Kowane mai lambu da mai lambu tabbas sun san ƙaramin kwaro mai jan ƙafafu. Tare da kusancin mutum, nan da nan sai ya tashi, dauke da shimfidadden jikinsa.
Kwarin na da dadadden tarihi irin sa. A cikin Burmese da Lebanon na amber, wanda ya fi shekaru miliyan 100, an gano kwaro mai kashe gobara. Me yasa ake kiran kwari haka, ya zama bayyananne daga lura da kayansa na baƙar fata da launuka masu launin ja-lemu wanda aka saba da injunan wuta. Babu wani abu da ya haɗa ƙwaro tare da masu kashe gobara.
Bayani da fasali
Kwarin kwaro mai kashe gobara na cikin dangin beetles masu laushi, sunan wanda ke nuna babban fasalin su - jikakkun jiki masu taushi wadanda basu da murfin chitinous mai wuya. A cikin kafofin kimiyya, ana samun cikakken sunan ƙwaro - ƙwarƙwara mai ƙafa mai ƙafa mai ƙafa-ƙafa.
Yana zaune a cikin yankuna masu sanyi da sanyi, ana rarraba mai kashe gobarar a kan babban yankin Eurasia.
Kwarin tsayinsu yakai cm 1.5-2 ne kawai.Jiki yana da tsayi da tsawan jiki. Cikin ya kasance zobba 7 masu launin ja ko lemu. Babban hankalin ya koma baya. Babu lebe na sama. Eriyar eriya tana da fasali 11.
Elytra baƙi ne, masu launin shuɗi mai duhu. Sashin sama na jiki tare da villi. A gaban baya, kusa da kai, zaka iya ganin wuri mai duhu a cikin surar zuciya, amma tsarin tsarin ya canza ga kowane wakilin jinsin.
Bewaro mai kashe wuta a cikin hoto koyaushe yana bugawa tare da siraran sifofi da dogayen eriya, kamar eriya, waɗanda aka tura su ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Kananan kwari masu kashe gobara sun fi na maza girma. Hakanan zaka iya rarrabe su da farcensu. A mata, sun fi girma.
Beetles masu laushi, tsutsarsu na da amfani ta yadda suke cin ƙananan ƙananan kwari. Sau da yawa ana iya samun kwari masu aiki a kan furannin shuke-shuke, abubuwan lambu na shuke-shuke, strawberries, currants, da sauransu.
Tsuntsaye, manyan kwari basa tabo masu kashe gobara saboda karfinsu na kare kansu. A cikin kyallen beetles akwai wani abu da ake kira cataridin, wanda yake dafi ga makiya. A lokacin farauta, karamin maciji yakan kawo wa kwari, kwari, da sauran kananan kwari, ya cizge su ya sanya musu guba kamar maciji.
Bayan sungaza wanda aka yiwa rauni, sun saki ruwa na musamman wanda yake shayar da kyallen abincin ganimar don shan abinci.
Idan aka kama ƙwaro mai laushi aka ɗauka a hannu, zai saki ruwa mai jini tare da wari mara daɗi daga ciki. Duba, kwaro mai kashe gobara ya ciji ko a'a, ba shi da daraja. An san shi da cizo da hanzari da haƙo-wuƙa kama da haƙoran macizai masu dafi.
Irin wannan riko sau da yawa yakan ceci ƙwaro daga maharin, wanda kawai ya buɗe tafin hannunsa. Fwaro mai kashe wuta yawanci yakan tashi da sauri ko kuma ya yi kamar ya mutu, ya sa ƙafafun kafa. Ko a cikin jirgi, ba abu mai wuya a kama kwari ba - saurin motsi na ƙwaro ƙanana ne saboda dogaro da amincinsa.
Yankunan beads masu taushi suna kama da tarin duwatsu masu duhu. Tsutsa suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin ganyen da suka fadi, rubabben itace, kasa, karkashin bawon bishiyoyi. Matsar da sauri. Suna ciyar da kan kananan larvae na mahaifa, kwan su.
Suna da narkewar ciki. A jikin wanda aka azabtar, tsutsar ta fito da ruwan 'narkewa wanda ke lalata kyallen takarda, sannan ya tsotse ruwan da yake fitowa.
