An sabunta. Red Book of dabbobi a Rasha ba'a canza shi ba tun farkonta, ma'ana, tun 1997. A cikin 2016, yanayin ya lalace. An bayar da sigar da aka sabunta a watan Nuwamba. Jerin dabbobin da ke karkashin kariya ya canza da 30%.
Ma'aikatar Yanayi ta kasar ce ta fara bayar da rahoton wannan. Bayan haka, Izvestia ta yada labarin. Littafin ya wallafa cewa saiga, beran Himalayan da mai sakewa an goge su daga littafin Red Book na Rasha. Ba su ba da cikakken bayani game da tsuntsayen ba. Amma, sabon bugu ya riga ya kasance a kan ɗakunan ajiya. Lokaci ya yi da za a sabunta bayanan intanet kuma.
Littafin Ja na Rasha
A cikin 2016, Gwamnatin kasar ta bayyana Dokar Kwamitin Jiha na Tarayyar Tarayyar Kare Muhalli mai kwanan wata 3 ga Oktoba, 1997. Madadin haka, an amince da sabuwar hanya don kiyaye Littafin Ja. Ya dogara da sakin layi na 3 na dokar Gwamnati ta 1219 na Nuwamba 11, 2015.
A cikin sabon bugun, wanda ya hada da invertebrates da vertebrates a matsayin mizani, sauye-sauyen sun fi shafar tsohon. Waɗannan sune molluscs da kwari. Daga cikin kashin baya, jerin dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fadada sosai.
An kara dabbobi masu rarrafe 17. Ya kasance a cikin jerin 21. Jerin tsuntsayen dake karkashin kariya ya fadada da fiye da kashi uku. A cikin littafin da ya gabata na Red Book akwai su 76. Yanzu suna da 126. Gabaɗaya, nau'ikan tsuntsaye 760 suna rayuwa a cikin buɗaɗɗun gida, kuma akwai kusan 9000 daga cikinsu a duniya.
A bugun da ya gabata na Red Book of Russia, an rarraba shafukan ne bisa ga al'adar duniya ta launi. Ja jayayya ce mai hatsari, kuma baki ya riga ya kare. Launi mai launin rawaya a cikin littafin yana nuna dabbobi marasa ƙarfi da ƙarancin gaske, yayin da farar fenti ke nuna waɗanda ba su da cikakken nazari. Ya rage kore. Suna tsara nau'ikan da za'a iya dawo dasu.
Sabon littafin yana riƙe da ƙirar da aka sani, amma an sake sake "katunan". Sabbin “masu barkwanci” sun bayyana, kuma wasu tsuntsayen sun rasa “rawanin” Littafinsu. Bari mu bincika jerin da aka sabunta.
Tsuntsaye na Littafin Ja na Rasha
Dikusha
Sunanta yana da alaƙa ba da tsoron kowa da komai ba, amma akasin haka tare da gullin daji. Son tsuntsayen da kyawawan halaye suna "ture" shi cikin madaukai waɗanda mafarauta suka sanya. Ya rage ne kawai don tsananta igiyar a wuyan gashinta.
Mafarauta ba sa amfani da bindiga lokacin da za su je wurin shakatawa na daji. Tsuntsu kansa yana shiga hannun. Wannan, a zahiri, yana da alaƙa da raguwar yawan jama'a. Fuka-fukai daga umarnin kaji yana da daɗi kuma yana da nama. Girman Jar Littafin matsakaici ne tsakanin kayan ado da baƙar fata. A waje, Siberian Grouse ya fi kama da na ƙarshe.
Duck Mandarin
Wannan agwagin, ba kamar wasu ba, yana sauka a cikin bishiyoyi. Wani lokaci, Mandarins suna zama a cikin rami mai nisan mita 5-6 daga ƙasa. Kajin suna guduwa zuwa ƙasa ta hanyar shimfiɗa abin da suke ɗorawa a kan ƙafafunsu. Wadannan "dambu" suna aiki ne a matsayin oars a cikin ruwa, da kuma cikin sama - wani karin tallafi ne akan iska.
Sunan mai zaki Mandarin duck bashi da kyawun drakes. Idan ducks suna da launin toka a al'ada, to maza daga cikin jinsunan sune dawisu tsakanin tsuntsayen ruwa. A jikin drakes, sun haɗu da shunayya, lemu, kore, ja, rawaya, fari, shuɗi launuka. Haka kuma, dabbar ba ta fi gram 700 ba.
Steppe kestrel
Yana farauta fanko. Sunan jinsin yana da alaƙa da wannan rubutun. Kestrel nasa ne na ungulu, amma suna farauta a gudu, da littafin Red - a ƙasa. Kestrel ya kasa tashi sama da mita 20 zuwa sama.
