Littafin Ja na Rasha ya zama ci gaba da al'adun Soviet na adana bayanan jinsunan da ke cikin hatsari da kuma kiyaye yawan alummarsu. An buga littafin farko na hukuma bayan perestroika a cikin 2001.
A cikin littafin, ba a jera dabbobi kawai ba, har ma ana nuna su a hoto kuma an yi musu alama da wani launi. Don haka, a kan jar shafuka suna rubutu game da waɗanda ke cikin haɗari, kuma kan rawaya game da waɗanda lambobinsu suka fara raguwa. An ajiye koren ganye don jinsin da za'a iya dawo da yawan su.
Baƙar fata alama ce ta dabbobi da suka riga sun ɓace. Farin fenti wakiltar rashin binciken nau'ikan. Don haka an rarraba 259 vertebrates, kifi 139, dabbobi masu rarrafe 21, dabbobi masu shayarwa 65 da amphibians 8. Bari mu ƙara wasu busassun bayanai game da su.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa na littafin Red Book na Rasha
Solongoy Zabaikalsky
Wanda aka zana a ɗayan tsabar kuɗi na jerin "Red Book". Bankin ƙasa na USSR ne ya fara bayar da shi. Yanzu al'adar tana tallafawa ta Bankin Rasha. Weasel Solongoy ya bayyana a kan kuɗin ruble 2 a cikin 2012. Samfurin azurfa ana ɗaukar shi azanci, duk da haka, kamar dabba kanta.
Transbaikalia shine babban mazaunin dabba. Farkon gani akan Zun-Torey. Wannan tabki ne a gabashin yankin. Hakanan ana samunsa a Yakutia, Primorye da Priamurye, suna zaune a yankunan steppe. Anan mai farautar ya fara cin ƙananan beraye.
Maciji da tsuntsaye suma suna cikin abinci. Irin wannan solongoy din "ankashe shi" ta yanayin muhalli. Mazaunin yana taƙuwa, saboda mai farautar yana son tsabta da kaɗaici. Can baya a tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, dabba mai kama da ermine dabba ce ta kasuwanci. Yanzu farautar salmon ana aiwatar da ita ne kawai azaman wuya.
Altai tumakin dutsen
Tana girma ƙahonin da nauyinsu yakai kilogram 35. Girman duka dabba ya kai kusan centners 2. Baya ga kudancin yankin Altai, ana samunsa a Tuva. A can, dabbar ta hau kan duwatsu a tsawan mita 3000 sama da matakin teku. Wannan wurin aminci ne idan akwai haɗari. Yawancin lokaci, tumakin Altai suna ci gaba da kasancewa a tsaunuka. Mata da yara suna rabuwa cikin garken garken. Maza suna rayuwa a cikin ƙungiyar maza.
Gidaje a tsaunuka ba sa ceton tumaki. Mafarauta sun isa can ta jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu. Daya daga cikinsu ya fadi a shekarar 2009. Masifar da aka yi a watan Janairu ta salwantar da rayukan mutane 7 kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa dalilin ziyarar wasu maza 11 zuwa tsaunuka. Mun zo ne don harba raguna.
Amur steppe polecat
Ya cinye mai gidan ya koma gidansa. Daga ra'ayi na ɗan adam, matakan tsalle-tsalle abu ne mai lalata. A cikin duniyar dabbobi, ba a hukunta dabba ba. Ferret din yana ciyar da hamsters, gophers kuma ya zauna a cikin kabarin don kar ya tona nasu. An iyakance su ne don fadada hanyoyin gidajen wasu mutane.
A cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, polecat yana zaune a busassun makiyaya tare da ciyawa. Ana haɓaka su ne don buƙatun noma. Wannan shine dalilin raguwar yawan jinsunan. Ya zama kamar yana iya bunƙasa a yankuna da ke dazuzzuka na Dajin Gabas. Amma ba. Mutum yana kulawa da shuka yankunan da aka bari kuma ya ware su don wuraren kiwo.
Mednovsky shuɗi arctic fox
An dakatar da farauta don shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tsawon shekara 50. An kashe dabbar don ta sami mafi tsada a tsakanin fursunonin kasuwanci na Rasha. A wurin da ake tattare da karnukan Arctic a Tsibirin Mednoye tsakanin Tekun Bering da Tekun Pasifik, an buɗe Rukunin Kwamandan, don haka ya zama ƙarin shinge ga masu farauta.
Yana da wahala a tsira daga yawan dabbobin doki ba tare da barazanar mutum ba. Fiye da rabin samari suna mutuwa yayin koyon farauta. Matasa sun faɗi daga kan duwatsu masu duwatsu. A can suke neman ƙwai tsuntsaye.
Amur damisa
Abubuwan damisa shida sun wanzu a duniya. Da farko, akwai 9. Daga cikin 6 da suka rage, Amur shine mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi ƙarancin arewa. Jawo mafi ƙanƙan da tsawo Hakanan, dutsen Amur ya fi sauran takwarorinsa girma, wanda ke nufin shi ne mafi girman kuliyoyi a duniya.