A lokacin bazara, narkewar ruwa na tilasta wa tsutsa su yi rarrafe zuwa kan dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ake kiransu da tsutsotsi na dusar ƙanƙara. Ci gaban larvae na tsawon shekaru 2-3, suna pupate a cikin ƙasa.
Red gwanin wuta mai kashe gobara yana aiki a matsayin kariyar tsabtace muhalli daga kwari na lambu. Don jawo hankalin kwari masu fa'ida, ana ba da shawarar adana ganyen da ya faɗi kusa da bishiyoyi, kar a yi amfani da magungunan ƙwari, kar a tona yankin, musamman maƙogwaron kusa-da-akwati. Beraye masu laushi sune mataimaka na halitta a harkar noma.
Fa'idodi da cutarwa na mai kashe gobara yayi karatu sosai. Akwai sanannun hanyar sarrafa kyankyasai a cikin gida ta amfani da ƙwaro mai laushi. Ya isa a kawo kwari biyu - ba za a sami jan Prussia ba. An danganta cutarwa ga yawan kwaro a yanki daya, lokacin da suke cin burodi da 'ya'yan itatuwa akan bishiyoyi.
Don dawo da daidaitattun yanayi, a hankali za ku iya tattara masu kashe gobara da hannu ku miƙa su ga maƙwabta idan sun yarda. Guanto a cikin wannan aikin ba zai zama mai yawa ba, tunda ƙwaro na ƙwaro.
Wata hanyar kuma ita ce feshin wurin da cakuda ƙurar taba ko rubabben sigari. Qamshi mai qarfi yana tare kwari. Amma wannan hanyar ban tsoro tana taimakawa har zuwa farkon ruwan sama.
Hanyoyin aikace-aikace masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sune don amfani da alli "Mashenka", wanda aka nika shi aka yayyafa shi akan iyakokin wani yanki.
Yin watsi da kwari a cikin gida shine mafi kyawun aikatawa tare da magunguna na halitta. Abubuwan haɗin abun hanawa na iya zama ganyen Provencal, barkono ja, toka na itace. Amma wannan hanyar ba koyaushe take tasiri ba.
Ana ba da shawarar kama kwari da hannu, don haka yadda za a kawar da kwaro mai kashe gobara a cikin gida yin amfani da kemikal ba zai zama mai yuwuwar yanayi ba.
Irin
Iyalin beetles masu taushi suna da yawa - kusan nau'ikan 4000. Akwai dangin gida 4. Duk da rashin kariya daga waje, karamin kwari, ba a saka su cikin abincin tsuntsaye saboda abubuwa masu guba a cikin kyallen takarda na jikinsu.
Baya ga sanannen ƙwaro na kashe gobara, ko ƙwarƙiri mai laushi mai ƙafa, a cikin latit ɗinmu na kowa ne:
- launin ruwan kasa mai laushi - mazaunin gandun daji da gandun daji. Tsawon kwarin ya kai cm 1.1 - 1.5. Launi mai launin ja ne. Kafafuwan sunyi duhu. Larvae na launin ruwan kasa mai taushi mai ƙafafu 3. Lebe kai mai idanu 2. Tsutsa suna cin tsutsotsi, kananan kwari, har ma suna cinye juna. Suna zaune ne a gindin bishiyoyi, a kan ciyayi, a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, kuma suna neman mafaka a cikin ƙasa;
- fure mai laushi irin na fure (ja) - bakin baƙi na elytra mai laushi da murabba'in murabba'in silin mai alamar rarrabe wannan jinsin da sauran brethrenan'uwa. Launi yawanci ja ne. Tsawon jiki bai fi cm 1. Yana zaune da ciyawar ciyawa da tsire-tsire masu kauri. An rarraba ƙwaro a ko'ina cikin Turai. Ana iya ganinsa a yanayi daga Mayu zuwa Satumba.
Akwai ƙwaro da yawa daga cikin ƙwaro mai laushi, amma akwai masu cin ganyayyaki waɗanda suka gamsu da abinci na musamman.
Baya ga ƙwaro da ke kusa da yanayi, mutum na iya rarrabe dangin da ba kasafai suke san shi ba - dabbar gobara ta yau da kullun, wanda kuma wani bangare ne na dangin beraye da elytra mai taushi (elytra).
