Tsuntsaye da yawa suna ajiyewa a gefen tafkunan ruwa. Koyaya, waɗanda suka san yadda za su zauna a saman tabkuna, koguna, tekuna ne ake kira kifin ruwa. Storks da heron, alal misali, suna yawo ne kawai a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, suna kamun kifi a wurin.
Amma agwagwa, cormorants suna iyo, suna nutsewa. Sunan su na asali ba kimiyya bane. Tare da irin wannan nasarar, ana iya haɗa jellyfish, kaguwa da kifi whale da kalmar "dabbobin teku". Amma, a yanzu, game da tsuntsayen ruwa. Akwai 7 squads.
Anseriformes tsuntsaye
Anseriformes sun hada da iyalai 2: agwagwa da palamedeas. Na karshen suna da nauyi da girma. Kan palamedes karami ne, kuma wuyansa dogo ne. Duck kuma yana da ƙafafun kafa, da kwance a kwance, da kuma faɗaɗaɗɗen jiki.
Iyalai biyu na tsari Anseriformes sun kasu kashi 50 na tsuntsaye. Akwai jinsunan tsuntsaye 150 a cikinsu. Tsakanin su:
Geese
Suna da kayan alatu na halayya kuma suna da baki wanda tushe ya fi tsayi fiye da nisa. A ƙarshen "hanci" akwai wani nau'in marigold tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Baya ga geese na gida, akwai geese 10 na daji:
1. Andean. Yana da jan baki da ƙafafu, farin kai, wuya da gaban jiki. Ta tsakiyar tsakiyar launin ruwan kasa, launin "ya gudana" zuwa baƙi. Yana rufe rabin rabin jiki, ɓangaren fuka-fuki, jela.
Launi iri daya ne ga mata da maza. Thearshen ƙarshen ya ɗan fi girma, ya kai santimita 80 a tsayi, yana kimanin kilogram 3.5. Sunan jinsin yana nuna mazaunin. Waɗannan su ne tsaunuka na Andes, Chile, Argentina, Peru. A ƙasa da mita dubu 3 sama da matakin teku, geese daga cikin jinsunan da wuya ya sauko. Wannan yakan faru ne bayan tsananin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin tsaunuka.
Gidan Andean goose a kan gangaren ciyawa
2. Fata. Wannan shi ne zuriya na cikin gida. An fara kirkirar tsuntsayen ne a shekara ta 1300 kafin haihuwar Yesu. Geese da suka rage a yanayi sun fi sauran girma, sun kai santimita 90 a tsayi. Wasu geese masu launin toka suna da nauyin kilo 6. Mata yawanci kanana ne. A launi, wakilan jinsin suna kama da juna, duk launin toka ne.
Goose mai launin toka shine mazaunin al'ada
3. Dutse. Asali daga Asiya ta Tsakiya. Yawancin mutanen suna zaune ne a Kazakhstan, Mongolia da PRC. Daga sunan nau'in ya bayyana sarai cewa wakilansa sun zaɓi yankunan tsaunuka.
Can za a iya gane tsuntsaye ta ratsiyoyi masu launin baki biyu masu fari a kan farin kai. Layi daya yana gudana ta bayan kai daga ido zuwa ido. Wani raƙumin yana kusa da mahadar kai da wuya. Ofarshen ƙarshen da jikin tsuntsayen launin toka ne.
4. Fari. Jinsi a ƙasashen Kanada, Greenland, Gabashin Siberia. In ba haka ba, ana kiran nau'ikan polar. Dangane da bangon farin farin dusar ƙanƙara, bakin baƙon fuka-fuki ya fita waje. Paafafun kafa da baki na tsuntsun masu ruwan hoda ne. Wani fasali na musamman shine gajarta, mai kauri.
5. wake wake. Samu a cikin yankin na Eurasia. Bakin gashin fuka-fukin yana da zoben ruwan hoda a tsakiya, tsakanin launin launin baƙar fata. Furewa kifayen ruwa nau'ikan launin toka ne. Baya da fikafikai duhu ne.
Wannan shine yadda Goose ta banbanta da ruwan toka, wanda launinsa yayi daidai. Akwai kuma bambance-bambance a cikin girman. Nauyin bean wake bai wuce kilo 5 ba.