Wutsiyar mai farautar ita kaɗai ta kai tsawon santimita 115. Katon ma yana kaiwa bears hari, kuma mutum ne kawai yake kai masa hari. Don bin sahun dabbobi masu tamani da dabbobi masu cin abinci, na biyun sun kusan halaka damisa. Factorarin abin matsin lamba a kan mai farautar shi ne raguwa a yankin dazuzzuka mara kyau.
Farin-fushin dolphin
Yana zaune a Arewacin Atlantic. A can, fararen dolphin masu fararen fata suna rayuwa cikin rukunin mutane 6-8. Dabbobi suna cika shekarunsu daga shekara 30-40. Ba kamar yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, fararen dabbobi masu fuskantar fari ba sa rayuwa cikin ƙangi
Saboda haka, yana da wahala a kiyaye yawan mutane a cikin dolphinariums. Ba shi da fa'ida ga ma'abotansu su mallaki dabbobin da za su koyi dabaru na tsawon shekaru 5, da wuya su ba da zuriya su rayu shekaru 20 kawai.
A cikin muhallinsu, kifayen masu fararen fata suna son bin algae kamar kuliyoyi suna bin wutsiyarsu. Kamar kuliyoyi, af, dabbobin Red Book suna iya warkewa. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa duban dan tayi da kifayen dolphin ke fitarwa yana da amfani a jikin mutum.
Hatimin ringi
Suna zaune a Tafkin Ladoga. Dabbar ba ta yin fyaɗe, kamar yadda sunan yake nunawa, amma yana da zoben ringi a kan gashinta. Zagayen da ke kanta sun fi sautin farko haske. Babban launi na hatimin Ladoga launin toka ne. Dabbar ta banbanta da dangin ta wajen karaminta, nauyinta bai wuce kilo 80 ba, kuma galibi kusan 50 ne.
Hatimin Ladoga ya koyi ɗaukar numfashi na mintina 40 sannan ya nitse zuwa zurfin mita 300 har ma da ruwan sanyi. Adana kantinan mai mai ƙanana. Koyaya, su, da fur din da naman dabbar, sun hallaka shi. Wani mutum yana farautar abin da ke sama, tuni ya rage yawan kogin daga 30,000 zuwa mutane 3,000.
Farin-gefe dabbar dolfin
Mafi girman dolphins ba kawai a cikin Tekun Atlantika ba, har ma da duniya baki ɗaya. Yawan na dabbobi masu shayarwa ya kai kilo 230. Ba kamar dabbobin dolphin masu fararen kai ba, dabbobin dolphin masu farin-kai sun taru a rukunin mutane ba 6 ba, amma na mutane 60. Adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi kusan dubu 200 ne. Babu haramcin farauta a Tsibirin Faroe. Kusan dabbobin dolphin da ke yin ƙaura ana kashe su a can kowace shekara.
Polar bear
Duk da yake a cikin sanannen shirin akan TNT sun ce ba za a sami dumamar yanayi ba, ya zo ne a Pole ta Arewa. Kankunan kankara na narkewa, kuma belar belar dole suyi ta ninkaya kasa da kasa a kasa.
Hijirar shekara-shekara na masu kama-karya sun zama gwajin rayuwa. Rasa wadatattun kayan mai a hanya, daskararrun bera suna daskarewa koda kuwa sun isa gabar teku. Saboda yanke kauna, dabbobi na rugawa zuwa kowane irin abinci, har da kananan dabbobi na irinsu.
Ya zuwa yanzu, polar bear ita ce mafi girma a duniya mai jini da jini. Nauyin dabbar ya kai kimanin tan. Wata katuwar jakar polar ta kai kilo 1200. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan beyar na zamani sun riga sun ɓace. Abin sha'awa, fata baƙar fata tana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin farin farin dusar ƙanƙara na beyar arewa. Latterarshen yana tara zafi, kuma ana buƙatar gashin gashi don sake kamannin bangon dusar ƙanƙara.
Belttooth na kwamanda
Wannan whale yana iyo kusa da Kamchatka da Tsibirin Bering, inda aka samo samfurin farko a cikin karni na 19. An kare shi tun 1979. Dabba mai shayarwa ta kai mita 6 a tsayi. Irin wannan babban ruwan yana shawagi cikin keɓewa mai kayatarwa. Hakkokin belin kwamandan sun taru a rukuni-rukuni, bayan sun ga tarin kifin kifin kifi, wanda suke ci da shi.
A waje, belin na kama da babban dolphin. Musamman ma, dabbar tana da tsawa mai tsaho. Koyaya, akwai wasu kifin Whale masu kamanni da fuska, ana kiransu beaked whale.
Babban kofaton doki
Na dangin jemage ne. Hancin-doki-dokin-doki shine dalilin sunan dabba. Ita ce mafi girma a cikin ajinta, ta kai santimita 7 a tsayi. Fuka-fukin fikafikan ya ninka sau 5.