Yawancin lokaci, tsuntsu yakan tashi daga mita 5-10 daga farfajiyar. Saboda matsalolin jirgin, tsuntsayen sun fi son kada su nemi abin farauta daga sama, amma suna zaune cikin kwanton bauna kuma waɗanda ke gudu suna jira.
A watan Yulin bana, mazauna yankin Volgograd sun ceci daya daga cikin tsuntsayen da ke cikin littafin Red Book. Sun lura da wani tsuntsu da yake nitse a cikin tabkin. Wani saurayi, kusan kaji, yana cikin damuwa. Lokacin bazara a yankin ya zama busasshe kuma har ma da rashin bishiyar ruwa ya kai ga tafkunan.
Tsuntsun tsuntsayen Jankowski
Buntings suna rayuwa biyu-biyu kuma gida a cikin ciyawa. Suna kona shi kowace shekara. Tsuntsaye ba za su iya mallakar filayen da aka keɓe don yin sheƙa ba. Babu ƙwai - babu zuriya. Don haka adadin buntings kuma ya ragu zuwa matakin Littafin Ja.
Oatmeal karamin tsuntsu ne. Tsawon jikin dabbar, gami da jela, ya kai santimita 15. Kuna iya saduwa da gashin fuka-fukai a cikin yankunan kudanci na Farasar Gabas ta Rasha.
Tsuntsun Jack
Jack shine sunan da aka ba wa ƙawancen ƙawa. Launuka a jikin tsuntsun masu dabara ne, amma an rarraba su da matuƙar kyau. A saman farin nono akwai wani kepe mai yalwar fata tare da kwalliyar kwalliya mai launin baƙi. Striananan ratsi suna sauka a tsaye zuwa ga wuyan farin Jack. An nada kan tsuntsu tare da gwatso, yana dawowa baya cikin nutsuwa. Ya ƙunshi gashin tsuntsaye farar fata da launuka masu launi.
Ana iya samun Jack a cikin yashi, dutse mai hamada da hamada a kudancin Rasha. Aarƙataccen jiki mai doguwar ƙafa da doguwar wuya yana ɗaukar ƙungiyoyi tare da sanduna. Ga tsuntsaye kamar su, a zahiri, kyawawan kyautan mallakar su ne.
Tsuntsun Avdotka
Za a iya dangantaka da jackbird. Masu lura da tsuntsaye sun kasu kashi biyu. Wasu suna la'akari da avdotka ga 'yan fashin, yayin da wasu kuma ga masu bi. Ya bambanta da Siberian Grouse, Avdotka ya bambanta ta hanyar taka tsantsan.
Don ganin Littafin Ja akwai sa'a. Saboda haka, bayani game da avdotka yana da iyaka. An san cewa dabba tana cin kwari da tsutsotsi, ba dare bane, gida ne a ƙasa, tsakanin ciyawa da daji.
Tsuntsun Bustard
A Rasha, ita ce mafi girman tsuntsu mai tashi sama. Yawancin 'yan sata suna cikin yankin Saratov. Tsuntsayen littafin Red Book sun zama wata alama ta yankin. Cibiyar Ilimin Lafiyar Qasa da Juyin Halitta na Yankin shine babban mayaki don dawo da martabar tsuntsayen.
Tana ƙaura, don lokacin sanyi tana zuwa Afirka, inda aka san ta a matsayin alama ta haihuwa. Koyaya, kama hannun kamala kaɗan ne. An saka ƙwai 2-3 a cikin gida. Mata na zuga su. Ba sa barin kama na tsawon kwanaki 30, fata ne kuma ba su faɗa cikin haɗari.
Don kada a jefa ƙwai, ana danna bustards a ƙasa. Launi mai launi yana ba ka damar haɗuwa da yanayin. Idan bai taimaka ba, tsuntsu ya mutu, amma baya barin kama. Mahaifin, a gefe guda, ya ƙi ta nan da nan bayan ya yi jima'i, yana tafiya tare da sauran ƙa'idodin 'yan mata zuwa wuraren zubi.
Bakin baki mai tsini
Tsuntsu a samartaka ba shi da bambanci da loon da aka saba da shi. Ofananan jinsunan biyu suna da launi iri ɗaya. Manya sun riga sun fara duhu. Yuntsov yana bada baki. A cikin jar-makogwaro, yana "hanci-hanci", kuma a cikin baki-makogwaro madaidaiciya.