6. Beloshey. In ba haka ba ana nufin shuɗi. Tsuntsu yana da farin baya na wuya. Sauran jikin yana da launin launin toka, an cusa shi da farin yadudduka da kyar za a iya gani. Yayi kama da shuɗi. Saboda haka madadin suna.
Tsuntsun da ke dauke da shi ya kai santimita 90 a tsayi tare da matsakaicin nauyin kilogram 3.5. Tsuntsun yana zaune ne a Alaska, Kanada, Amurka, Siberia.
7. Kogin Nilu. An gabatar da shi zuwa Turai ta Tsakiya a cikin karni na 18. Kafin wannan, tsuntsayen suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin Kogin Nilu da Afirka. Sun yanke shawarar safarar tsuntsayen ne saboda kalar su mai kayatarwa. A bangon launin toka mai launin toka mai launin toka, kore, baƙaƙen fata.
Idanun suna iyaka da launin ruwan kasa. Bakin-baki da dantse na dabba ja ne. Matsakaicin nauyin gubar Kogin Nilu kilo 4 ne. Wanda aka yiwa fuka-fukin an rarrabe shi ta yadda yake tsoratar da yankuna, ba ya bayar da rance ga gida.
8. Sukhonos. Ya fi girma, amma slimmer fiye da launin toka. Matsakaicin tsaran busassun hanci yakai santimita 100. Tsuntsun ya kai kimanin kilo 4.
Launin tsuntsaye launin ruwan kasa ne tare da sadarwar farin jijiyoyi. Hakanan akwai farin yadi a ƙasan bakin. Baki ne. Idan Goose ya kasance matashi, babu layin fari a gindin bakin.
Sukhonos mai saukin ganewa ta baki baki
9. Magellans. Na al'ada don Kudancin Amurka. A cikin hoto ruwan kifin ruwa galibi suna bayyana a cikin ciyawar fadama. A kan fadada ciyawar su, tsuntsayen suna da nauyin kilogiram 2.5-3.5 tare da tsayin jiki na santimita 70.
Ya kasance launin ruwan kasa ne. Kan yana ashy. Wannan bambancin mata ne. Maza suna da farin kai da kirji. Wannan ita ce kawai jinsin geese tare da launuka daban-daban na mutane maza da mata.
10. Kaza. Wani jinsin Australiya na geese, wanda aka rarrabe shi ta hanyar shigar baki baki akan dusar kankara mai toka. Alamomin suna kusa da jela. Ungiyoyi tare da dawisu na iya tashi. Bakin bushewar kaza kaza rawaya ce mai launuka biyu baƙa. Bakin bakin kansa duhu ne. Wsafafun tsuntsun suna ruwan hoda.
Yawancin geese suna cikin haɗari. Wannan shine dalilin kashe tsuntsaye saboda wata fuka-fukin gashin tsuntsu wanda ya rasa dacewarsa, da nama, wanda ake masa kallon tasa har yau.
Ducks
Baya ga geese, kungiyar ta hada da agwagi. Sun kai matsakaicin nauyin kilogram 2 kuma an raba su cikin ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa:
- kogi, wanda ya hada da mallard, shirokonoska, bushe-bushe, pintail, kunkuntar hancin shayi da gwangwanin shayi
- nutsar ruwa, wanda masu bambance-bambancen kansu suke da shi, agwagwa da agwagwa mai ruwan hoda
- mergansers, waɗanda suka haɗa da sikeli, matsakaici da babba
Ana rarrabe 'yan kasuwa ta hanyar kunkuntar da lanƙwasa baki zuwa ƙasan. Ducks masu ruwa mai yawa galibi fuka-fukai masu launi. Nau'ukan kogin suna ɗaga jelarsu sama da ruwa kuma gabaɗaya ana ɗaga su yayin iyo.
Swans
Duk swans suna da motsi masu kyau, tsarin jiki mai jituwa tare da dogon wuya. Tsuntsayen jinsin sun kasu kashi 7:
1. Baki daga Australia da Arewacin Amurka. Gashin gashin baki mai launin ja, fari a ƙarshen. Tare da baki, tsawon jiki na baƙar fata ya kasance santimita 140. Dabbar na da nauyin kilo 9.
2. Wuyan wuya. Jikinta fari ne kuma bakin bakinta launin toka ne. Tare da tsayi na tsawon santimita 140, tsuntsun bai wuce kilogram 6.5 ba.