Ba safai ake samun dabba a cikin Rasha ba, saboda tana tsoron tsauraran zafin jiki da yanayin sanyi. Anan, yawancin yara suna mutuwa yayin farkon hunturu. La'akari da cewa burar takalmin doki ta mace ta haifi ɗa 1 ne kawai a lokaci guda, yanayin yana wasa da ba'a mai ban tsoro tare da yawan jama'a.
Babban shrew
Wannan shrew yana zaune a cikin Gabas mai nisa. Daga cikin dangi, wakilan jinsin sune katuwar da ke da tsawon santimita 10. A wasu shrews, matsakaicin mai nuna alama bai wuce santimita 6 ba.
Sirrin katuwar shrews shine kasancewar maza a cikin yawan su. Masana kimiyya suna iya kama mata kawai. Suna kawo zuriya a kai a kai sau ɗaya a shekara, amma wasanni na mating da tsarin tsarin jima'i bai shiga cikin tabarau na kyamarar bidiyo ba.
Shrew din yana ciyar da kwari da tsutsotsi, yana shan nauyinsa sau 3 a kowace rana. Matsakaicin littafin Red Book mai shayarwa, af, daidai yake da gram 14.
Harbor porpoise
Wannan ba alade ba ce ta ƙetaren teku, amma ainihin dabba mai shayarwa. Yana son sanyi. Kamar bera na polar, dumama na fama da matsalar dumamar yanayi. Hakanan, raguwar mutane yana da alaƙa da gurɓatar tekun.
Wakilan jinsin suna son ruwa mai tsabta. Rage yawan mutane da farauta. Aladu marasa fuka-fukai, kamar yadda masanan dabbobi ke kiran su, suna da nama mai ɗanɗano da kuma kitse mai ƙoshin lafiya.
Akwai finfinan triangular a bayan bayan jaka. Mannewa sama da ruwa, yana kama da sharks. Af, dabbar Red Book dabbar dolfin ce. A cikin bauta, yana rayuwa mafi muni fiye da fari-mai fuska, ba ma har zuwa shekaru 4.
Gorbach
Wannan wasan ninkaya ne kusa da Kamchatka. Motsi a cikin ruwa, dabba mai shayarwa ta lanƙwasa bayanta, wacce ta sami sunanta. Hakanan, ana fifita whale ta ratsi mai gudana tare da ciki. A cikin gabaɗaya Atlantika, makarantu 5 na humpbacks kawai aka kidaya. Kowane yawan mutane 4-6 ne. Kowannensu ya kai kimanin tan 35 kuma tsawonsa ya kai kimanin mita 13.
Baya ga ɓawon burodi, humpback yana cin kifi. Whalarsa tana farauta ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙa'idodin ɗan adam. Kifi ya cakude. Idan mutane suka yi hakan ta hanyar fashewar kwasfa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, masun suna aiki da jelarsu. Dabbobi sun buge su cikin garken tumaki. Kifin da ke cikinsu ya yi tururuwa ya faɗi kai tsaye a cikin bakin mai farautar.
Daurian bushiya
Wannan bushiya ba ta da alamar fata a kanta, kuma allurar na girma daidai baya. Bayanin na ƙarshe ya sa mai shayarwa kusan ba ta da wayo ba. Kuna iya goge allurar kamar ulu. Mutane suna yin haka kawai, suna kiwon dabbobin Dauriyan a gida. Foxes, badgers, Wolves, ferrets da karnuka kawai suna cin bushiya.
Babban adadi na mutanen da suke son cin abinci, da kuma sanya yawan jama'a a kan ƙarshen halaka. A Rasha, dabbar tana zaune a cikin yankunan Chita da Amur. Tare da sasantawar yankuna, dole mutum ya mutu ba kawai a cikin haɗarin masu lalata ba, har ma a kan manyan hanyoyi. Motoci suna murƙushe bushiya.
Ussuri sika barewa
Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji da aka haɗu na nau'in Manchu. Waɗannan suna da ban sha'awa a cikin nau'ikan itacen bishiyar tsire-tsire. Tsakanin su, barewa suna zaune lafiya, ba tare da gano alaƙar su ba ko da a lokacin rututu. Maza za su fara yaƙin mata ne kawai a cikin yanayin da ba na al'ada ba, suna ƙarƙashin kulawar ɗan adam.
An saka sunan barewar Sika saboda tana riƙe da launi mai banbanci koda a lokacin hunturu. Saboda wannan, ana bayyane dabbobi a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Yawan mutane na ƙarshe ya lalace a cikin 1941. Tun daga wannan lokacin, barewar jinsunan ba ta rayuwa, amma suna rayuwa. Mutanen Red Book dabba kamar kowane abu: ƙaho, nama, da fata.
Dzeren
Wani dangi na kusa da dabbobi da awaki, yana zaune a yankunan hamada, steppes. Wani lokaci, barewar kan hau dutsen. Masana kiwon dabbobi sun kirga nau'ikan dabbobi 3. Akwai mutane 313,000 duka. Wani ɓangare na yawan mutanen Mongolia ya faɗi akan Rasha. Hakanan akwai gazarin Tibet da wani nau'in Przewalski. A karshen akwai adadin unguloli 1000 kawai.