Loananan raƙuman baƙin ciki suna zaune a cikin manyan bishiyoyi tsakanin gandun daji. Wani lokaci, Red Book an rarraba shi a yankin Leningrad. Yanzu, kawai 'yan tsuntsaye ne masu baƙin ciki. An daidaita su daidai da wasan ninkaya da tashi, kimanin nauyin kilo 3 da tsawon santimita 75.
Caspian plover
Yana zama a cikin hamada mai yashi. Akwai irin wadannan mutane a kudancin kasar. Jarabawar rashin bushewa da zafi ba abu ne na ɗabi'a ba, wanda abin yin abin yake. Yawancin lokaci, wakilan ƙungiyar suna sauka a cikin daushen. Hakanan, nau'in Caspian ya fi ruwa yawa, ya kai tsawon santimita 20.
Sunan na biyu na makircin Caspian shine Khrustan. Wakilan jinsin suna yin nau'i-nau'i kuma basa rabuwa, suna kula da zuriya. Koyaya, ba kamar 'yan kwalliya ba, masu sassaucin ra'ayi suna saurin tashi daga kama zuwa rami mai ruwa, suna neman abinci.
Yana iya zama kamar saɓo. Koyaya, ƙananan nauyin Littafin Ja baya bashi damar ƙona kitse tsawon makonni. Tsuntsu zai mutu kawai. Manyan 'yan iska suna da ƙarin tanadi don ruwan sama.
Albatross mai tallafi da fari
Jinsin dake da farin goshi shine mafi girman albatross na arewacin duniya. Fuka-fukan fuka-fukai sukan wuce santimita 220. Littafin Ja yana zaune a cikin yankunan teku. Ganin tsuntsu shine sa'a.
Can baya a 1949, jinsin halittar ya mutu. Bayan haka, an karyata bayanin, amma, bai yiwu a dawo da yawan mutanen ba har wa yau. A cikin 1951 masana ilimin ɗabi'a sun gano tsuntsaye 20 da suka tsira a tsibirin Torishima. Yanzu akwai kusan ƙattai 300 na albatrosses.
Akwai dalilai da yawa na halakar nau'ikan. Kattai sukan ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin su balaga. Kalilan ne suka rayu har zuwa lokacin haihuwa, tunda beraye da sauran masu cin nama suna cin kajin. Mafarauta ma na cikin shirin ko ta kwana. Albatross mai tallafi da fari shine ma'ajiyar nama mai daɗin gina jiki.
Wata matsalar da ke tattare da katuwar albatrosses ita ce dutsen tsawa. Tsuntsaye suna zama a wuraren ayyukansu, suna kusa da dumi. Koyaya, idan lava da iskar gas mai zafi ta fara ɓarkewa daga cikin hanjin duniya, Littattafan Ja sun faɗi ƙarƙashin "duka".
Pink pelikan
Da fari fari ne. Fifar tsuntsun tana samun ruwan hoda shekaru 3 bayan haihuwa. Ba kowane mutum ne zai ƙaddara cewa zai iya rayuwa har zuwa zamanin da yake da tabo ba. Duniyar pelicans ba ta da kyau, duk da sunan "girlish" na jinsin.
Idan an haifi kajin da yawa, mafi ƙarfi, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana karɓar abinci daga raunana. Waɗannan sun fi rauni har ma ana fitar da su daga gida. Anan tsuntsayen suke mutuwa. Banda wasu litattafan da aka haifa a gidan zoo.
A cikin Mosko, alal misali, ɗiya mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda ta ƙyanƙyashe mace. Wannan kwalliyar dangi ne na Littafin Ja. A cikin mutum mai gashi-gashi, ƙwai da aka sa ba komai, kuma a cikin hoda ɗaya, cuba cuba sun fito daga duka ukun.
Daya daga cikin zuriyar ya kwace mulki. Na biyu ya sami damar kare wani yanki daga ciki. Kaji na uku ya mutu. Daga nan sai ma'aikatan gidan zoo din suka ba da jaririn ga mahaifiyar da ta gaza.
Gasar da ake yi tsakanin 'yan kwalliyar kansu, hade da farauta, da raguwa a muhallinsu, su ne abubuwan da suka "kawo" tsuntsun cikin littafin Red Book na Rasha. Koyaya, a wajen ƙasar, nau'ikan suma suna cikin barazanar bacewa.
Crested cormorant tsuntsu
Wannan cormorant din baƙar fata ne kuma yana da tabon kai, yana zaune a Bahar Maliya. Baki akan haɗarin baki yana ɓacewa. Akwai kusan ma'aurata 500 da suka rage a Rasha. Kuna iya haɗuwa da Littafin Ja, alal misali, akan dutsen Parus a cikin Yankin Krasnodar.