3. Shiru, sanannen swan a Turai da Asiya, ya sami kilogiram 15. Tsayin tsuntsun ya kai santimita 180. Wsafan bebe baƙi baƙi ne, baki yana ja, kuma labulen fari ne.
4. Mai busa kaho. shi farin ruwa tare da baki baki. Tsawon jikin dabbar ya kai santimita 180, kuma nauyinsa kilo 13 ne.
5. Wanene. Akwai abun sakawa mai launin ruwan dorawa a bakin bakin wannan tsuntsu mai fararen dusar ƙanƙara. Tsayin wanda bai wuce santimita 145 ba. Tsuntsun ya kai nauyin kilogram 12.
6. Swan Amurkawa. Mai kama da wanda yake, sai dai gajeran wuya da mai zagaye. Bugu da kari, Ba’amurke ya fi kilos dangi nauyi kilo 2.
7. Karamin swan. Kunshe a ciki jinsunan ruwa kamar yadda gashinta mai tsawon santimita 140 kuma yakai kilo 9. Launi da tsarin suna kama da Ba'amurke iri-iri da kuma wanda ba yaso. Koyaya, ƙaramin bakuncin ɗan yatsu yana da tsarin mutum, kamar yatsar ɗan adam.
Dogon wuya na swans yana basu damar samun abinci ba tare da nutsuwa ba. Ya isa ka sauke kanka a cikin ruwa ka tsinke shuke-shuke, ka kamo kayan kwalliya, kananan kifi.
Sauran Anseriformes
Baya ga nau'ikan da aka saba da su, ba a san su sosai ba kuma baƙon abu ga mazaunan a matsayin amsoshi. Yana:
- ƙawancen palamedea, wanda ke da girman inci 10 a kan kai, da baƙar fata da fari da kuma haɗuwa a Brazil
- garnin goose, wanda aka samu a Novaya Zemlya da Greenland, tare da farin-ruwan toka da farin goshin dusar ƙanƙara tare da bakin baki
Tsuntsayen Goose sun mamaye duniya duka ban da Antarctica. A waje da kan iyakokinta, yawancin wakilan ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu ne. Tsuntsayen da ke tsugune a cikin yankuna masu yawo da yanayin sanyi.
Tsuntsayen loon
Duk na dangin loon ne, tunda suna da dangi sosai. Harshen palamedea tsakanin geese, alal misali, baƙon baƙo ne. Loons duka ɗaya suke, an rarraba su cikin nau'ikan 5:
1. Farar wuyan wuya, gama gari a arewa maso gabashin Asiya. Tsuntsu yana da baƙi da fari tare da kyakkyawan tsari. A saman loon wuyansa haske ne. Saboda haka sunan nau'in.
2. Ja-nono. Nauyi bai fi kilogram 2.5 ba. Wannan ya sa jan-tsuntsu-mai-kumburi mafi kankanta a tsakanin loons. Matsakaicin tsayin dabbar yakai santimita 69. Akwai wuri mai launin ruwan kasa-ja a wuyan tsuntsun. Sauran layin yana da launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa.
3. Farar-kudi. Ya bambanta, jan-breasted, mafi girma, ya sami kusan kilogram 7. Bakin dabbar, kamar yadda sunan yake, fari ne. Gashin tsuntsu launin toka-launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka mai launin toka mai launin ruwan goro, wanda aka banbanta.
4. Biyan kuɗi. Lessan ƙasa da fararen farashi. Nauyin dabba ya kai kilo 6.3. Bakin bakin ruwa baki, kamar kai da wuya. Na karshen suna haske mai haske. Launin jiki baƙi ne kuma fari, tare da kyakkyawan tsari.
5. Bakar-wuya. Tare da wuyan baki da baya mai toka, tana da farin ciki. Tsuntsu bai wuce kilo 3.5 ba. Matsakaicin tsayin jiki na baƙar fata mai ƙwanƙwasa ya kai santimita 75. Ana samun nau'in a Alaska da Eurasia.
Loons ba kawai tsuntsayen ruwa bane. Wakilan kungiyar a zahiri suna rayuwa a kan ruwa, suna zuwa bakin teku ne kawai don kwanciya da dasa kwai.
Pelikan
Otherwiseungiyar pelicans ana kiranta 'yan adawa. Dukkan yatsun yatsun tsuntsaye suna da alaƙa da membrabra ɗaya. Wannan shi ne tsarin kugun tsuntsaye na iyalai 5. A cikin agwagwa, misali, gidan yanar gizo yana haɗa 3 kawai daga cikin yatsu 4.
