi, kamar su ma, babu kamarsu. Gashin kansu yana da fari fari sosai, amma da'irar da idanuwansu suka kasance baƙi ne.
Kunnuwa da wutsiya suna da launi iri daya, haka nan kuma tsiri a jiki, yayi kama da abin wuya. Paafafun hannuwansu, ƙarancin yanayi daidai gwargwado tare da jiki, suma baƙi ne.
An banbanta gaban ƙafafun dabbobi ta hanyar daki-daki mai ban sha'awa game da tsarin. An basu yatsu shida. Amma mafi daidai, akwai yatsu biyar kawai, kuma ƙari akan su yakamata a yi la'akari da haɓakar ƙwanƙwasawa ta jiki wacce aka rufe ta da fata.
Kuma wannan gyaran yana da matukar alfanu wajen taimakawa dabbobi su rayu a cikin muhallin su.
Ana samun manyan pandas a wasu lardunan China, musamman a Shaanxi, Gansu da Sichuan, da kuma a Tibet, inda ake zabar wuraren daji da suka cika da gora don rayuwarsu.
Abin da ya sa irin waɗannan dabbobi suka sami laƙabi beyar gora. Abun da aka ambata kawai game da tsarin ƙafafun yana basu damar sauƙin riƙe ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire, a cikin daskararrun abin da suke son ɓoyewa.
Suna kama su da gabansu. Kuma suma masu yatsu shida suna taimaka musu hawa dutsen bishiyoyi masu tsayi sosai.
Nau'in Panda
Ci gaba da labarinmu game da biyu: manya da ƙananan nau'ikan waɗannan wakilai masu ban mamaki na fauna, mun lura: duk da dadaddun wuraren da aka bayyana su, sun zama sanannu ga duniya kawai fiye da ƙarni kaɗan da suka gabata.
Abin baƙin ciki ne, waɗannan halittun da ke rayuwa a cikin yankin Asiya. Tattaunawa game da rabe-rabensu kuma yana da rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙananan pandas suna da bambance-bambance da yawa daga wanda aka bayyana a baya, sabili da haka an ƙi yarda a sanya su a cikin dangin bear.
Dole ne mu yarda da cewa: asalin waɗannan halittu sun kasance sirri ne har wa yau.
Theananan panda kuma ya sami yawancin dangi a cikin wakilan dabbobin ƙasa. Irin waɗannan halittun sun kasance cikin dangin dabbar skunk, raccoon, weasel. Amma a ƙarshe an tilasta su yin watsi da wannan kamfani.
Pananan panda ba kamar kowa bane, sabili da haka an sanya shi a matsayin dangi mai zaman kansa na ƙananan panaceae. Kuma tare da dabbobin da aka ambata, kamanni mai nisa cikin tsari da halayyar da aka lura da shi, yana haɗuwa cikin gidan dangi na marten-like.
Koyaya, ƙananan pandas suna da kamanceceniya da babban ɗan'uwansu. Musamman, sun yi kama da kasancewar yatsa na shida na ƙarya.
Girman wannan dabbar yakai cm 55. smallaramar panda tana alfahari da doguwa, mai santsi, a yanayi na musamman kusan rabin mita, wutsiya. Jikin dabba yana da tsayi; bakin bakin kaifi ne, gajere. Hakanan siffofin bayyanar sune: kai mai fadi, kunnuwa masu kusurwa uku; ƙafafu suna da ƙarfi, amma gajere.
Launin waɗannan halittu yana da ban sha'awa tare da launuka iri-iri masu haske. Inuwar jikin ta sama ja ce mai walƙiya, wacce aka yi mata irin waɗannan halittu jan pandas... Amma kasan yana lura da duhu. Zai iya zama baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa-ja. Dukkanin kayan wasan suna cike da kyau ta wuraren haske na sutura.
Mazaunin wadannan dabbobi ya fi na jinsin baya girma. Amma kakanninsu sun yadu, kamar yadda karatu ya nuna, har ma ya fi fadada kuma ana samun su a cikin Turai, har ma da Arewacin Amurka.
