Bayani da siffofin nau'in
Mutum ya fara kiwon aladu, a cewar masana kimiyya, sama da shekaru dubu goma da suka gabata. Hakan ya faru ne a Gabas ta Tsakiya, a cewar wasu kafofin - in Ancient China. Kuma mutane sun yi hakan ne musamman saboda yawan kalori mai gina jiki da nama mai dadi.
Wadannan kayan abinci masu gina jiki sun samarwa jikin mutum ba wai kawai ma'adanai, bitamin, makamashi mai mahimmanci ga rayuwa ba, har ma da babban kariya daga cututtuka, suna aiki azaman magani.
Sun karfafa zuciya, magudanan jini, sauran gabobi da kyallen takarda. Kuma a halin yanzu, ba nama da man alade kawai ba, amma kwaskwarima da fata, da ƙasusuwan waɗannan dabbobi masu laushi, ana amfani da su a cikin masana'antar masana'antu.
A yau, an kiyasta cewa akwai kusan aladu ɗari na aladun gida a duniya. Kuma a cikin su akwai waɗancan sababbai da na musamman. Wadannan sun hada da Mangarica ta Hungary. Alade wannan nau'in yana da cikakkiyar sihiri, haske, bayyanannen bayyanar. Kuma a cikin Turai, waɗannan aladu a hankali suna rinjayi zukatan duk masu kiwon alade kuma suna cikin mafi asali.
Da farko dai, wadannan aladu shahararru ne, wadanda suke da nau'in gashi mai gashi, saboda kwalliyarsu, mai kama da gashin astrakhan, suna lullube jikinsu duka, wanda suka sami lakanin "aladun tumaki".
Ana kuma kiransu curly, gashi, ƙasa da ulu. Wannan fasalin ya sa ya yiwu irin waɗannan dabbobi ba kawai su sami kwanciyar hankali ba yayin yanayin sanyi da samun nasarar samun tushe a ƙasashe masu yanayi mara kyau, amma kuma a lokacin bazara ya zama kyakkyawan kariya daga kwari, mai ban haushi.
Bugu da kari, mangalitsa abin birgewa ne ga asalin inuwarsu ta gashi, wacce aka ba ta ikon canza tsarinta mai launi ba kawai ya danganta da sauyin yanayi ba, har ma da shekaru, nau'in abinci, yanayin kula da waɗannan dabbobin har ma da nau'in ƙasar da aka ajiye su.
Duk siffofin waje na wannan nau'in suna bayyane sosai a cikin hoton mangalica na Hungary... Inuwar gashin irin waɗannan aladu na iya zama ja-rawaya kuma ya bambanta zuwa haske, kusan fari. Wakilan irin wannan alade na iya zama baƙar fata, launin toka-ruwan kasa kuma suna da launi mai gauraya (waɗannan galibi ana kiransu haɗiyewa).
Mangalits kuma fasali:
- matsakaiciyar jiki, an lulluɓe ta da tsayi, mai kauri, da taushi tare da kumburi;
- ciki saggy;
- mai iko a cikin bayyanar, amma ƙananan kwarangwal;
- abin kunya na matsakaiciyar tsayi tare da diddige da aka dan tashi zuwa sama;
- girma da ulu, matsakaici-sized kunnuwa;
- madaidaiciya ta baya, layinta wanda yake juyawa cikin sauƙi ya zama tsugunno mai lanƙwasa;
- wutsiya mai kauri tare da farin tassel.
Kuma lalatattun aladu suna cin amana ta baki hanci da idanu tare da manyan gashin ido masu duhu, masu kyau, wanda, a haɗe tare da halaye na ban mamaki da ɗabi'ar lumana ga mutum, yana da ƙayatar dasu sosai.
Hakanan Mangalitsa na Hungary bambanta ta da launin fata mai duhu, wanda a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayi na musamman bai kamata ya zama ruwan hoda ba, kamar yadda ƙa'idodin suke buƙata. Nonuwan, wadanda galibi ba su wuce goma ba, baƙi ne.
