Smellanshin Cadaverous. Gilashin idanu. Kumfa a bakin. Waɗannan su ne hanyoyin kariya na mallaka. A lokacin haɗari, sukan yi kamar sun mutu, ba wai daskarewa kawai ba, har ma da kwaikwayon hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa. Kumfa a baki na nuna alamar mutuwa daga kamuwa da cuta.
Hatta dabbobi masu cin mushe ba sa son kamuwa. Bayan sunyi nazari kuma sun shaka ruwan durin "a cikin sifa", sai maharan suka wuce. Kuna iya ganin wannan a Amurka. Abun gado ba ya rayuwa a wasu nahiyoyin.
Bayani da fasalulluran halittar
"Smallaramin ƙanƙara mai launin ruwan kasa mai gajeren ƙafa da doguwar jela" shine bayanin farko na wataƙila, wanda aka yi a 1553 Sannan Pedro Cieza ya isa Amurka. Wannan masanin ƙasa ne na Sifen, ɗayan farkon masu ba da labari.
Cieza ba masaniyar dabba ba ce. An gano nau'in opossum ba daidai ba. A hakikanin gaskiya, dabbar ba ta wuce gona da iri ba ce, kuma ba wata dabba ba ce kamar fox.
Daga cikin marsupials, akwai sarakuna 2:
- Ostiraliya. Ya hada da kaso mafi tsoka na dabbobi masu shayarwa tare da karamar alatu a cikin cikinsu. Akwai kangaroos, bandicoots, da malesupial moles, wakilan farauta na aji kamar Shaidan na Tasmanian.
- Ba'amurke. An wakilta ta musamman ta ƙungiyar abubuwan mallaka. A lokaci guda, a Ostiraliya akwai irin wannan nau'in - ossums. Marsupials galibi ana kiransu sanannu ga Australia, wanda ke nuna cewa suna zaune ne kawai a ƙasashen ta. Koyaya, a gaskiya, mafi sauƙin dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cikin Sabuwar Duniya.
Kasancewa tsohuwar dabba, opossum:
- Yana da hakora hamsin. Tara daga cikinsu incis ne. Biyar suna saman kuma huɗu suna ƙasan. Wannan tsarin tsoffin hakori ne wanda yake asalin halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya.
- Yatsun biyar. Theafafun manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da yatsu 6.
- Yana da jaka a ina jariri ya fadi da wuri lokacin kwanaki 12. Sabili da haka, ana kiran 'poum' mahaifa biyu. A cikin jaka, kamar a cikin mahaifa na biyu, theasan suna ci gaba da haɓaka, suna ciyar da madarar uwa. Kwayoyin mammary suna fadada cikin ninkawar fata.
- Ya bayyana a doron kasa a ƙarshen lokacin Cretaceous, watau, kimanin shekaru miliyan 200 da suka gabata. A wannan lokacin, dinosaur har yanzu suna rayuwa a Duniya.
- Ya banbanta a ci gaban gabar hanun kafa.
Ba duk posum bane suke da jaka. A Kudancin Amurka, akwai wasu nau'ikan da nononsu ke kaura zuwa kirji. Irin waɗannan dabbobi suna yin ba tare da jaka ba. Sim possums ba na musamman bane, kodayake. Akwai berayen marsupial ba tare da ninkewar fata ba. Kuma matar ba ta da jaka.
Don haka posum yana nuna kamar ya mutu, yana tsoratar da masu cin nama
Hakanan ana haihuwar yara masu ciki marasa ƙarfi ba tare da bata lokaci ba, suna kamawa a kan nonon uwa. 'Ya'yan suna rataye a kirjinta har sai sun iya jagorantar rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
A cikin ɗakunan ruwa na marsupial, narkar da fata yana da sauƙi, yana buɗewa zuwa jela. Babu maganar "aljihu" kamar kangaroo.