An dakatar da farauta don wakilan nau'in daga 1979. Amma suna ci gaba da farauta tare da rikitarwa. An sanya zobe tare da doguwar igiya a wuyan tsuntsayen. Fuka mai fuka-fuki yakan kama kifi, amma ba zai iya haɗiyewa ba, ya kai wa mai shi. A zamanin da, Jafananci suna neman abinci. A Bahar Maliya, farauta tare da cormorants nishaɗi ne ga masu yawon buɗe ido.
Red-ƙafa ibis
Tsuntsu yana ɗaya daga cikin rarest ba kawai a Rasha ba, har ma a duniya. Littafin Ja yana son wuraren dausayi, da tabkuna da dausayi. Can tsuntsun yana neman 'ya' yan kwalliya da ƙananan kifi. A cikin Rasha, zaku iya yin tunanin farauta kusa da Amur a lokacin rani. Yawan jama'ar ya mamaye wasu wurare a wajen ƙasar.
Raguwar yawan ibisi wani bangare ne saboda bacewar gidajensu. Misali yawan jama'ar kasar Sin ya bace saboda sare tsoffin 'ya'yan popula, wanda akan sa ne birgimarsu. Mutane masu jajayen kafa ba su yarda da canza musu "mahalli" ba.
Hakanan, an harbi tsuntsayen. Mafi yawa daga cikin kabilun sun rayu ne a kasar Japan, inda a karshen karni na 19 suka gabatar da sassauci kan farauta, inda suka "fara" lalata mummunar tsuntsaye masu jan kafa. Yanzu basu fi 250 a duk duniya ba.
Bayanai game da taron Red Book a cikin shekarun da suka gabata ba su da tabbaci tabbatacce. Lokaci na karshe da ya yiwu a ɗaukar hoto ga tsuntsu a cikin Rasha a cikin shekarun 80s. Amma, bayanin kai tsaye game da tarurruka tare da ibis yana ba da dalilin barin shi a cikin littafin Red Book na ƙasar.
Tsuntsun Cokali
Tattara tukunyan sukari maimakon baki. In ba don na biyun ba, cokali kamar na stork ne. A hakikanin gaskiya, Littafin Ja yana cikin tsarin tsinke. Bakin dabbar yana fadada kuma yayi shimfidawa a karshen. Wannan tsarin yana taimakawa wajen kamo kananan kifaye da tsutsayen kwari daga ruwa.
Spoonbill, kamar dai, yana ba da tafki tare da bakinsa, a hankali yana motsa shi. A cikin koguna, tsuntsaye suna aiki rukuni-rukuni, suna layi a layi daya. Cokali mai farauta shi kadai a cikin ruwa mai tsafta. Bearin bakin da aka shimfida a zahiri yana cike da jijiyoyin jijiyoyi. Suna kama motsi kaɗan.
Baƙin stork
Blackawarin bakin tsuntsu yana haske shunayya da kore. Kafafun stork da bakinsa ja ne kuma nono fari ne. Ba a nufin kallon suttura don shagala. Littafin Ja ya fi son kaɗaici, yana gabatowa da sauran stork kawai a lokacin da ake saduwa.
Bayan sun bada 'ya'ya, sai tsuntsayen su watse zuwa "sasanninta". Wadannan kusurwoyin suna kara kankanta, wanda hakan wani sirri ne ga mai kallon tsuntsaye. A dabi'a, babban tsuntsu ba shi da abokan gaba.
Babu farautar farauta mai aiki, tunda gashin fuka-fukin yana da siriri kuma mai hankali. Akwai wurare masu banƙyama waɗanda suka dace da rayuwa a Rasha. Koyaya, yawan jama'a yana raguwa a hankali. Ba tare da fahimtar dalilai ba, masana kimiyya ba su san yadda za su kare jinsin ba.
Tsaunin dutse
Duba tsauni saboda yana tashi a tsawan tsawan mita 6000. Mita 500 da suka gabata, abun da ke cikin iskar oxygen a sararin samaniya ya rabi. Tsaunin tsauni ne kawai zai iya kasancewa a cikin irin wannan yanayin, kodayake a cikin hotunan suna zana falcons da kwanukan kwana zuwa rana.
Mai nasara na kololuwa shine Littafinmu na Red. Toarfin saurin fitar da jini cikin jiki yana taimakawa jimre da ƙarancin oxygen. Ruwan da aka kunna suna sarrafawa don isar da adadin gas da ake buƙata zuwa sel.
Koyaya, inji ba a fahimta cikakke. Masana kimiyya suna fama da aikin. Idan za a iya warware shi, zai iya ba da gudummawa wajen magance matsalolin numfashin ɗan adam. Daga wannan, maƙasudin adana geese na dutse ya zama mafi mahimmanci.