A cikin siffar Mongolia, mutane 300,000. Koyaya, kaɗan ne daga cikinsu ke zaune a Rasha, kuma dukansu suna zaune ne a cikin Daursky Reserve. Anan ungulates zasu wanzu dindindin. Sauran giran za su iya yawo cikin yankuna na cikin gida, amma su koma Mongolia.
Rawan rawaya
Yana zaune a ƙananan tsaunuka na kudancin Altai, yana tafiya zuwa Kazakhstan. A baya can, da pestle ma zauna tsakiyar Rasha. Yanayin "yayi zafi" a karni na 20. Beraji yana haƙo ramuka har zuwa tsawon santimita 80.
Tsawon dabbar da kansa ya ninka sau 4. Sauran sararin da ke cikin kabarin ya kunshi hanyoyi da kayan abinci tare da kayayyaki. Kwari suna aiki a duk shekara, sabili da haka dabbobi suna buƙatar abinci mai yawa.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, masana kimiyya ba su “tabo” kwaro mai rai ba, sai dai kashinsu a cikin najikan kerkeci, diloli, ungulu da sauran dabbobi masu cin nama. Wannan kadai ya nuna cewa jinsin bai gama bacewa ba.
Jemage mai tricolor
Yana nufin jemage. An samo shi a cikin tsaunukan yankin Krasnodar. Anan jemage ya kai santimita 5.5 a tsayi kuma gram 10 a nauyi. Sunan batirin mai tricolor sunan launi na gashi ne.
Asalinsa duhu ne, tsakiya haske ne, kuma dabbobin suna da launi-bulo. Jemage ya bambanta da sauran jemagu, a hanya guda, a cikin ɗaukar sa da kuma ciyar da yara. Suna watanni 3 a cikin mahaifar da kuma kwanaki 30 a cikin mama.
Rayuwar jemage tana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 15. Koyaya, a zahiri, ƙalilan ne suka tsira zuwa tsufa. Masu cin nama suna lalata kwari, gurɓataccen yanayin ƙasa, sanyi da mutane waɗanda suke ɗaukar jemage a matsayin wani abu mara kyau.
Bison
Wannan ungulate shine mafi girma daga cikin shuke-shuke a cikin Eurasia. Tare da tsawon jiki kusan mita 3, dabbar tana da nauyin kilogram 400-800. Farkon gandun daji na kiwon bishiya a Rasha an kafa shi ne a cikin shekaru 50 na karnin da ya gabata. A ƙarni na 21, bison kusan sun ƙaura zuwa gidan zoo.
A cikin daji, ungulate sun tsira a cikin Caucasus. Anan bison yana kiwo cikin gaggawa, ba tare da samun damar cinye ciyawa ba, saboda masu cin karensu ba babbaka na iya kawo hari. Bayan sun hadiye kilogram na kayan lambu, dabbobin sun ɓuya a wasu ɓatattun kusurwoyi, sun sake maimaita ciyawar kuma sun tauna a da'irar ta biyu.
Katsinan daji na Caucasian
An samo shi a Chechnya, Krasnodar Territory, Adygea. Dabbar tana son bishiyar gandun daji. A karkashin sa, mai farautar yana kama da kyanwa na cikin gida, dan girma da girma fiye da yawancin. Wasu mutane suna karɓar nauyi har zuwa kilo 10.
Kyanwa na Caucasian suna son gandun daji marasa budurwa, amma wani lokacin suna yawo ga mutane, suna zama a cikin ɗakunan rufin gidajen su kuma suna haɗuwa da gashin baki na gida Wannan ya rage ƙarancin yawan jama'a. Daga auratayyan da aka gauraya, ana samun sabon salo, amma Caucasian baya ci gaba.
Manchu zokor
Yana zaune a kan iyakar Yankin Primorsky da PRC. Akwai filin Khanka. Jama'a 4 na rodents suna rayuwa a kanta daban. Lambar tana raguwa saboda kasar noma wacce ake bukata don zokor ya rayu. Yawan jama'a ma "ya gurgunta" ta hanyar ƙananan hayayyafa.
Akwai yara 2-4 kawai a kowace shekara. Yawancin lokaci 1-2 ya tsira. A waje, wata dabba ta dangin hamster sun fi kama da kwayar halitta, kusan a makance, tana sanye da faratan shebur a ƙafafunta na gaba. Wannan saboda yanayin rayuwa ne ta karkashin kasa.
A saman, zokor yana barin tuddai ne kawai na duniya. Yawanci yara sun fito fili. Anan tana da korayen kore. Manya sun fi kwarewa a cikin tsutsotsi da kwari.
Tekun teku
Yana zaune a yankunan bakin teku na Tekun Fasifik, ana sanya su a matsayin mustelids. Ana kiran wakilan nau'ikan jinsunan teku. 3% na jikinsu ana lissafin su da kodan, wadanda suka dace da sarrafa ruwan gishiri. Sabili da haka, otters na teku ba ɓata lokaci don neman tsaftataccen ruwa.