Littleananan pandas na zamani sun sami tushe ne kawai a yankunan Asiya, yawanci gabashin Himalayas. Arin daidai: a cikin Sin, a wasu yankunanta; a cikin gobarar-gora, yankunan arewa maso gabashin Indiya, da kuma cikin Nepal.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Dukkanin jinsunan, kamar yadda aka riga aka gano, mazaunan Asiya ne, kuma mazaunin da suka fi so shine gandun daji, inda akwai wadataccen abinci a gare su. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa dabbobi ke da sanyin hali kuma suke tafiyar da rayuwar su ta nutsuwa, cikin nutsuwa, kasancewar sun shagaltu da neman abinci da taunawa.
Fandare – dabbar dare, sabili da haka, da rana, waɗannan halittu suna hutawa, suna ɓuya a cikin ramin itace mai dacewa ko wasu wurare masu jin daɗi. Pananan pandas suna bacci cikin yanayi mai ban sha'awa: sun lanƙwame kuma sun rufe kawunansu da doguwar jela.
Duk nau'ikan dabbobin suna iya yin tafiya ta cikin bishiyoyi tare da laulayi, kuma a ƙasa suna da alama ba su da kyau kuma suna jin damuwa. Dangane da waɗannan sifofin, idan dabbobin suna cikin haɗari, suna ƙoƙari su ɓuya daga bin abokan gaba ta hanyar hawa kan bishiya daidai.
Irin waɗannan dabbobin sun shahara da motsawar dariyarsu kuma suna da kyau ƙwarai da gaske don raunin ban dariya. Sabili da haka, idan sun sami kansu a gidan zoo, koyaushe suna jawo hankali. Bugu da kari, suna da dabi'a ta wasa, suna son yin lalata da yara.
Wannan halin ya fi dacewa musamman ga samari. Saboda wadannan halaye, pandas a hukumance an san su a matsayin mafi kankantar halittu a doron kasa. Kuma irin wannan lakabin girmamawa ana lura dashi koda a littafin Guinness Book of Records.
Kari kan haka, ana yaba da sha'awar wadannan dabbobi a cikin mahaifarsu, China. A cikin wannan ƙasar, sun zama tambarin ƙasa. Kuma dokokin kasa sun hana farautar wadannan dabbobi. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan matakin tilas ne kuma akwai kyawawan dalilai na gabatarwar.
Gaskiyar ita ce, waɗannan wakilan fauna suna ƙasa da ƙasa a duniya. Dangane da bayanan da ke akwai, a ƙarshen karnin da ya gabata, babu fiye da manyan pandas dubu a cikin yanayi. Saboda haka, don kisan irin waɗannan dabbobi a cikin Sina, an sanya hukuncin kisa a wani lokaci.
Tare da karamin dangi, abubuwa ba sa bakin ciki sosai, amma ana ci gaba da ɗaukar matakan kare waɗannan halittu. Wani dalili kuma na raguwar yawan panda shine canjin yanayi a doron kasa.
Dangane da wannan, yanayin da suka saba da shi yana ci gaba da wanzuwa ne kawai a iyakantattun yankuna na Duniya. Kuma sakamakon haka, kyawawan halittu suna fuskantar barazanar ƙarewa.
Koyaya, duk da tsananin haramcin, har yanzu ana ci gaba da hallaka pandas. Kuma matsalar farauta kamar ta fi tsanani. Kuma babban abin jan hankali ga mafarauta shine kyakkyawar fur ɗin waɗannan kyawawan kyawawan wakilan halittun fauna na duniya.
Gina Jiki
Panda mai girma dangi ne na bears. Sabili da haka, bisa ga dokokin halitta, yakamata ya zama wata halittar farauta. Amma akwai wadatattun keɓaɓɓu a cikin ƙa'idodin, musamman ga keɓaɓɓun halittu na halitta.
Sabili da haka, halaye na rayuwa a cikin wasu halaye suma ya kamata a kula dasu anan. Ka tuna: inda panda na zaune... Wadannan halittu sun fi son zama a cikin itacen bamboo, sabili da haka, la'akari da halaye na muhalli, sun saba da tsananin son cinye tushe da tushen wannan shuka.