Amma babban ulu da ulu a kunnen wannan nau'in suna daga cikin gazawa. Babban fasalin mai tsarkakakkiyar halitta shine kasancewar wurin da ake kira Velman tabo. Wannan alamar a bayan kunne ta bayyana shahararre, fili mai launin launuka.
Kiwo da kulawa
Mangalitsa an yi kiwon kusan ƙarni biyu da suka gabata a Hungary (kamar yadda sunan yake). Mai kiwon Josef ya tashi don neman irin aladun gida waɗanda za su iya jure wa sanyi, ba su da ma'ana wajen kiyayewa da ciyarwa.
Kuma sakamakon kokarinsa, ya yi kiwo, irinsa ba shi da tsada sosai, saboda halin ko-in-kula da wakilansa ke nunawa da kuma jurewa da duk wani yanayin yanayi. A lokaci guda, nau'in da aka ƙayyade ya ba mai shi damar karɓar daga irin waɗannan kyawawan kyawawan naman nama tare da keɓaɓɓen dandano, na musamman kuma mai ƙima.
Don cika aikin da aka bayyana a sama, a cikin 1833, Joseph ya tsallake boars da aladun daji tare da aladun Carpathian da na Bahar Rum, wanda ya ba da kyakkyawan sakamako.
Daga nan har zuwa tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata asalin Hungary mangalitsa ya zama sananne sosai a cikin mahaifarsa a Hungary, yana ba da naman da ba ya ƙunshe da ƙwayar cholesterol kuma jikin mutum ya yarda da shi daidai.
Naman Hungary mangalica
Isarfin tsokar dabbobin yana da darajar darajar daidaiton ɗakunan mai, kuma a cikin abinci na dafuwa - don juiciness na musamman Naman Hungary mangalicayawanci ana amfani dashi kuma ana amfani dashi akan manyan menu na manyan gidajen abinci. Kuma man alade da naman alade na waɗannan aladu sun kasance da yawa a baya, kamar yanzu, a kasuwar duniya.
Wadannan dabbobin da gaske ba sa bukatar kulawa sosai, kuma wakilan wannan jinsin da wuya su kamu da rashin lafiya, ba tare da bukatar allurar rigakafin ba, wanda ba wai kawai ya balaga ba ne, har ma ga matasa.
Amma yanayin kiwo domin irin wadannan aladu don yawan haihuwarsu, yawan aiki da ci gaban nama dole su hadu da wasu bukatun. Kuma hakan ne kawai zai iya samun sakamakon da ake so.
Aladu na wannan nau'in za'a iya kiyaye su cikin rufaffiyar hanya, ma'ana, a cikin aladu da alamomi. Koyaya, keɓaɓɓun halayensu, wato - son freedomancin “aladun tumaki” yana sanya wa masu kiwon alade wahala su iya kiwon su a cikin sito.
Irin wannan kadara, koda a rabin rabin karni na ashirin, ya zama daya daga cikin dalilan raguwar farin jinin aladu masu laushi, wanda ya zama babban dalili na raguwar da ba a so a yawansu a wannan lokacin.
A sakamakon haka, a wani mataki, nau'in ya zama ba kawai baƙon abu ba, amma kusan yana ɓacewa. Amma a zamanin yau, sau ɗaya girgiza, buƙatar Harshen Hungary downy mangalica an sake dawo dashi sabili da juriya na sanyi da yawan amfanin gona, kyakkyawan kariya da juriya.
Harshen Hungary downy mangalica
Ba wai kawai naman alade da alade na waɗannan aladu suna buƙata ba, amma musamman mawuyacin hali (jamon). Yana da tsada idan ya zo ga kayan marmari. Wannan yana nufin cewa kulawa da kiwo na mangalitsa yana kawo kuɗi mai tsoka ga manoman alade na zamani.
Wannan jinsin ya dawo da farin jini, kasancewar sananne a duk duniya, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, gami da a cikin fadada kasar Rasha, saboda rashin dacewar sa, wanda wasu kwayoyin halittar da magabatan daji suka yada ta ya taimaka sosai.