Flamingo
Tsuntsun karas. Don haka zaka iya kiran flamingo, da sanin cewa carotene yana taruwa a cikin gashin fuka-fukan dabba. Ana samun wannan launin ba kawai a cikin karas ba, har ma a cikin wasu mollusks, alal misali, shrimps, crustaceans. Wannan shine abincin flamingo.
Ana saka carotene a cikin laman su, yana ba shi sautin murjani. Amma "sautin" na yanayin tsuntsayen yana samun duhu masu duhu. Yawan jama'ar Rasha yana raguwa. Tsarin yana tafiyar hawainiya, amma a cikin fitowar ta ƙarshe ta Red Book babu wani nau'in.
Lessaramin Farin Farin Gizon Fure
Na Anseriformes ne, gidajen gida a arewacin taiga. Tsuntsun yana buƙatar daɗaɗɗen, gandun daji marasa budurwa. Faduwarsa na daga cikin dalilan raguwar adadin tsuntsaye. Ba koyaushe ake zargi mafarauta da abin da suka aikata ba, kuma ba koyaushe mafarauta keɓaɓɓu ba.
Lessananan Farin-gaban Goose yana kama da farar mai-fari. Harbi na karshen ana aiwatar da shi a hukumance. Tun daga nesa, mafarauta suna tsammanin suna kashe ƙawancen gama gari. Ya fi ɗan girma kuma yana da ƙaramin tabo a goshi. Wannan duk bambancin dake tsakanin jinsin.
Gasar Amurka
Wannan kuma tsuntsayen anseriform ne wanda ke rayuwa a cikin tarkra arctic. A wajen Rasha, tsinken tsuntsayen kwatankwacin Kanada da arewacin Amurka, wanda ke bayanin sunan fuka-fukan. Af, yana da shuke-shuke, akwai plantain da sedge.
Halin rashin lahani da nama mai daɗi sune dalilan da ya sa aka hallaka mutane, duk da haramcin farauta. Dangane da mummunan kiyasi, nau'ikan na rasa mutane 4,000 a kowace shekara ta dalilin laifin mafarauta.
Tshonos tsuntsu
A cikin dangin duck ducklings mafi girma. Ya bambanta da tsuntsayen gida ba kawai a cikin girma ba, har ma a cikin rikodin wuyan saƙo da launin baki baki. Latterarshen ya shimfiɗa da santimita 10, wanda kuma ya bambanta bushewar hanci daga sauran geese. Amma irin abincin da tsuntsun yake ci na yau da kullun ne. Littafin Ja yana da hatsi da ciyayi.
Da yake daji ne, Sukhonos a sauƙaƙe yake, wanda ke nufin cewa da farko abin ruɗi ne. Tsuntsun ba ya buya wa mutane, shi ya sa ake harbe shi, duk da haramcin da aka yi masa. A ce dai gani yana tsokanar mafarauta.
Saramin swan
Sunan na biyu shine tundra, kamar yadda yake a arewa. A nan tsuntsun ya kai tsawon santimita 130. Faɗin fikafikan bai kai mita 2 ba. Sauran swans sun fi girma.
Ana dawo da nau'in, amma har yanzu ba a cire shi daga littafin Red Book ba. A cikin mutane, yawancin mutane sun shahara da aminci. An kammala nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'i mai nau'i ko da suna matasa ne, ƙasa da shekara ɗaya. Wannan alkawari ne. Dabbobi za su shiga cikakkiyar dangantaka daga baya, amma sun san wanda aka nufa da su tun suna matasa.
Tsuntsu Osprey
Wannan mai cin abincin yana cin abinci ne kawai akan kifi. Don kama shi, ɗayan ƙafan osprey ya fara juyawa. Ya fi sauƙi a kama ganima ta wannan hanyar. Ra'ayin ma na musamman ne saboda ba shi da dangi na kusa.
Tsuntsun yana ta mutuwa saboda halakar wuraren da suke gida. Osprey ya daɗe, ya kai shekaru 40-46. Duk banda samartaka, masu farauta suna ciyarwa a cikin gida ɗaya, suna gyara shi kowace shekara. Idan ka cire gurbi, zaka cire wani ɓangare na osprey daga doron ƙasa. Ma'auratan za su ƙi neman sabon "gida".
Serpentine
Tsuntsayen na ungulu ne, suna ciyar da macizai. Tsuntsu mai gashin tsuntsu yana dauke da ganima ga nestlings, tuni ya shanye wani sashi. 'Ya'yan sun kama ƙarshen halittar rarrafe da ta fito daga bakin iyayen kuma ta ja, ta ja. Wani lokaci, yakan dauki mintuna 5-10 kafin a samo abinci daga mahaifar mahaifi ko ta mahaifiya.