Pelikan
Wakilan dangin suna da yawa. Tsawon wasu tsuntsayen ya kai santimita 180. Pelicans suna da nauyin kilogram 14. A cikin dukkan tsuntsayen dangi, kasan bakin an hade da buhu na fata wanda tsuntsayen ke saka kifi a ciki.
Masana ilimin halittar jiki sun gano nau'ikan 8 na pelicans, 2 daga cikinsu - tsuntsayen ruwa na Rasha:
1. Curly pelikan. Nau'o'in kiwo a Tafkin Manych-Gudilo da sauran jikin ruwa na Kuban da Volga deltas. An kawata shugaban Dalmatian Pelican da gashin tsuntsu. Tsuntsu fari ne. Nauyin dabba bai wuce kilo 13 ba. Tsawon jikin mai juyawa ya kai santimita 180.
2. Pink pelikan. Jinsi a arewacin yankin Caspian. Launin ruwan hoda a cikin plumage yana ɗan ƙaramar igiyar ruwa. Babban sautin fari ne. Akwai baki baki kan fikafikan. Waɗannan fuka-fukan jirgi ne. Gwanon ruwan hoda mai nauyin kilo 11.
Ba a samo ragowar 6 na pelicans a Rasha ba. Muna magana ne game da Amurkawa fari da launin ruwan kasa, launin toka na Asiya, Ostiraliya, mai goyan ruwan hoda, hagus. Na baya ya kasance a cikin manyan masu launin ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan kasa.
An gudanar da rarraba bisa ga sakamakon binciken kwayar halitta. Na al'ada, hagus yana da al'ada ta yin lalata a kan iyakokin duwatsu. Sauran pelicans na iya gina gida a bishiyoyi.
Gannet
Ya fi girma, amma ba daidai yake da pelicans ba. Matsakaicin nauyin gannet ya kai kilo 3-3.5. Akwai jakunkunan iska a goshin tsuntsaye. Suna hana girgiza daga tasiri da ruwa. Hakanan Gannets suna da gajeren wutsiya da ɗan ƙaramin wuya. Iyalin suna da nau'ikan 9:
- Gannet na Caspian, wanda yake cike da yankin Caspian
- arewaci, yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin Tekun Atlantika kuma ana sanye shi da farin toka, nauyin kilogram 4 da tsayin jikin mita
- shuɗe-shuɗi, mai fikafikan ruwan kasa, jikin kirim da gabobin turquoise
- fuska mai shuɗi, wanda shine mafi girma a cikin yanayin halittar kuma yana da launin shuɗi a ƙasan beak
- Ostireliya, ta kudu waɗanda ƙugiyoyi ba sa yin sheƙa
- Peruvian, wanda yake mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da sauran gannets
- gannet mai launin ruwan kasa tare da kai da wuya na sautin cakulan, wanda da haske mai haske a kansa
- mai jan-kafa, wanda shi ma yana da fata a bakin bakin launin ja
- abbotta gandun daji tare da baƙar fata da fari
Dukkanin kayan wankan an banbanta su da sigarin su, jikin su mai dumbin yawa. Launi yakan bambanta tsakanin maza da mata. Abbott na mata, alal misali, yana da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. A cikin maza na jinsin, baƙar fata ne.
Masu lalata
Akwai kusan nau'in 40 na cormorants. Dukansu tsuntsayen bakin teku ne, suna ajiye kusa da teku da tekuna. Ana rarrabe kayan kwalliya ta wuyansu da bakinsu. Isarshen yana nuna kuma ɗan lankwasa a ƙarshen. Iyalai masu fahariya suna da girma, tsawon santimita 50-100. Ga wasu misalai:
1. Bering cormorant. A bayyane yake daga sunan cewa tsuntsun yana gabas. Lilin na Bering cormorant na baƙar fata ne, yana sheƙi shunayya a wuya, da ƙarfe a sauran jikin.
2. Karami. Wannan cormorant yana da jan wuya a bayan fuskar baƙar fata mai launin shuɗi mai ƙyalli. Kuna iya ganin tsuntsayen a cikin tsaunin Dnieper, Danube, Dniester.