Ba kamar kifi whales da pinnipeds ba, otters na teku ba shi da nama mai narkewa. Wajibi ne don tserewa daga sanyi saboda yawan ulu. Akwai gashi 45,000 a kowace santimita na jikin jikin dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa cewa otters na teku yana da ƙasusuwa masu launi. Suna da launi ta hanyar launin urchins na teku, abincin da aka fi so na otters na teku. An buɗe karafan spter na spter da duwatsu masu kaifi. Idan kun yi imani da ka'idar juyin halitta, otters na teku zai iya daukar kashin kafa da kayayyakin karafa.
Yana ɗaukar lokaci kawai, kuma dabbobi ba su da shi. Adadin otters yana raguwa sosai. Babban fur din dabbobi ba wai kawai yana son su ba. Kari akan haka, otters na teku suna da abokantaka da mutane sosai, basa ganin su a matsayin abokan gaba. Wannan yana sa farauta ta zama da sauƙi.
Kulan
Yana zaune a yammacin Siberia da kudu na Yankin Trans-Baikal. Dabbar na jakunan daji ne kuma tana da alaqa da jakuna. Bayyanar ungulaye ya bambanta dangane da mazaunin. A cikin tsaunuka, tarons sun zama kaya. A kan filayen, dabbobi sun miƙa, suna kama da dawakai fiye da jakuna.
Kulans kwararrun masu gudu ne, suna hanzarta zuwa kilomita 65 a kowace awa, suna kiyaye wannan saurin na kimanin minti 30. Mako guda bayan haihuwa, jakuna suna saurin zuwa kilomita 40 a awa daya.
In ba haka ba, kar ku gudu daga masu farauta. Latterarshen suna iya kama tsoffin mutane da jarirai kawai. Kulas sun kasa tserewa daga mutumin kawai. A cikin daji, an kashe jakuna. Duk sanannun mutane suna zaune a cikin gidan zoo da wuraren kariya.
Red Wolf
Suna da karancin hakora fiye da sauran kerkeci. Suturar dabbar tana kama da fox. Kipling ne ya fara bayyana dabba. Ka tuna littafinsa na Jungle.Koyaya, jan kerkeci yana rayuwa ba wai kawai a cikin kurmi ba, har ma a cikin buɗewar Rasha. A nan, a cikin 2005, an ba da kuɗin azurfa mai tarin yawa tare da hoton Red Book.
Jan kerkeci, a hanya, na iya riskar taron. Mai farautar ya hanzarta zuwa kilomita 58 a cikin awa ɗaya. A lokaci guda, kerkeci suna da damar tsalle mita 6, ba sa jin tsoron ruwa mai kankara. Koyaya, ƙananan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa sun fi ƙarfi da ƙarfi fiye da ja. Ya zama gasa, saboda abin da, mai yiwuwa, kerkeci kerkeci suna mutuwa.
Bighorn tumaki
Rayuwa a cikin Chukotka, ya bambanta da sauran raguna a launi. Masu launin shuɗi-shuɗi da fari fari madadin. Alkawarin dabba fari ne. Akwai daga 3 zuwa 5 irin waɗannan kawunan a cikin garken. Rago babba yana gab da ƙarewa, ba wai kawai saboda harbi ba, har ma da al'adar wuraren "gida".
Littafin Ja baya son barin wuraren kiwo da yake so, koda kuwa mutum ne ya gina su. Can baya a cikin shekarun 1990s, tumakin sun cika, kuma yanzu yana raguwa a hankali.
Damisa mai nisa
Wannan dabbar bazai sha ba. Isasshen danshi daga abinci. Mai farauta yana samun ƙarfi daga gare shi, yana jan abin da yake ganinta zuwa bishiyoyi. Naman yana da lafiya a can. Ta wannan hanyar, Damisa mai nisa zata iya jan gawar sau 3 fiye da wanda ke farauta akan reshe.
Damisa tana bin diddigin bayyanar mutum a yankin ta. Wannan uzuri ne don barin yankin har abada. Don haka dabbobi suna gudana daga aya zuwa aya, ba su sami ƙasashen budurwa ba. Sake haifuwa ya zama mara ma'ana.
Katar Pallas
Wannan kyanwar daji tana kunshe da kunnuwa zagaye tare da gogewar gashi. Wani bambancin shine ɗan zagaye. Saboda shi, idanun kyanwa suna kama da na mutane. Kyanwar Pallas kwatankwacin girmanta da gashin baki na gida, amma faratan dabbar suna da yawa kuma sun fi kauri. Kyanwar Pallas tana zaune a Transbaikalia. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa jinsunan dake Duniya sun riga sun tsufa shekaru 12,000,000. Abin yafi komai lalacewa idan kyanwar daji ta ɓace daga fuskar duniya.
Walrus
Muna magana ne game da ƙananan dabbobin Atlantic. Mai girma da fang, yana da kwanciyar hankali ta ɗabi'a, yana son kwantawa a rana. Don zama cikin rana, walrus na buƙatar jan gawarsa zuwa teku. Dabba mai shayarwa tana jan nauyi tare da hammatarsa, tana tura su cikin kankara, kamar kayan hawa.