Fireflies-lanterns suna rayuwa a cikin ƙananan yankuna da wurare masu zafi. Suna da damar ban mamaki don haske a cikin duhu. Ba duk ƙuraren wuta ke da gabobin haske ba, wasu jinsuna suna haskakawa ta hanyar jinsi: mata ne kawai ko kuma na maza.
Gina Jiki
Yanayin farautar berayen gobara ya bayyana a cikin farautar kwari iri-iri: aphids, caterpillars, small leaf beetles, larvae of other soft beetles. Kwayoyin da ke da kariya ta murfin katako sun yi wuya sosai ga kwaro mai kashe gobara.
Bewaƙƙun ƙwayoyi masu laushi-ƙafa sun zo kusa da ganima ko su zauna a kai. Latsa tare da jaws daga dukkan bangarorin har sai juriya ta ƙare. Kaifi da muƙamuƙan mai-tsini mai-sikila, waɗanda aka tsara musamman don riƙewa, ba tauna ba, suna taimakawa kiyaye ganima.
Allurar guba da ruwan 'narkewa a jikin wanda aka azabtar yana taimakawa wajen canza abin da aka fitar zuwa abinci. Abincin ya hada da kwari, wadanda girman su ya fi na mai farautar kanta.
Yawancin lambu ba su da masaniya game da fa'idar mai kashe gobara, suna neman kawar da shi, suna sanya shi a matsayin kwaro mai tsire-tsire. An tabbatar da cewa kasancewar jan ƙwaro mai ƙafafu masu laushi a shafin yana taimakawa ga girbi mai kyau.
Har ila yau, larvae irin na gobara suna lura da abincin masu farauta. Wani abin sha’awa shi ne, yawan kwarin da lambun larvae na softfly ya lalata ya wuce na manya, watau ɓullo da ƙwaro. Tsutsar tsutsar-tsutsotsi suna cin abinci iri-iri, tsutsotsi, da ƙananan kwari.
Abin da 'yan kwana-kwana ke ci banda kananan dabbobi? Idan yawan adadin ƙwaro mai ƙoshin-ja mai laushi ya taru a yanki ɗaya, to rashin abincin dabba yana biyan diyya ne ta hanyar abincin tsirrai.
Irin ƙwaro yana cizon burodin furanni, ganye na amfanin gona, cutar lambu da masu lambu. Wannan ba ya faruwa haka sau da yawa, saboda haka masana gabaɗaya suka yi amannar cewa fa'idodin ƙwaro daga masu kashe gobara ba su misaltuwa fiye da cutarwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
A lokacin zafi mai zafi, lokacin da ƙasa da iska ke dumama sosai, lokacin saduwa da fararen ƙwaya mai laushi ja-ƙafa zai fara. Wannan lokacin ya faɗi a watan Yuli, zenith na bazara.
Mace tana yin ƙwai a kan wani irin tushe mai laushi: litaurin ganyaye, tarkacen itacen da ya ruɓe, tarkacen itacen, rubabben kututture, rassa, da sauransu.
Shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 15-20 - lokacin ya dogara da yanayin zafin yanayi. Duhu, tsutsa mai gashi a hankali tana bayyana. A bayyane, yana kama da beads shaggy da aka haɗa da juna, ɗan kama da abun wuya. Ci gaban larvae yana da alaƙa da ciyarwa mai aiki da motsi.
Larvae suna ci gaba ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da lokacin yin pupate ta farkon lokacin hunturu, wasu kuma suna bacci a cikin rubabben itace ko rubabben ganye. Pupation na karshen yana faruwa a cikin bazara, bayan warming.
Ana iya samun wannan a cikin yanayin yanayi a wani wuri ƙarƙashin bawon tsohuwar bishiyoyi. Makonni biyu bayan haka, samari masu ƙafafun kafafu masu laushi sun bayyana, waɗanda a cikin wata ɗaya a shirye suke don haifuwa da kansu.
Saurin sassauci da rayuwa mai zaman kanta ba ta daɗewa. Jimillar rayuwar mai kashe gobara gajere ce sosai - kimanin watanni biyu.
Nazarin mazauna lambun, ƙwararen gobara musamman, yana ba da gudummawa ga daidaitaccen layin ɗabi'a wajen yaƙi da kwari na lambun. Ta hanyar adana jan-kafa mai fa'ida, masu shafin suna samar da kyakkyawan yanayi don amfanin gona yayi girma da dorewa.