3. Mai jan fuska mai laushi ba shi da alaƙa da Indiyawan. Idanun tsuntsun suna da fata, ja-lemu mai haske. Sunayen ruwa ana bayar da su daidai da alamun waje.
Yawancin cormorants suna da kariya. Wasu nau'ikan ba'a sanya su a cikin Littafin Ja ba, a cikin Littafin Baƙin, wato sun dadu. Misali shine mai tallan kayan kwalliya. Ya rayu a Tsibirin Kwamanda, bai tashi sama ba kuma ya sha bamban da farin alama a cinyarsa.
Wurin maciji
Sun bambanta a cikin wsafafun kafa da aka ajiye zuwa gajeren jela. Saboda wannan, masu wuyan maciji suna da wahalar tafiya. Mafi yawan lokutan tsuntsaye suna cinyewa a cikin ruwa, inda dogon wuyansu ke basu damar samun abinci daga zurfin.
Wadanda ke wuyan macijin sun hada da:
- Nau'in Indiya, wanda ke da zane-zane mai launi a jikin ruwan ruwan kasa, wanda yake da tsayi kuma aka nuna shi a yankin kafada
- dwarf na kowa, irin na mangroves kuma yana da halin ƙarami
Doguwar siriri da siririn tsuntsayen dangi suna lanƙwasa a cikin siffar wasiƙar S. Yayin yin iyo, tsuntsayen sun tanƙwara wuyansu zuwa ruwan. Daga nesa, idan aka hango shi daga gaba, da alama dabbobi masu rarrafe ne ke motsawa.
Jirgin ruwa
Frigates tsuntsayen teku ne. Suna da girma, amma haske, tare da nuna da lanƙwasa baki a ƙarshen. Hawan dusar dabbobi baƙaƙe ne tare da jujjuyawar ƙarfe. Bayyanar ta cika halayen mai cutarwa. Frigates kan dauki ganima daga wasu tsuntsayen. Don wannan, 'yan fashi sun ƙaunaci wakilan dangi. An basu nau'ikan frigates 5 don zaɓar daga:
1. Babban jirgin ruwa ya fi tsayi fiye da mita. Fuka-fukai a cikin tsibiran wurare masu zafi na Tekun Pacific.
2. Mai Girma. Wakilan jinsunan suma tsayinsu yakai mita daya, sun bambanta a cikin doguwar wutsiya.
3. Mikiya jirgin ruwa Yana zaune ne kawai a Tsibirin Boatswain. Tana cikin Kudancin Tekun Atlantika. Tsuntsayen da ke nan basa girma har zuwa mita kuma suna da ɗanɗano koren launuka a kawunansu.
4. Frigate Ariel. Yana girma har zuwa 80 cm a tsayi. Nauyi baƙin ruwa kimanin kilogram, kuma yana rayuwa a cikin ruwan Tekun Indiya.
5. Kirsimeti kallo. Wakilanta suna da nauyin kilogram daya da rabi, wani lokacin suna girma har zuwa mita a tsayi tare da mizanin santimita 86-92. Filayen ruwan sanyi na Kirsimeti suna da launin ruwan kasa.
Duk frigates suna da jaka kamar pelicans. Wannan jaka ja ce. Jiran launi ya bambanta dangane da nau'in tsuntsu.
Ruwan ruwa na Grebe
Toadstools ana rarrabe su ta jiki mai tsayi kuma ya daidaita daga sama zuwa kasa. Tsawonsa, tare da dogon wuya da ƙaramin kai mai bakin ciki da kaifi, ya bambanta daga santimita 23 zuwa 60. Babu bambanci tsakanin maza da mata a cikin girma ko launi.
Umurnin grebes ya hada da nau'ikan 20. 5 daga cikinsu suna zaune a Rasha:
1. Girma mai girma. Ya auna kimanin gram 600. A lokacin hunturu, tsuntsu launin ruwan kasa ne tare da farin kai da wuya. A lokacin bazara, guntun fikafikai masu launuka 2 suna girma a kan kambin kai. Suna kama da ƙaho. Akwai abin wuya a kirji a wuya. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi gashin tsuntsaye masu tsayi, ya ci gaba duk shekara.
2. Girki mai kumburin fuska. An samo shi a cikin Gabas mai nisa da Yammacin Siberia. Tsuntsun yakai nauyin kilogram daya. Fitsarin dabbar yana da haske a ƙasan sashin jiki. Kansa duhu ne. Matsataccen jan launi yana bayyana yayin lokacin saduwa. Tana kan wuyan toadstool.