Bayan kwanciya a rana tsawon awanni, Jar Littafin ya koma ja. Wannan ba ƙonewa bane, amma sakamakon faɗuwa da jijiyoyin jini ne. Waltus ba sa tsoron hasken ultraviolet, amma malalar mai, gurɓatar ruwan gabar teku da narkewar kankara.
Jafananci dan Japan
Wannan shrew ne daga Primorsky Krai. Dabbar tana da nauyin gram 40 kuma ta kai tsawon santimita 15. Kunkuntar hanci, kananan idanu makafi da kafafu kafafu masu kaifafan fuka-fuka suna ba da kwayar cuta a cikin Littafin Ja.
Yawan jama'arta yana fuskantar barazanar gobara, sasantawar "rabo" wanda aka saba. Idan nau'in ya ɓace, masana kimiyya ba za su taɓa iya yin nazarinsa ba. Ya zuwa yanzu, sanannun abubuwa sananne ne game da Mogers, saboda dabbobin suna motsawa daga ra'ayoyin masanan dabbobi a ɓoye.
Narwhal
Hakanan ana kiransa unicorn. Dabbar "almara" ba ta rayuwa a kan ƙasa, amma a cikin ruwan Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Arctic. Dabba mai shayarwa na cikin haƙun haƙuran haƙuran ne, yana da nauyin tan, kuma tsawon sa ya kai mita 6.
Narwhal yana da haƙori ɗaya, yana fita daga bakin har zuwa yanzu yana kama da ƙaho mai juya, ko pike. Dabbar tana saka ganima akan sa. Yawan mutanen ya ragu zuwa 30,000. An rarraba su tsakanin garken kifin Whale 6-8. Mutane suna kashe su don nama. Daga cikin masu farautar teku, whale masu kashewa da beyar daji suna farautar narwhals.
Rashan Rasha
The desman ya koyi samar da miski kuma ya shafa mai da gashinsa. Don haka furcin desman ya zama mai ruwa, saboda dabba mai shayarwa tana rayuwa kusa da ruwa, yana yin ramuka a bankunan. Yayin da ruwa yake, desman yana samun larvae da algae.
Desman ya mutu ne daga hawan ruwan sanyi, ambaliyar ruwa. Ba tare da tsari ba, Littafin Ja abu ne mai sauƙi na ganima ga dawakai, minks da tsuntsayen ganima. Da yarda, desman yana rayuwa ne kawai tare da masu beavers. Tare da su, Littafin Ja zai iya raba ramuka, motsawa.
Reindeer
Wannan dabbar tana da kofato. A lokacin rani suna da taushi, kamar soso. Wannan yana taimakawa motsawa a cikin ƙasa mai narkewa. A lokacin hunturu, ƙasan kofato ya ƙara matsewa, yana fallasa gefen da ke da wuya. Tare da taimakonta, mai siye ya fado cikin kankara, kamar yawo a kankara.
Wani bambanci tsakanin mai badawa da wasu shine tururuwa. Dukansu maza da mata suna da su. Na farko sun zubar da hulunansu a farkon hunturu. Saboda haka ƙarshe: Santa Claus harnesses reindeer a cikin siririnsa. Suna sa ƙaho kusan har zuwa bazara.
Caucasian otter
Na mallakar mustelids ne, ya kai santimita 70 a tsayi, yana da doguwar wutsiya da tsoka. Yana taimaka wa otter yin iyo. Yana yin wannan dabba da dare. Da rana, dabbar ta fi son yin bacci.
Tsarin rayuwar dangi na otters yana magana game da barazanar ga yawan jama'a. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, sun kasance masu amfani. Tare, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna haɗuwa don tallafawa juna a lokacin wahala.
Zakin teku
Wannan shine mafi girman hatimin kunnuwa. Yana zaune a Kuriles da Tsibirin Kwamanda. Anan gawarwaki, masu tsawon mita 3 kuma masu nauyin kilo 800, sun huta a kan duwatsu, suna farauta, kuma suna yin kiwo. Namiji daya yana hada mata da yawa. Daraja ta faɗi ga mafi ƙarfi. Saboda haka, zakunan teku suna fada don haƙƙin barin zuriya.
Masana kimiyya suna ganin dalilan halakawar zaki na teku 3. Na farko shine ilimin halittu. Na biyu yana kama herring da pollock. Wannan shine abincin da akafi so na Jar Littattafai. Dalili na uku da ke haifar da matsala shi ne kifayen kifi. A baya can, ba a saka zakunan teku a cikin abincinsu ba, amma a ƙarshen karnin yanayin ya canza. Yanzu kifin Whales yana ta kisan dabban Red Book ba tare da tausayi ba.
