Bayani da fasali
Ana samun wakilin son tsuntsaye a cikin makiyayar Rasha - gidan sama... Tana alfahari ba kawai kyawawan tufafi ba, har ma da kyakkyawar murya, wacce ba ta gaza da ingancin sauti ga rairayin waƙar maraice, wanda ita dangi ce.
Waɗannan halittu na cikin dangin jirgin sama. Suna da ƙarami kaɗan, kusan girman girman gwaraɗan tsayi (tsayin jiki kusan 15 cm), kuma suna matsayin mai wucewa.
Zai zama da sauƙi a rikita su da irin waɗannan tsuntsayen, saboda wasu kamanceceniya, in ba don launuka masu haske na labulen ba.
Mazaje na maza sun fito da kyau na musamman. An kawata kamannin shuɗin shuke-shuke da abin wuya na shuɗi mai duhu, ja, launuka masu launin rawaya. Maza, wadanda lamuransu ke da haske musamman a lokacin saduwa, sun fita dabam daga 'yan matan su ta fuskar kasancewar launin ruwan kasa, mai ƙyalli mai haske a ƙarƙashin abin wuya.
Kuma a bluethroats mace a bayan fagen wasan gaba daya na launuka, kodayake ba tare da launin ja da shuɗi ba, a wurin da aka nuna zaku iya ganin shuɗi mai shuɗi wanda ya ɗauke idanun mai kallo. Bayan irin wadannan tsuntsayen masu launin ruwan kasa ne, wani lokacin ma launin shuɗi ne, ciki yakan fi sauƙi.
Babban taken a cikin maza mai ja ne. Wutsiya, wacce take birgima da buɗewa kamar mai kyau fan, ya kasance mai duhu a ƙarshen kuma ya zama mai launin ruwan kasa a tsakiya. Bakin irin waɗannan halittu masu fuka-fuki galibi baki ne.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna iya samar da farin ciki a cikin zukata ba wai ta hanyar layin layinsu ba. Suna da siriri kuma suna da kyau, kuma an sami nasarar ƙarfafa falalar waɗannan tsuntsayen da dogayen baƙin ƙafafunsu.
Fitsarin jikin bluethroat na mata bai kai na na namiji haske ba.
Muryar Bluethroat a wasu lokuta yakan zama kamar kamannin dare mai fa'ida wanda fassarar sautin wadannan tsuntsayen biyu na iya rikicewa sosai. Sirrin ya ta'allaka ne da cewa bayinan da aka bayyana na masarauta masu baiwa an basu damar halitta ta yadda zasu iya kwaikwayon rairayin wasu tsuntsaye, suna yin muryoyinsu.
Saurari muryar bluethroat tsuntsu
Wataƙila shi ya sa a Latin ake kiran irin waɗannan tsuntsaye "Yaren mutanen Sweden masu dare". Don haka ake kiran su har yanzu, waɗanda suka rayu kimanin ƙarni uku da suka gabata, Zuwa Linnaeus, mashahurin masanin kimiyya-masanin haraji.
Don tabbatar da adalci, ya kamata a sani cewa abubuwan da ake kira "nightingale" waɗanda ke haifar da ƙyamar bluethroats har yanzu ba su da bambanci kamar na dangin su masu muryar, amma yana da daɗin sauraren su. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kowane ɗayan shuɗar shuke-shuke yana da waƙoƙin mutum.
Ana kiran bluethroat ɗan ƙasar Sweden don kyawawan waƙoƙin sa.
A nan ana rarrabe yanayin launin waƙa, da yadda ake haifuwa, da sautinta da sauran waƙoƙin dabara ta asali.
Zai iya zama mai ban mamaki musamman waƙar bluethroat, mafi daidai, wakilan maza na wannan nau'ikan, yayin lokacin fara al'adun aure. Suna sanya kide kide da wake-wake, farawa da sanyin safiya, lokacin da sautukan tsuntsaye ke da daɗi musamman, kuma yana ƙarewa faɗuwar rana.
Samun muradinsu, suna zaune akan rassan daji, masu kwalliya, suna nuna baiwarsu ga budurwansu, galibi suna tashi sama, suna yin fasalin yanayin wannan rayuwar tsuntsaye.
Ayyukan kide-kide da aka ambata a baya suna tare da dannawa, chirps da bushe-bushe, waɗanda aka karɓa daga wasu wakilan ƙungiyoyin 'yan uwansu masu fuka-fuka waɗanda ke zaune a cikin unguwa. Tsuntsaye sukan maimaita hadewar sauti "varak-varak", wanda shine dalilin suna.
Baya ga yankuna na kasarmu, irin wadannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa ne a kan manyan yankuna na Nahiyar Turai da Asiya, kuma ana samun su ne a Alaska. A lokacin hunturu, suna matsawa zuwa yankuna masu dumi na Arewacin Afirka ko yankunan kudu na Asiya, zuwa ƙasashe kamar Indiya, wanda ya dace da kowane yanayi, ko yamma, zuwa Pakistan, inda suke neman mafaka a wuraren da babu ruwa mai natsuwa a cikin dajin ciyawa.