3. Girki mai-wuya. Yana da nauyin kimanin gram 300 kuma bai wuce tsawon santimita 38 ba. Fuka mai fuka-fukai yana da madaidaiciya, babban baki. Wannan ba al'ada bane ga kwandon shara.
A cikin launi, ana rarrabe tsuntsu mai wuyan wuya ta layin baƙaƙen da ke ratsa idanuwa kuma ya raba tsoffin kumatu da baƙin kambi. Tabon jan ƙarfe a wuya yana bayyana ne kawai a lokacin saduwa. Sannan ƙahoni na zinariya suna girma akan kan toststool. An tashe su.
4. Bakin gashi.Yayi kama da mai wuya, amma yana kiyaye ƙahonin zinare na zinare a cikin yanayin faduwa. A lokacin hunturu, ana sanin nau'ikan ta kumatun datti maimakon dusar ƙanƙara. Tsawon tsuntsun shine mafi girman santimita 34.
Man shafawa mai wuyan wuya sau da yawa yakan tashi gashinsa, ya zama mai faɗi, a waje yana da girma fiye da ainihin girmansa.
5. Kananan grebe. An samo shi a yankin Turai na Rasha, a yamma da Siberia. Tsawon tsuntsun bai wuce santimita 30 ba. Wannan shine mafi ƙaranci a tsakanin toadstools. Dabbar ta kai kimanin gram 200.
Wakilan jinsin ana rarrabe su da kuncin kirji. Shima wuyan tsuntsun yana da ja. Sauran plumage launin ruwan kasa ne a sama kuma haske a ƙasa.
Nau'ikan todostools goma sha biyar suna zaune a Amurka. Sabili da haka, yawanci ƙungiyar hade da Sabuwar Duniya. A can, ko a cikin Eurasia, wuraren cincin ruwa suna da kyau a ido, amma kada ku bugi tebur. Tsuntsayen oda suna da nama mai daɗin ƙanshi. Saboda haka sunan - toadstools.
Tsuntsayen Penguin
Akwai dangi 1 a cikin ƙungiyar. Ya kasu kashi-kashi 6 da jinsi 16. Wasu 20 kuma sun mutu, sanannu a tsarin burbushin halittu. Ana samun tsoffin tsoffin a New Zealand.
Tunawa fasalin tsuntsayen ruwa penguins tabbas sun ambaci rashin ikon tashi. Kar a bar nauyin jiki, kananan fikafukai, fasalin layin dogo da saukowar penguins. Wadannan sun hada da:
- Abin kallo na Afirka tare da baƙin "takalmin doki" a ƙirin
- wani Kudancin Amurka Maguran Penguin, wanda ke dauke da layuka baƙaƙe 1-2 a wuyansa
- penguin gentoo tare da jan baki mai tsayi kuma tsawon jiki 90 cm
- kwalliyar kwandon ruwan macaroni na yau da kullun tare da gashin gira mai ruwan gashin tsuntsu mai launin rawaya
- Abubuwan Antarctic waɗanda ke da fararen rim kewaye da idanunsu
- mita da kilogram 18 na sarki penguin, wanda ya fito ne daga Tekun Atlantika kuma yana da raƙuman rawaya a gefen kansa
- tsuntsu na masarauta wanda yake da tabon rawaya ba kawai a kai ba, har ma a wuya, yana samun nauyin kilo 40 tare da ƙaruwar santimita 115
- penguin arewa da aka daskarar, wanda a kansa wanda ake hada gira mai launin rawaya mai hade da baƙar fata ɗaya
- penstin na ƙarfe mai ɗauke da "kintinkiri" mai baƙar fata a ƙarƙashin gemunsa, kamar yana riƙe da "hular" duhu a kanta
Daga cikin tsuntsayen ruwa, penguins ne kawai marasa tashi. Ostriches ma ba sa tashi sama, amma ba ruwan su da ruwa. Penguins suna ninkaya kuma suna nitso da kyau. Fat tana adanawa daga sanyi cikin ruwa. Rashin jijiyoyin jijiyoyi a kafafu na taimakawa hana dusar kankara a kasa.
Charadriiformes
Charadriiformes sun fi yawa a arewa. Gudurawa zuwa yankunan sanyi, tsuntsayen ƙungiyar sun koya yadda za su ci gaba da hawan jini na yau da kullun. Wannan yana hana dabbobi yin daskarewa.