Damisar Dusar Kankara
Damisa ba tsalle kawai ya yi tsayin mita 6 ba, amma kuma ya samu mita 3 a tsayi. Hakanan an haɗu da mazaunin kuliyoyi tare da tsayi. Sun lulluɓe mita 6,000 a saman teku. Kullum akwai dusar ƙanƙara a nan, tare da abin da farin fur na littafin Red ya haɗu.
A waje, damisa tayi kama da damisa, amma ba ta san yadda ake yin abin ba. Tsarin makogwaron maharbin yana kaiwa. Musamman tsarin ƙafafun. Feetafafun kafa suna kiyaye kuliyoyi cikin zurfin dusar ƙanƙara. Amma damisa ba za ta iya tsayawa “a ruwa ba”, tunda mafarauta suna bukatar gashinta.
Tsuntsaye na Littafin Ja na Rasha
'Yan itacen oatmeal na Yankovsky
Tsuntsaye suna cikin umarnin passerines. Akwai hatsi mai yawa, amma nau'ikan Jankowski suna da alamar launin ruwan kasa a tummy. Waqar waka tana faɗin wani abu kamar "tsik-tsik". Tsuntsu bai yi karatun ta natsu ba wanda hatta kwayayen masana kimiyya ba su bayyana shi ba. Ko dai jinsin an ɓoye shi sosai, ko kuma ba su da yawa kuma suna bukatar kariya.
Tsuntsun Avdotka
Wannan halittar mai dogon kafa kyakkyawar mai gudu ce, mai kiyaye daidaituwa tare da wutsiya 25 cm. Yana lissafin rabin jiki na avdotka. Masana kimiyya basu yarda da asalin ta ba.
Rabin ya rarrabe tsuntsu a matsayin 'yan iska, dayan kuma a matsayin masu nutsuwa. Avdotka yana zaune a cikin hamada. Tsuntsu yana son kasancewa shi kadai. Wannan yana daga cikin kiyayewa. Hankali na avdotka, ta hanyar, shine dalilin mummunan binciken game da nau'ikan.
Bakin baki mai tsini
Wannan lasifikar lasifika ce. Da murya mai daɗi, tsuntsu ya yi nishi, ko ya yi ihu, ko ya yi dariya. Tambarin ya yi daidai da girman dabba. Tsawon jikin loon yana da centimita 70.
Tsawon fikafikan ya fi mita. Nauyin tsuntsayen bai wuce kilogram 3.5 ba. Ta yaya ya dace da girman sa? Kasusuwa masu fukafukai suna da buɗa daga ciki, in ba haka ba, dabbar ba zata iya tashi ba.
Saker Falcon
Tsuntsu daga dangin falcon aboki ne ta ɗabi'a. A tsayi, gashin fuka-fuki ya kai santimita 60, kuma yana da nauyin kilo 1.5. A Rasha, ana samun sa a kudancin Siberia da Transbaikalia. Saker Falcons na iya haɗuwa kawai don haifuwa. Da zaran kajin sun tashi daga gida, sai biyun suka rabu. Swan aminci ba abin tambaya bane.
Kadaici na gashin mutum yana nuna mallakar mutum. Suna da girma kuma ya kamata su zama budurwa. Saker Falcons kawai basu da wadatattun yankuna masu tsabta. Wannan shine babban dalilin raguwar yawan mutane.
Albatross mai tallafi da fari
Albatross ana fassara daga Larabci azaman "mai nutsewa". Tsuntsu yana nutsuwa don kifi. Tsuntsun katuwar girman ne. Wani nau'in jimina mai ruwan sama yana da rawanin rawaya mai launin rawaya da launuka masu launin ruwan kasa akan fikafikan da wutsiya.
Yawan nama mai dadi a ƙarƙashin fuka-fukan ɗayan dalilai ne na wargaza albatross. A karnin da ya gabata, ana harbi mutane 300 kowace rana. Yanzu an hana farauta, amma yawan jama'a ya lalace.
Dogara sanda
Wannan mazaunin marsh mai jin kunya na dangin waders ne. A cikin Rasha, ana samun sa a cikin Yankin Ussuriysk da Kamchatka. Tsuntsu duk dogo ne. Bakin siriri mai kaifi ya fito waje. Da shi, tsuntsun ke kama kananan kifi daga ruwa. Hakanan kafafu masu tsayi da sirara suna taimakawa tafiya kusa da gabar da gudu da sauri. Jikin sandar sandar kuma mai tsayi ne, cikin fararen fata da yalwar beige.
Yana da kyau a harba sandar sanda a lokacin gida. Tsuntsayen suna kiyaye ƙwai da ƙwazo har su tashi zuwa ga mutane masu zuwa. Kai, a nan ne iyayen da ba su yi nasara ba ke fuskantar mutuwa.
Pink pelikan
Tare da girma masu girma, zai iya hawa zuwa mita 3000. Fuka-fukan tsuntsu sun kai kimanin santimita 300. A cikin Rasha, kuna iya ganin tsuntsu kawai a Tafkin Manych. Wannan ɗayan ɗayan raƙuman ruwa ne na Kalmykia. Masana ilimin kasa sun dauki tabkin a matsayin ragowar wani dadadden tekun da ake kira Tethys.