Jinsunan Opossum
Ba duk kayan kwalliya bane, kamar bayanin Pedro Cieza, yayi kama da doguwar jela da gajeren gajere. Akwai kuma masu kama da linzamin kwamfuta gurguzu .Arami dabbobin suna da:
- manyan idanu
- zagaye kunnuwa
- wutsiyar da ba ta tsirara, mai kauri a gindi kuma yana iya ɗaukar abin da ke kewaye da shi, ya nade su
- gajeren gashi mai launin ruwan kasa, shuɗi, launin toka
Akwai nau'ikan 55 masu kama da linzamin kwamfuta, wanda a lokaci guda suna kama da beraye. Misalan sune:
1. Maganin Pygmy... Yana da launin ja-ruwan toka, fur mai launuka masu haske. A tsawon lokaci, dabbar ta kai santimita 31, wanda baya ba da izinin sunan nau'in ba. Akwai ma ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa.
2. Limsky. An buɗe a cikin 1920. Dabbar na zaune ne a arewacin Brazil, kasancewar ta ba safai ba. Daga cikin nau'ikan halittu guda 55, akwai kusan 80% daga cikinsu.
3. Wuta. Har ila yau, wani dan kasar Brazil, wanda aka gano a cikin 1936. Dabbar tana zaune ne a yankin Goias. Kamar sauran kayan kwalliya irin na linzamin kwamfuta, wutar tana da kunkuntar bakin ta.
4. Kwanciyar hankali. An samo shi a Bolivia da Argentina. An buɗe ra'ayi a cikin 1842. Launin jinsunan ja ne. Jawo kamar karammiski. Saboda haka sunan nau'in.
5. Mai alheri. Wannan opossum yana rayuwa a kudancin Brazil da Argentina, an buɗe a cikin 1902. Dabbar ta sami sunan ne saboda jituwa ta musamman da alherin motsi.
6. Jau jau... Yana zaune a cikin Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname. Marsupial yana da fitowar mai musamman a gindin wutsiya. Launin dabba, kamar yadda sunan yake, ja ne. Pomum bai wuce santimita 25 tare da wutsiyarsa ba.
Daga cikin opossums tare da dogon fur, matsakaiciyar girma, mafi kama da chanterelles, squirrels ko martens, mun ambaci:
1. Duba ruwa. An samo shi a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Jikin dabba 30 cm. Wutsiya ruwan ruwa sanye da santimita 40. Hannun bakin dabbar yana da sautin madara, kuma a jikin ulu yana da baƙin baki.
Jirgin ruwan yana sauka kusa da ruwa, yana kama kifi a cikinsu. Ba kamar yawancin ɗumbin ruwa ba, ruwa yana da gaɓoɓi da yawa. A kudin su, dabbar tana da tsayi.
Ruwan ruwa yana da ƙuƙwalwa a ƙafafun bayanta kamar bishiyar ruwa
2. Mai ido hudu. Sanye da farin tabo sama da idanun duhu. Suna kama da idanu biyu. Saboda haka sunan nau'in. Gashi na wakilansa launin toka ne mai duhu. Dabbar tana rayuwa a cikin tsaunukan Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Girman ido mai ido huɗu ya kai kusan na uku ƙanƙan da na ruwa.
3. Sugar posum. Sunansa na tsakiya tsuntsu ne mai tashi sama. Dangane da rarrabuwar dabbobin, dabbar fatalwa ce, ba kwaya ba ce. Wadannan iyalai ne daban-daban. Baya ga rabuwar yankuna, wakilansu sun banbanta a kamannin.
Possum fur, alal misali, yayi kama da na ciki kuma yana da rami a ciki. Gashin Opossum sun cika cikakke, sun fi rauni, sun fi tsayi. Idanun dabbobi kanana ne, basa fitowa. Opossum duk daya sukari kawai ana kiranta da yawa ta hanyar Amurka, amma yayi kama da ɗan Australiya.
4. Abokin Australiya... A hakikanin gaskiya, ita ma wata hanya ce. A Ostiraliya, dabbar tana ɗayan marsupials da aka fi sani. Furaran Fure yana rufe dukkan jikin dabbar, yana da sautin zinariya.