Charadriiformes sun hada da iyalai 3:
Sandpiper
Kulikov nau'in 75. Sun kasu kashi biyu ne zuwa jinsi:
1. Zuiki. Akwai nau'ikan 10 daga cikinsu. Duk suna da babban kai mai rauni da gajere baki. Wani fasalin sifa shi ne tsayi da tsukakkun fuka-fuki. Ana buƙatar jirgin sama mai sauri, hawa mai sauƙi zuwa cikin iska.
2. Snipe. Jinsin ya hada da nau'ikan 3. Layin layi 2 suna tafiya tare da jigogin hasken su. Akwai raƙuman raɗaɗi guda 2 a sassan jikin. Baken maharbin yana da tsayi kuma sirara, an nuna shi a ƙarshen.
3. Sandbox. Akwai nau'ikan su 4. Suna da gajerun baki da gajerun kafa, an gina su da yawa. Girman sandpipers yana kama da na starling. Tsuntsayen sun bayyana kamar ba su da ido, kamar yadda ƙananan idanu suke binne cikin fuka-fukai.
4. Curlews. Akwai nau'ikan 2 a cikin jinsin halittar. Dukansu ana rarrabe su ta hanyar lanƙwasa baka mai lanƙwasa. Doguwa ce kuma siriri. Wani fasalin fasalin masu lankwasawa shine fararen fata.
5. Swirls. Babban jinsin sune 2. Bakinsu mai tsayi yana da kauri a gindi. Yayinda ake saduwa da juna, tsuntsayen sun zama ja, wanda ba irin na sauran masu ruwa bane.
6. Sata. Akwai kusan nau'in 10 a cikin jinsin halittar. Wakilan su suna da girman girman tauraruwa, siriri, mai doguwar kafa. Gabobin jiki suna da ƙarfi, kamar yadda bakin bakin ciki mai tsayi. Shugaban tsuntsayen ƙarami ne.
Turukhtan yana tsaye shi kaɗai. Yana kusa da bututun sandp, amma ya fi su siriri, a kan ƙananan kafafu. Turukhtan girman farji.
Finch
Tsuntsayen teku ne. Sun rabu da kwarjinin, sun daidaita da tsarin rayuwar ruwa, mai zaman kansa daga gabar. Akwai nau'ikan 22 a cikin iyali. Ashirin daga cikinsu suna gida a kan gabar Tekun Atlantika da ta Gabas ta Rasha. Labari ne game da:
- auklets tare da takalmin da aka jefa gaba da aladun fuka-fukai masu kyau a bayan idanu
- farin ciki, wanda kuma yake da ratsi mai haske a idanu tare da ƙananan yara
- tsofaffin mutane, waɗanda kan su lokaci guda tare da baƙar fata masu fuka-fukai masu launin shuɗi "toka"
- fawn, bakinsa wanda yake da ɗan kaifi da tsawo fiye da na sauran auks
- puffins tare da babban baki mai haske, kama da aku
- hatchets, waɗanda suka fi girma fiye da matsakaitan auks, da kyar suke adawa da girma tare da tattabarar birni
- guillemots, kamar gulls kamar yadda ya yiwu
- lananan luriks tare da baƙar fata, madaidaiciya da gajeren baki
- auk tare da juye juye sannan sai ya lanƙwasa ƙwanƙolin baki, wanda aka matse shi daga ɓangarorin
- guillemots, wadanda sune mafi girma kuma an rarrabe su da dogon fari "gashin ido" wanda ya faro kasa zuwa daga kusurwar idanun
Yawancin auks suna ɓoye kamshi tare da gland na musamman. Manyan jinsuna, alal misali, suna wari kamar citrus. Fanshin lemun tsami ana hada shi ta wuyan tsuntsun. Mutane suna jin ƙaran kilomita ɗaya. Tsuntsaye suna jin ƙanshin ƙari, suna samun nasu.
Gulluna
Tsuntsayen dangi suna da launin toka, baƙi ko fari. Dukkanin tekun teku suna da aure ne guda daya, ma'ana, suna da aminci ga abokin tarayya daya. An shirya gida tare da shi a gaɓar teku.