Don mafakar hunturu, sun zabi yankuna kudu da hamadar Sahara, inda akwai dausayi da yawa, da kuma koguna, wadanda bankunansu suna da wadataccen ciyayi mai yawa.
Irin
Kasancewa daga nau'ikan iri-iri, wadannan wakilai na duniya masu fuka-fuki sun kasu kashi biyu, daga cikinsu akwai goma sha daya gaba daya. Karatun yana gudana musamman ta mazauni. Kuma wakilansu sun banbanta a sikelin launi na lilin, wanda yake a ciki bayanin bluethroats kowane ɗayan waɗannan rukunin.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin ƙayyadadden mallakar wasu ƙananan ragi shine girma da inuwar tabo. Mazaunan arewacin Rasha, Scandinavia, Kamchatka da Siberia an rarrabe su da jan launi na wannan adon, a alamance ana kiransu da "tauraro". Manyan shuke-shuke masu launin ja, a matsayin ƙa'ida, mazauna arewa ne, ana samun su koda a Yakutia da Alaska.
Launin launin fari yana cikin asalin Transcaucasian, Tsakiyar Turai da Yammacin Turai. Bluethroats da ke zaune a Iran galibi ana nuna su da rashin wannan alamar kwata-kwata.
Hakanan, wakilan nau'ikan da aka bayyana sun bambanta cikin girman. Misali, tsarin shuwagabannin Scandinavia, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, sun fi girma fiye da Tsakiyar Rasha, Tien Shan, ƙananan ƙasashen Caucasian.
Wasu nau'ikan halittun bluethroat suma basu da haske sosai.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, waɗannan wakilai ne masu ƙaura na masarautar fuka-fukai. Zuwa lokacin hunturu (wanda yawanci yakan faru a ƙarshen watan Agusta), ba sa taruwa a cikin garken tumaki, amma suna zuwa yankunan dumi ɗaya bayan ɗaya.
Yayin da suke kokarin yin hanyoyin iskarsu ta gefen kogin, wadannan halittu masu fuka-fuki suna motsi, suna tsayawa akai-akai a cikin dajin daji. Kusan ba zai yuwu a lura da jirgin su ba, tunda ana yin su ne da daddare, kuma shuwagabannin bluethroats basa son tsayi da nisan nesa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa don jirage tsuntsayen shudi a kowane lokaci, ba wai kawai lokacin ƙaura ba, yana da kasala sosai, kuma yakan tashi sama ne kawai a lokacin da ya zama dole, galibi yana kusa da ƙasa. Irin waɗannan halittu suna gudu da sauri, lokaci zuwa lokaci suna tsayawa, yayin da suke karkatar da jelarsu, kuma, suna saukar da fikafikansu, suna yin sautuna masu firgitarwa.
Suna dawowa daga filayen hunturu (galibi daga Indiya da Arewacin Afirka) wani wuri a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Nan da nan da isowar su, mazan suka ga sun dimauce da binciken wani gidan buzaye. Girmanta yawanci yana da mahimmanci, a wasu lokuta - fiye da kadada.
Amma idan an riga an sami irin wannan wurin, za a zaɓe shi sama da shekara guda, tunda waɗannan kyawawan halittu masu fuka-fukai masu tsayayye ne. A saboda wannan dalili, kungiyoyin kwadagon iyali, da zarar an ƙirƙira su, sau da yawa suna ci gaba, tunda tsoffin mata suna da al'adar dawowa daga yankuna masu dumi zuwa wuri ɗaya.
Don haka suka hayayyafa da zuriyarsu, suna ganawa da tsoffin abokan su.
Gaskiya ne, akwai lokuta idan maza suka sami mata da yawa, biyu ko uku a lokaci guda, yayin gudanar da taimakawa kowane ɗayan sha'awar tara zuriyar. A lokaci guda, nests na budurwa, kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, suna kusa.
Daga cikin shuwagabannin, akwai kuma mata masu kadaici, sau da yawa sukan dauki nauyin kula da kajin da aka barsu ba tare da iyaye ba saboda dalilai daban-daban, kuma suna samun nasarar ciyar da 'ya' yan talla, suna maye gurbin uwa.
Bluethroats galibi suna zama a cikin ciyawar da ke da danshi mai mahimmanci, kusa da rafuka, fadama, koguna, a bakin tafkuna da kan gangaren ramuka. Wannan mawuyacin halin, mai saurin walwala ya fi so ya ɓuya daga idanuwan da ke kankara, musamman ma ɗan adam, a cikin daskararrun itacen alder, Willow, sedge, yana zaɓar ciyawar dawa da ciyawar da yawa.
Bluethroats suna zama a cikin makiyaya da dazuzzuka daji
Wakilan ƙasashen arewacin, waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin gandun daji-tundra, suna da fa'ida ga gandun daji da gandun daji.
Duk da taka tsantsan game da shuke-shuke game da bipeds, mutane a sauƙaƙe sun dace da kamun waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen. Amma a cikin bauta, suna da tushe sosai kuma yawanci suna farantawa masu su rai na dogon lokaci tare da kyawawan bayyanar su da waƙar su.