Kunnawa hoto posum yayi kama da ƙaramar kangaroo. 'Yan Australia sun kwatanta dabba da kwai. Sababin kamfanin Opossum.
5. Budurwa opossum... Yana nufin gaskiya ne. Yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka kuma yana da cikakken jaka. Girman dabbar yana kama da na kyanwa na gida. Gashi na tufafin Virginia yana da tauri, dishe, launin toka. Mafi dangin dangi shine kudanci da jinsin gama gari.
Akwai nau'ikan 75 na mallakar Amurka. Sun kasu kashi-kashi 11. Duk abin da asalin halitta yake da shi, yana da hankali, mara ma'ana. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa dabba ta zaɓi ta yi kamar ta mutu a matsayin mafi kyawun hanyar kare kanta.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Opossum - dabbafifita mazaunin kudu. Saboda haka, akwai therean nau'ikan marsupials a Arewacin Amurka. Suna hawa cikin teku, dabbobi suna daskare wutsiyoyi da kunnuwansu a cikin tsananin damuna.
Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan halittu na gaske, waɗanda kawai ƙarshen wutsiyar su ke tsirara. Yawancin samansa an rufe shi da fur. Isar da shi don tuna fatum-tailed possum. Gaskiya ne, yana zaune ne a Kudancin Amurka, ba Arewacin Amurka ba.
Taunƙarar fatsi mai ƙyalli
Abubuwan da ke tattare da rayuwar opossum sun hada da:
- wanzuwar kadaici
- mazauni a cikin dazuzzuka, steppes da Semi-steppes
- mafi yawansu suna rayuwa irin ta arboreal (na ukun na duniya ne kuma ruwan kifin ne kawai na rabin ruwa)
- ayyuka a magariba da dare
- kasancewar kamannin nutsuwa (tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin farkawa a cikin kwanaki masu kyau), idan dabbar tana zaune a yankin arewa
Game da mallaka ba za ku iya cewa suna da wayo ba. A cikin hankali, dabbobi ba su kai na karnuka, kuliyoyi, berayen talakawa. Koyaya, wannan baya hana yawancin lomomi a ajiye su a gida. Byaramin ƙananan dabbobi ne suka jawo hankalinsu, ƙwarewar su, wasan su.
Fim din "Ice Age" ya ba da gudummawa ga farin jinin dabbobi. Tasirin ya zama ba ɗaya daga cikin jarumansa kawai ba, amma mafi soyuwa ga jama'a.
Kayan abinci
Magunguna suna da iko kuma suna ci. Tsarin yau da kullun na marsupials ya hada da:
- 'ya'yan itace
- namomin kaza
- kwari
- ganye
- ciyawa
- masara
- inabin daji
- qwai na tsuntsaye, beraye da kadangaru
Cikakken bayanan menu ya dogara da yankin dabba. Hannun Australiya, ko kuma maimakon haka, yana ciyar da 'ya'yan itace kawai, ganye da larvae. A Kudancin Amurka, wasu ganyayyaki suna girma, wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa suna girma, kuma ƙwayoyin kwari na musamman suna rayuwa. A arewacin nahiyar, menu ma na musamman ne.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Ruwan marsupial a Arewacin Amurka yana samar da zuriya sau uku a shekara. Jinsunan da ke rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu zafi suna hayayyafa duk shekara. Abubuwan da ke da katako sun fi son yin wani nau'in gida, ko zama a cikin ramuka. Siffofin ƙasa sun daidaita:
- a cikin ramuka;
- burukan da aka watsar;
- daga cikin tushen
Haihuwa kuma ya banbanta ga jinsunan opossum. Virgirsky yana da mafi girma. Akwai yara 30 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Rabin su dole ne su mutu, tunda dabbar tana da nono 13. Waɗanda ke da lokacin manne wa gland sun tsira.
A matsakaici, ɗimbin yawa suna haihuwar yara 10-18. Idan sun girma, sukan matsa zuwa bayan uwar. Opossums suna tafiya can har tsawon watanni da yawa, kawai sai suka sauko ƙasa kuma suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Ba zai wuce shekaru 9 ba.