Kuma shine mafi mahimmancin abincin da aka fi so a cikin abincin su. Bugu da kari, ana cin sa da yawa, saboda manya, saboda karancin kayan abinci irin su gora, ana tilasta su cinye shi da yawansu ya kai kilogiram 15 a kowace rana.
Kuma irin wannan al'ada ta dogon lokaci na cin gora, wacce ke tattare da wadannan dabbobi a matakin kwayar halitta, ba zai iya shafar tsarin halittar jiki kawai ba. Babban panda ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da wannan tsiron ba.
Sabili da haka, idan katako na bamboo ya mutu, pandas ma suna mutuwa. Amma har yanzu ana kiyaye sifofin halayyar narkewar abincin mai farautar. A sakamakon haka, cikin ciki irin na dabbobin ba su dace da aikin sarrafa wannan nau'in abincin ba.
Sabili da haka, waɗannan dabbobi ana tilasta su su ciyar da abubuwan yau da kullun tare da kifi, ƙwai tsuntsaye da namansu. Suna kuma farautar ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Af, yayin ma'amala da waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi masu kyau a gidan zoo, bai kamata ku manta da yanayin farautar su ba. Theaunar wannan halittar, mutane sun daina laákari da gaskiyar cewa suma suna da ikon nuna zalunci suma.
Game da ƙananan pandas, suna wadatar da abinci iri ɗaya, kuma suna ciyar da naman kaza. A rana, suna cin kusan kilo 4 na gora, amma koyaushe suna da harbe-harben yara masu ƙanshi.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Fandare – dabba tare da ƙarancin haihuwa. Kuma wannan, da rashin alheri, yana daya daga cikin dalilan da yasa wadannan kyawawan halittu na asali suka zama ba safai a doron kasa ba. Lokacin ƙaunataccen soyayya da mahimmiyar jima'i a cikinsu galibi yana farawa ne a lokacin bazara kuma yakan ɗauki makonni biyu.
Kuma siginar farkon su ita ce takamammen ƙamshin da ke fitowa daga dabbobi, wanda ake samun saukinsa ta hanyar abubuwan da ƙwayoyin cuta ke fitarwa.
A yayin zaman aure da ibadar aure, mutum na iya jin sautuka na musamman, masu ƙarfin gaske waɗanda waɗannan wakilai na dabbobin Asiya suka fitar. Bayan haka, iyayen Panda suna ɗaukar jariransu har tsawon watanni biyar masu zuwa (ko kaɗan).
A lokaci guda, ɗan da aka haifa bayan lokacin da aka ƙayyade yana da ƙarami kaɗan. Ba shi da taimako, ba shi da rubutu, makaho ne kuma tsirara. Amma ya girma da sauri, kuma mahaifiya mai taushi ba ta rashi kula da shi.
Yana yawan faruwa cewa ba a haifi ɗa ɗaya ba, amma tagwaye. Amma mafi karfi kawai ya tsira daga cikinsu. A lokaci guda, uwa da kanta ta zaɓi mafi inganci, kuma ta ƙi kula da ɗayan, tana shirin mutuwa.
Lokacin ciyar da madarar uwa kusan wata daya da rabi ne. Amma cuban da ke ƙarshen shayarwa ba ya barin mahaifiya na dogon lokaci, kuma tana ci gaba da ilimi har zuwa lokacin da ɗiyar za ta cika shekaru 3 da haihuwa.
Yaran Panda suna da tsananin sha'awar motsawa koyaushe da bincika duniyar da ke kewaye da su, kuma suna son yin wasa da nishaɗi. Sun balaga kamar mutanen da suka manyanta a cikin shekaru kusan biyar.
Amma sun sami cikakken iko don saduwa kawai bayan wasu shekaru biyu. An auna tsawon rayuwar waɗannan halittun kamar shekara 20. Gwamnatin kasar Sin tana kashe makuddan kudade duk shekara don kare wadannan dabbobin da ba a saba gani ba, wadanda aka bayyana a cikin kasar a matsayin dukiyar kasa.