A duk ƙasar Rasha, an ƙidaya masu cin maciji mutane 3000. La'akari da cewa tsuntsayen dabbobi farare-shaye ne na gandun daji, ƙarancin yanayi ya ɓace tare da jinsunan masu zubar da jini. Kodayake littafin Red Book yana son macizai, amma zai iya cin nakuda wanda cutar ta raunana. Wannan yana dakatar da yaduwar kwayar.
Lopaten
Yana nufin masu tafiya. Bakin karamin tsuntsu yana kwanciya a karshen, yayi kama da kafada. Wanda yake da gashin fuka-fukin yana amfani da shi azaman hanzarin fata, yana kama kwari cikin gudu. Har ila yau, bakin shebur yana taimakawa wajen neman abinci a cikin ƙasan bakin teku.
Babban wurin zama na littafin Red Book shine Chukotka. Tsuntsaye suna da alaƙa da wuraren shaƙatawa, wannan shine dalilin da yasa suke wahala. Hakanan, tsuntsaye suna mutuwa saboda gurbacewar magudanan ruwa tare da kayan mai da lalacewar mahalli gaba ɗaya.
Spatula ta fi kulawa da shi fiye da tsuntsaye da yawa. Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun yi hasashen cikakken nau'in jinsin a cikin shekaru 10. Idan haka ne, fitowar ta gaba ta littafin Red Book na Rasha ba za ta sake samun shebur ba. A halin yanzu, akwai kusan mutane 2,000 a duniya.
Mikiya
Tsuntsun na daga cikin nau'in mikiya, yana fadada santimita 70-90, kuma yana fuka fuka-fukansa yakai mita 2 ko sama da haka. Kattai suna nesa da mutane. Waɗannan wurare suna ƙasa da ƙasa kuma suna buƙatar raba tsakanin nau'i biyu na gaggafa zinariya. Suna tare koyaushe tare da zaɓaɓɓen abokin tarayya. Irin wannan yanayi yana daga cikin dalilan raguwar adadi, kuma dukkan nau'ikan 6 na gaggafa zinariya.
Mikiya mai fuka-fukai
Ya daidaita shi kaɗai a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, yana buƙatar maƙasudin yanki ga kowane mutum fiye da gaggafa zinariya. A Rasha, Orolan shine mafi girma daga tsuntsaye masu farauta. Katon yana da sunaye biyu daban - masu farin kafaɗa da fari.
Gaskiyar ita ce ba dukkan fuka-fukan tsuntsu suke da haske ba, amma kawai yankuna ne a ɓangarensu na sama. Hakanan, gaggafa tana da farin wutsiya. Idan baka shiga cikin cikakken bayani ba, kalar littafin Red Book yayi kama da na wani magi. Sabili da haka, masanin halitta Georg Steller, wanda ya taɓa gano gaggafa, ya kira shi magpie. Anan akwai wani suna don tsuntsu wanda ba safai ba.
Relic teku
Ba wai kawai yana da wuya ba, amma kuma kwanan nan aka gano. An sami mulkin mallaka na tsuntsaye a cikin 1965 a kan tabkunan Torey. Suna cikin Yankin Trans-Baikal. Gano mutane 100 ya sa ya yiwu a bayyana cewa wannan jinsin ne daban, kuma ba wani yanki ba ne na gullun da aka riga aka sani.
Har zuwa 1965, an sami kwarangwal guda kawai na wata dabba mai kama da dabbobi. An kawo ragowar daga Asiya. Kwarangwal daya ne kawai bai baiwa masana kimiyya cikakken bayani ba. Bayan 1965, an yi rijistar mulkin mallaka na gull gull a wajen Rasha. Yanzu yawan mutanen duniya yakai mutane 10,000-12,000.
Daursky crane
Tsuntsun yana da kafafu masu ruwan hoda, jajjen ido ja, launin kai da fari da launin toka da fari. Maza kyawawa siriri ne dogaye. A cikin Rasha, ana samun Red Book a kan iyakar kudu da PRC da kuma gabar gabas. Yana da wahala ka ga kwalliyar, saboda sirrinsu ne kuma 'yan kadan ne. Anyi rikodin mutane da yawa a cikin Rasha, kuma ƙasa da 5000 a duniya.