Gina Jiki
Bluethroats ba su da daɗi a cikin abinci, tare da nishaɗi ta amfani da abincin dabbobi biyu: kwari iri iri, tsutsotsi, caterpillars, beetles, da tsire-tsire, misali, suna kaunar 'ya'yan itacen berry.
Wadannan tsuntsayen galibi suna neman abinci kusa da ƙasa, suna yin nazarin manyan matakansa na sama don neman ganima, rake ƙasa da zuga ganyen da ya faɗi a shekarar da ta gabata. Amma a wasu halaye, shuwagabannin sama sun yanke shawarar tafiya farautar iska, don haka su kama kwari da sauran kwari, kuma a lokacin rani babu ƙarancin irin waɗannan abincin.
Sau da yawa, motsawa a ƙasa cikin manyan tsalle, tsuntsu yana neman ya ci slugs, gizo-gizo, mayflies, kwari kwari, ciyawar fure. Koda kananan kwadi na iya zama ganima.
Misali, bayan kamawa wata kwari, tsuntsayen shudi, ba ya shanye ganinta kai tsaye, amma da farko yana girgiza shi da kyau, yana ci gaba da yin hakan har sai duk wata datti da ba za ta ci ba ta girgiza daga cikin ƙoshin abincin da aka tanada don abinci zuwa ciki.
Kuma kawai sai ya fara cin abincin, bayan da ya haɗiye yummy ɗin da aka sarrafa. A cikin kaka, laifi ne ga irin waɗannan wakilai na masarauta masu fuka-fuki kada su ci abinci a kan 'ya'yan itace, thea fruitsan rya birdan cherry da elderberry, wanda adadi mai mahimmanci ya bayyana.
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna kiwon 'ya'yansu, suna ciyar dasu da farko da kwari, larvae da kwari. Koyaya, abincin kajin har ila yau ya haɗa da abincin asalin tsirrai.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
A cikin wani muhimmin lokaci na wasannin mating, maza suna ƙoƙari ta kowace hanya don nunawa mata kyawawan layinsu. Amma ko da a baya - wani wuri a cikin watan Afrilu, bayan sun fallasa abokansu tare da dawowa daga hunturu na wani lokaci, maza sun himmatu wajen zaba da tsare yankunansu da suka zaba, tare da yin taka tsantsan tare da tabbatar da cewa sauran dangin sun nisanta sosai.
Bluethroats ba su da ma'amala, musamman a wannan lokacin. Yanzu babban abu ne a gare su, kasancewar sun haɗu cikin haɗin kan iyali, don ɗaga ƙarfi da ƙoshin lafiya masu maye gurbin yanayin halittar bluethroat.
Mataki na gaba bayan zaɓar abokin tarayya shine gina gida. Irin wadannan halittu suna gina wannan gida mai dadi ga kajin daga tushe da ciyawa, yanke su da gansakuka a waje, sannan su rufe su da kyalli daga ciki.
A cikin hoton, ƙwayoyin bluethroat a cikin gida
Sun fi sanya tsarin su kusa da ruwa a cikin daskararrun daji na bishiyoyi a kan ƙananan rassan, wani lokacin ma kawai a ƙasa. Zai yuwu sau da yawa ka haɗu da gidajen waɗannan tsuntsayen a kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam a cikin tsibiyoyin tsoffin rassa.
Sanya a can ƙwayoyin bluethroat (yawanci akan kai har 7 daga cikinsu) suna da launin shuɗi-zaitun, wani lokacin tare da inuwar launin toka-toka ko ja-ja.
Abokiyar aure tana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiwon zuriya, kodayake abokin tarayya ne kawai ke tsunduma cikin ƙyanƙyasar ƙwai (lokacin yana ɗaukar makonni biyu). Amma Namiji yana taimaka mata wajen tsara gida-gida, yana bawa maigidanta abinci, yana ciyar da yaran da aka haifa daga baya.
Kajin Bluethroat a cikin gida
Kajin irin wadannan tsuntsayen halittun motley ne wadanda aka rufe su da launin ja-ja-ja-ja da kasa-kasa.
Yaran da ke girma suna cikin jin daɗi, tare da duk abubuwan more rayuwa na gidan iyayen na tsawon sati biyu kawai. Kuma bayan wannan lokacin, kalar bluethroat tuni yayi ƙoƙari don rayuwa mai zaman kanta da jirage, amma iyayen sun goyi bayan broan tare da kulawarsu na wani sati.
Yara ba sa manta yankin da suka girma, suna saba da shi kuma suna ƙoƙari su dawo bazara ta gaba zuwa wurin da suka saba. Wadannan kyawawan halittu masu dauke da fuka-fukai suna rayuwa kusan shekaru uku a cikin daji.
Yawan mutanen bluethroats na arewa yana da karko sosai. Amma a Turai ta Tsakiya, inda dausayi da yawa suka malale, adadin wadannan tsuntsayen, da suka rasa muhallansu, ya ragu sosai.