Koyaya, ya kamata a tuna cewa yayin ajiyewa a cikin alade, dole ne a aiwatar da tsabtace rumfa da canjin dusar ƙanƙara mai dumi, wanda ya zama dole a cikin alƙalami. Kuma zafin jiki a cikin dakin don kiyaye dabbobi a cikin hunturu bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da 15 ° C.
Kiwo irin yana yiwuwa, ƙari, a cikin hanyar buɗewa. Wato, tare da irin wannan kulawa, dabbobi koyaushe suna kiwo, kuma kawai ana tura su cikin mafaka yayin lokutan mummunan yanayi. A ranaku masu zafi, ana kuma buƙatar ɗakunan rana.
Kasancewa a cikin kiwo kyauta, mangalitsy ci tare da babban jin daɗi ba kawai ciyawa da acorn, ƙaunatattun aladu suna sonta ba, har ma algae mai amfani ga ƙwayoyinsu, wanda yake da mahimmanci.
Namiji ɗan Hangariyya Mangalica
A cikin ƙasarsu a Hungary, waɗannan aladu yawanci ana tura su zuwa makiyaya kowace rana a cikin yanayi mai kyau, inda a lokacin rani suna da wadatar makiyaya da sharar abinci. Har ma suna cin ciyawa cikin nishadi.
Mixed abun ciki kuma yaduwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa aladu suna cikin makiyaya a lokacin bazara, a lokacin sanyi ana tura su cikin wani daki na musamman da aka shirya kuma aka shirya.
Yana da kyau ka hada dankakken alli da jan yumbu a cikin abincin su, ganin cewa abincin su yalwata da kayan lambu da bitamin. Tare da ciyarwa mai kyau, ƙaruwar nama ga kowane mutum zai kasance kusan 700 g kowace rana.
Lokacin ciyarwa akan dankali da sha'ir, waɗannan aladu yawanci suna samun nauyin jiki ba musamman da sauri ba. Kuma da kimanin watanni goma tare da irin wannan abincin nauyin mangal na Hungary yawanci kusan kilo 100.
Amma tare da ƙarin ciyarwa tare da hatsi tare da ƙari na kek, hazel, bran, kayan lambu, acorns da kirji, da kuma kyakkyawar abun ciki, wannan adadi ya tashi zuwa kilogiram 150, kuma zuwa shekaru biyu babban mutum yana da nauyin kusan kilogram 250 ko fiye.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Har ila yau, irin sanannen sanannen haihuwa. Amma shuki yana ba da 'ya'ya shida a farkon noman farko, wani lokacin bakwai, wanda ba a ɗauka da yawa. Amma tare da adadin aladun da aka haifa suna girma zuwa goma, wani lokacin sha biyu.
Mating Hungary mangalits
Yayinda ake yin ciki, musamman kai tsaye kafin haihuwa, yakamata a kiyaye su cikin kulawa akai akai a cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi, bushe, musamman kayan aiki, inda ake buƙatar tsaftacewa ta yau da kullun.
Alade na mangaliya ta Hungary an haife su da launi mai launi na musamman, sun gaji wannan kaddarorin daga kakanninsu - aladu na Carpathian. Bayan haihuwar jarirai, kafin a ɗora kan uwa, ana tsabtace su da ciyawa.
Don ci gaban da ya dace, aladen alade yana buƙatar allurar rigakafi don hana ci gaban anemia tare da ƙarin ƙarfe. Ana sanya su 'yan kwanaki bayan haihuwa.
Bayan kwana biyu, an datse hancin ga jariran don kada nonon mahaifiya ya ji rauni yayin ciyarwa. Boananan boars waɗanda ba a yi nufin kiwo ba galibi ana jefa su a makon na biyu na rayuwa.
Aladu na da damar da za su shayar da nonon uwa har zuwa wata daya da rabi. Kuma daga irin waɗannan lokutan, shukar yana buƙatar ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki don cika ƙarfinsa.
Alade Hungary mangalica
Kuma a nan abincin dole ne ya haɗa ba tare da kasawa masara da sha'ir tare da ƙari na bran, alkama, sunflower abinci da nama da kashi ci. A lokacin rani, yana da amfani musamman don ƙara beets, karas, zucchini, ganye ga abincin mutanen Hungary mai ƙasƙanci mangalica.