Tsuntsu tsuntsu
Noma a cikin ƙananan Dnieper, a cikin Crimea, a Kamchatka. A can bakin dutsen yana neman yankuna masu dausayi, suna sauka a cikin ciyawar da ruwa ya mamaye, tabkuna, dausayi. Ga irin waɗannan yankuna ne masu farauta ke neman Red Book. Nau'in tururuwa irin na Turkiyya, na abinci, mai daɗi da daraja.
Ginin na shiloklyuvkovy ne. Sunan yana ɓoye fasalin waje na fuka-fukan. Bakin sa siriri ne kuma kaifi ne kamar allura. Hakanan, tsuntsun yana da dogaye da siraran kafafu masu launin sautin ja. Tare da su da baki, nauyin dutsen bai wuce gram 200 ba.
Kurgannik
Ga mai son son zuciya yana da wahala a rarrabe daga gaggafa. Masana ilimin halittar jiki, a gefe guda, sun lura da bulo a cikin labulen, wani launi ja mai wutsiya da fari-dige a fuka-fukan littafin Red. Ana iya ganin na ƙarshen yayin tashin Buzzard.
Af, jirginsa yana rawar jiki. Tsuntsu yana kama da rawar jiki a cikin iska, lokaci-lokaci yana daskarewa. Don haka mai gashin fuka-fuki yana neman ganima a sararin samaniya. A cikin dazuzzuka, Buzzard ya fi son kada ya tashi, yana zaɓar ƙarancin steppes da tundra.
Tsuntsu Avock
Yana da fitowar almubazzaranci. Lilin tsuntsaye baƙi ne kuma fari. Lightarin haske. Baƙi yana tare da lafazi a kai, fuka-fuki da wutsiya. Bakin tsuntsun kuma baki ne, mai kaifi, tare da lanƙwasa mai lankwasa. Saboda haka, ana kiran jinsin awl. Halin halayyar hancin “hanci” ya samu ne da shekaru. Matasan suna da taushi, gajere, madaidaiciya baki.
Yawan nau'ikan suna iyakance ta hanyar saurin zuwa wurin zama. Shiloklyuv yana buƙatar keɓaɓɓun tabkuna masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da kuma tsattsauran ra'ayi. Har ila yau, gabar teku ta dace, amma har ma a buɗe. Ya kamata a sami yashi mai yawa da ƙananan ciyayi. Irin waɗannan wurare da mutane suna son shi. Tsuntsaye ba za su iya jure gasar ba.
Terananan tern
Gabaɗaya Rasha, an ƙidaya mutane 15,000. Hadaddun dalilai sun danne ra'ayi. Da fari dai, ambaliyar na share gidajen tsuntsayen da ke sauka kusa da ruwa, a cikin bankunan. Abu na biyu, ƙananan ƙananan suna kula da tsabtace muhalli, kuma yanayin yanayin yana lalacewa.
Hakanan, tsuntsayen ba sa son kasancewar mutane, kuma a nan akwai taron gawakin da yawon buɗe ido. Suna kallo, misali, a kan tsuntsayen farauta. Terns suna neman abin farauta a cikin ruwa, suna shawagi a kanta kuma suna nitsewa cikin hanzari, gaba ɗaya ɓoye cikin ruwa. Tsuntsaye masu fikafikai sun sake bayyana a farfajiyar a cikin dakika 3-7.
Reed sutora
An rarraba shi azaman mai wucewa. Sutore, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana buƙatar gadaje na reed. Wanda ya fi kauri kuma ya keɓe shi ya fi kyau. Daga cikin su, tsuntsayen santimita 16 masu launin jan-kirji suna da wuyar lura.
Beak mai kauri mai kauri da kuma toka mai toka a kai ya fita waje. Kuna iya saduwa da irin wannan tsuntsu kusa da Ussuriisk. Sutora yana da rajista dindindin a nan, saboda yana haifar da salon rayuwa.
Ya faru cewa yankunan da Red Book suka zaɓa sun sami kansu a cikin yankin atisayen soja. Bom din yana tsokanar gobara, yana lalata ciyawar da tsuntsaye ke so.
Mujiya tsuntsu
Babban wakilin mujiya masu nauyin kilo 4. Littafin Ja ya bambanta da sauran mujiyoyi ta hanyar kasancewar igwa a kan ƙafafunsa da kunnuwan gashin kai a kansa. Tsuntsun ya dace da kowane shimfidar wuri, amma ya fi son bishiyoyi marasa amfani.
Waɗannan sune waɗanda aka sare yayin tsaftace tsabtar daji. Tsarin ya kunshi sare marasa lafiya, konewa da tsofaffin kututturan. Mujiya ba su da wurin zama. Da zarar ya yadu ya zama Jar littafi.