Iyalin sun hada da nau'ikan sama da 40. Tsakanin su:
1. Baƙin gwal. An samo shi a gabar Bahar Maliya, a cikin Crimea. A waje da Rasha, sanannen abu ne a Yammacin Turai. Bakin shugaban tsuntsun ya bambanta da jan baki da jikin farin-dusar ƙanƙara.
2. Bahar Rum. Tana da girma, tana da fararen fata, an bambance ta da gajeren bakin gajeren baki, wuya mai iko da kambi mai kwalliya.
3. Gwal mai fuka-fukai, ɗayan kuma fari ne. Irin wadannan tsuntsayen ana samunsu a Alaska da bakin teku, har zuwa Washington.
4. Fata mai furfura. Fukafukanta suma launin toka ne. Jinsin na kowa ne a Kudancin Amurka da Afirka. A can, tsuntsayen masu launin toka suna da sheƙu a fadama a cikin ciyawar dawa.
5. Azurfa. Wannan gull din an banbanta shi da kansa mai kusurwa, girma da girman gini. Dabbar tana da alama ba ta da hankali. Wani ɓangare na tasirin ana haifar dashi ta hanyar haɗari, baki mai lankwasa.
6. Rose gull. An samo shi a Siberia ta Arewa maso Gabas. Baya da kai na tsuntsun masu launin shuɗi ne-shuɗi. Ciki da nono kala-kala ruwan hoda mai launi. Akwai bakin kwalliya a wuyanta. Tsarin dabba na da rauni, tsawon jiki bai wuce santimita 34 ba.
7. Relic. An gano shi a karni na 20 akan raguwar yawan mutane, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja. Tsuntsu fari ne mai bakin iyaka a fuka-fuki da wutsiya.
8. Kurciya. Akasin sunan, na nasa ne. Fari daga kai a hankali yana gudana zuwa launin toka a kan wutsiya. Ana samun tsuntsun a yammacin Turai, a Afirka, a yankin Bahar Maliya.
Kayan kiwan gull sun bambanta da na hunturu. Hakanan ana ambaton dimomin jima'i. Watau, mata da maza sun banbanta cikin girma da launi.
Crane kamar ruwa
Da zarar akwai iyalai 22 a cikin rukunin. A zamanin yau 9 daga cikinsu burbushinsu ne. Daga cikin sauran iyalai 13, 4 suna da wakilci a cikin Rasha.Ya haɗa da nau'ikan 23. Ainihin, waɗannan sune cranes:
1. Gwanin launin toka. Ya auna kilo 6 tare da tsayin sentimita 115. Beige mai tsayin centimita talatin. Akwai wani wuri ja a saman tsuntsun. Gaban goro yana baƙin ciki. Akwai abubuwan sakawa masu duhu akan jela da wuya. Sauran plumage launin toka ne.
2. Belladonna. Daga cikin cranes jariri baya girma zuwa mita. Tuffar dogayen fuka-fukai suna gudu daga idanuwa zuwa bayan kan dabbar. Hakanan an tsawaita gashin fuka-fukan akan fuka-fuki
3. Siberian Crane. Nauyin kilo 6 tare da tsayin santimita 140 kuma tsayin mitoci 1.1. Theungiyar ta kasance sananne ga Rasha, nau'ikan a yankin Arkhangelsk. Akwai karin tsuntsaye da yawa a Gundumar Yamalo-Jamusanci da Jamhuriyar Komi.
Ana iya gane tsuntsu ta farin launinsa tare da da'irar jan fata mara launi a bakin.
4. Ussuriisky crane. An kuma kira shi Jafananci. Hakanan yana cikin haɗari, yana da alamar zagaye ja a goshinsa.
An yi imanin cewa ya zama wani nau'in zane na gwargwadon tutar Japan. Kirar Ussuri ma tana zaune a cikin ƙasar Rana Mai Fitowa.
Adadin nau'in tsuntsayen masu kama da crane sun kai 200. Baya ga cranes ɗin kansu, ana yin la'akari da bustard da makiyayan makiyaya.
Don haka muka gano shi menene tsuntsaye tsuntsaye... Sanarwa da suna yana buƙatar mafi girman natsuwa tare da tsarin kwanuka. Tsarin sa yana da rikici har ma ga masu kallon tsuntsaye. Yana da mahimmanci fahimtar ba kawai jinsin ba, amma kuma don kare tsuntsayen. Rabin su an jera a cikin Littafin Ja.