Bayan wata daya na ciyarwar madara, ƙananan aladu sun riga sun buƙaci ciyarwa. A wannan zamanin, ba a ba da shawarar ciyar da aladu da abincin da uwayensu ke ci, don kar ya cutar da ƙwayoyin halittar su.
Farkon farashi tare da ƙari na ɗanyen ganye da suka bushe sun fi dacewa da ado. Amma bayan wasu makonni biyu, ya kamata a hankali a shigar da 'ya'yan cikin abincin masara, alkama, sha'ir tare da ƙari na bran da alli.
Kuma wata huɗu bayan haihuwa, aladu suna fara ciyarwa sosai, gabatar da ciyawa, kwayoyi, da abinci mai hadewa a cikin abincin. Bayan ingantaccen kiba, ana tura wasu mutane don yanka, kuma an bar aladu da aka zaɓa musamman don kiwo.
Mace da aladu na mangalica na Hungary
Yawancin lokaci shuka tana shirye don farkon saduwa yana da shekara ɗaya, wanda aka ɗauka a ƙarshen wasu nau'o'in. Kuma bayan noman, ana aika mace zuwa yanka ko barin don kiwo na gaba, ya danganta da halayenta da buƙatunta. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, mutanen wannan nau'in, idan mai shi bai toshe su ba a baya, suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.
Farashi da sake duba mangal ɗin Hungary
Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa waɗannan aladu ana kiyaye su ne kawai don ɗiyan zuriya don sayarwa. Fa'idar irin wannan masana'antar ta bayyana ta babban a farashin mangalitsa na Hungary... Ya zama yana da girma fiye da farashin sauran nau'ikan kiwo.
Yawancin lokaci, irin waɗannan aladu suna aƙalla aƙalla 6,000 rubles, kuma galibi irin wannan sayayyar na iya kashe mai siye sau biyu da rabi. Farashin mutum mai girma ya kai 40,000 rubles.
Wajibi ne a yi gargaɗi cewa lokacin siyan ƙananan dabbobi, ya kamata ku mai da hankali sosai, domin sau da yawa manoma, maimakon wakilcin mai wannan nau'in, sukan zame cikin nau'in da aka samo ta ƙetare tare da wasu nau'o'in, marasa arha. Kuma wataƙila ba su mallaki halaye da ke cikin wannan nau'in ba, ya bambanta da saurin ci gaba da tashin hankali.
Don kar a zama ganimar yawancin mayaudara marasa gaskiya, yana da kyau a bincika game da martabar gonar alade, wanda mai siye zai je, da kuma sake dubawa game da mai ita, tun kafin saya.
Kafin kulla yarjejeniya, ya zama dole a bincika abubuwan dattin da kuma nazarin asalin kowane mutum. Yana da mahimmanci a bincika kasancewar alamun tsarkakakkiyar halitta, gami da kasancewar tabo na Velman a bayan kunne.
Hakanan yana da kyau idan likitan dabbobi ya binciki aladun kafin ya saya. Yana da daraja a mai da hankali kan aiki da kasancewar kyakkyawan abinci a cikin ɗan alade, wanda koyaushe alama ce mai kyau.
Bayani game da Mangeli na Hungary yi shaida ga jimirin jimre wannan nau'in. Gidajen alade waɗanda suka kware a kiwon irin waɗannan aladu masu kama da tumaki galibi kasuwancin kasuwanci ne mai fa'ida da fa'ida. Gaskiya ne, nau'in yana da rashin amfani. Wadannan, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ana ɗauke da buƙatun tafiya na yau da kullun da matsaloli tare da saurin kiwo.
Kwanan nan, an nuna babban sha'awar abubuwan mangalitsa a cikin ƙasashen Ukraine da Burtaniya. Kuma a cikin mahaifar wannan nau'in a Hungary, tun farkon wannan ƙarni, an karɓi dokoki da yawa waɗanda ke ƙarfafa kiwo da irin waɗannan aladu, waɗanda a yanzu suke daidai da dukiyar ƙasa.