Tsuntsun Bustard
Tsuntsun ya samo sunan ne saboda yadda yake tashi. Kafin tashin, gashin fuka-fukai sun yi kururuwa, fashewa. Idan ba tare da wannan al'ada ba, Littafin Ja ba zai tafi sama ba. Bustard yayi hankali. Tun da babu yadda za a yi a tashi da nutsuwa, sai mai fika-fikai ya yi kokarin kada ya yi wannan kwata-kwata, wanda ke haifar da salon rayuwar kasa.
Anan, launi mai launin shuɗi yana taimakawa dabba ta haɗu da ƙasa da ganye. Idan tsuntsun ya tashi sama, yakan fara kada fikafikansa sau da yawa har ya samu saurin kilomita 80 a awa daya.
Babban kamun kifi
Kuna iya ganin tsuntsayen akan Tsibirin Kuril. Babban yawan ya zauna a Kunashir. Daga cikin yanayin tsibirin, babban kifin masarauta yana tsaye don babban kansa tare da babban tuft da launuka daban-daban. Whiteananan farin tabo a warwatse a kan baƙar fata, kamar tsarin "fis".
A gabaɗaya Kunashir piebald kingfishers an kidaya nau'i-nau'i 20. Yana da wahala a kiyaye su. Tsuntsaye suna tashi suna ganin mutane daga nesa na mita 100. Idan tsuntsayen sun yanke shawara cewa ana bin su, to suna barin gidajensu da kyau.
Caucasian baƙar fata
Ana samun wannan tsuntsun tsaunin a cikin Krasnodar Territory kuma, kamar yadda sunan yake, a cikin Caucasus. A tsayin mita 2000-2200 a saman tekun, tsuntsun ba ya nutsuwa.
Masu farauta suna jiran baƙar fata a wuraren da suka fi so. Tsuntsun yana da makiya na halitta da yawa. Ari da, yawan mutane ya lalace ta hanyar shimfida tituna da hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa ta cikin duwatsu, ƙungiyar makiyaya mai tsayi.
Aljanna Flycatcher
Na na mai wucewa ne, yana tsaye a tsakanin su ta girman girman sa. Tsawon jikin jirgin ya kai santimita 24, kuma nauyinsa ya kai gram 23. Halittar bashi da aljanna saboda launinsa mai launi.
Nonuwan masu farauta fari ne, kuma baya baya ja. Shugaban Littafin Ja baƙi ne tare da kamannin kambin fuka-fukai. Dogayen gashin gashin jela suma abin lura ne. Gwaninta yana birkice kamar mai lanƙwasa.
Kuna iya haɗuwa da jirgin sama a yamma da Primorye. A can, wakilan jinsunan suna zaune cikin dazuzzuka na ambaliyar ruwa, waɗanda aka sare su sosai. Wannan, har da gobara, ana ɗauke da sanadiyar ƙarancin flyan iska. Yayin da masu lura da tsuntsaye ke alhini, kwari na murna. Kamar yadda yake bayyane daga sunan Jar Littafin, yana cin kudaje.
Tsuntsun shaggy nuthatch
Yana zaune a cikin Yankin Primorsky. Tsuntsu yana da kaya. Legsafafu masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi suna taimakawa wajen gudu tare da kututturan, inda ƙwaya ke neman abinci. Kwari ne da tsutsotsi. Kwayar goro tana samun abinci kamar itacen katako, yana murƙushe haushi da baƙin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
A shekarun 1980, an gano nau'ikan nau'ikan goro 20 kawai a Primorye. Ari da, mun sami maza da yawa waɗanda ba su da aure, wanda alama ce ta yawan talakawa. Ba ta gyara matsayinta ba. A cikin sabon littafin Red Book, shararrun goro a shafaffen shafi.
Fagen Peregrine
Daya daga cikin jiragen kasa masu sauri na Rasha an sanya musu sunan wannan tsuntsu. Yana da wasa, amma ba mafi sauri a duniya ba. Tsuntsayen peregrine shi ne mafi sauri a tsakanin tsuntsayen, wanda ke saurin kilomita 322 a awa daya. Don haka yana da wuya a ga har ma a lura da dabba a cikin jirgin. Wani abu ya ruga ya wuce, amma menene? ..
Tsuntsu mai sauri-sauri na falkin ne kuma a hankali yana samun ƙasa a ƙafafunsa. A cikin littafin da aka sabunta na Red Book, peregrine falcon yana nan akan koren shafi. An dawo da nau'in. Wannan "bayanin kula" mai kyau shine kyakkyawan ƙarshen labarin, wanda ke ba da ra'ayi game da bambancin tsuntsayen Rasha da yanayin raunin su.