Cikin wata shida, kwankwason yana cin kusan kifi kilo 200. Don haka, a lokacin nest a kan Manych, masu wuce gona da iri suna cikin tsoro a ciki. Sanin ikon pelicans don farauta a cikin rukuni yana da ban tsoro musamman. Wasu tsuntsayen suna tuka abincin wasu, suna kewaye kifin. Yin aiki tare yana taimaka wa tsuntsaye su tsira.
Bustard
Wannan tsuntsayen bashi da glandon gumi, don haka a lokacin zafin rana 'yan baranda suna kwanciya, suna yada fikafikansu suna bude bakinsu. Wannan yana inganta sakin zafi daga jiki. Bustard bai yi sa'a ba tare da shafa fuka-fuki. Ba ta nan. Saboda haka, fuka-fukan tsuntsu sukan jike a cikin ruwan sama da kankara cikin sanyi. A bayyane yake cewa jinsin bai dace da mazaunin ba, shi yasa yake wahala
Duck Mandarin
Wannan agwagwar tana da nauyin gram 500-700 kuma tana rayuwa ne a cikin bishiyoyi. Maza daga cikin jinsunan suna da launuka iri-iri, suna ƙin gunaguni. Hakanan menu na tanjirin yana da ban sha'awa. Tana cin itacen ɓaure tare da kwaɗi. Baya ga ɗabi'ar cin abinci, masana kimiyya ba su fahimci dalilan raguwar mutane ba. Ana kiyaye agwagin Mandarin a wuraren shakatawa amma sun ɓace daga daji.
Sanda
Tsuntsu ya karya bayanai tsakanin masu ruwa a tsayin kafa. Su ma hoda ne. Kuna iya ganin tsuntsaye a cikin daji akan Don, a cikin Transbaikalia da Primorye. A can dutsen ya yi ado zuwa tabkuna masu yatsu. A kan dogayen kafafunta, tsuntsun ya yi nisa cikin ruwayensu, yana kamun kifi a can.
Oƙarin zama mafi tsayi, Littafin Ja ya koya yin tafiya a ƙafa. Sabili da haka, ana iya samun tsuntsu cikin sauƙin ta waƙoƙinsa na musamman a cikin yashi. Wani mutum baya cika harba sandpiper sai ya rage mazaunin sa. Wannan shine babban dalilin raguwar yawan mutane.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe na Red Book of Russia
Lizard Przewalski
Ana samun ƙadangare na centimita goma a kan iyaka da China. A ɓangaren PRC, dabbar ta kowa ce, amma a Rasha ba ta da aure. Dabbar tana tserewa daga abokan gaba ta hanyar binne kanta cikin yashi. Dangane da haka, FMD yana ƙoƙari ya zauna a kan ƙasa mai rairayi, a cikin hamadar hamada da kuma matattara.
Dinnik ta Viper
A wannan nau'in, mata sun fi maza girma, sun kai santimita 55. A gefunan, macijin baƙar fata ne, kuma a saman yana iya zama mai launin lemun tsami, rawaya ko lemu. Kuna iya haɗuwa da macijin Dinnikov a cikin Yankin Stavropol da Krasnodar.
Dabba mai rarrafe ta zaɓi wuraren da ke da duwatsu, suna hawa zuwa mita 3000 sama da matakin teku. Yana da daraja neman maciji a nan da safe ko da yamma. Repan dabbobi masu rarrafe baya jure zafi, yana rarrafe a cikin lokutan sanyin.
Garkuwa mai surutu
An lullube kadangarun da sikeli masu girma iri daban-daban. A kan kai da wuya, su ne, misali, girman kwayar yashi, kuma a jikin mai tsananin girma. Kuna iya ganin su a cikin hamada. Anan ne littafin Red yake zaune. Yana aiki ne da dare ko, kamar macijin Dinnik, a cikin yanayi mai hadari.
Macijin cat
A cikin Rasha, ana samun sa ne kawai a cikin Tekun Caspian. Maciji mai toka tare da tabo mai baƙi a bayansa yana aiki da dare. A wannan lokacin, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna iya rarrafe tare da shimfidu masu haske a tsaye, daji da bishiyoyi, rataye daga rassan. Beraye, kajin, kadangaru sun fada cikin bakin macijin kyanwa. Dabbobi masu rarrafe kanta suna shan wahala daga mutum. Yana kashe nau'ikan tare da macizai.
Ruwan skink na Gabas
An samo shi ne kawai a Tsibirin Kunashir. Anan, dabbobi masu rarrafe sun zauna kusa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi da gishiri. Kadangaru na son dumin su. Lizirin ya kai santimita 18 a tsayi. Dabbar tana da wutsiya mai launin shuɗi mai haske da ratsi mai duhu a gefen.
Anan ne ilimin masanan ke da iyaka. Skinks ba su da yawa a cikin Rasha cewa ba a kafa fasalin kiwo ba. Ko dai an halicci kadangaru da aka riga aka haifa, ko kuma ƙwai ne kawai. Hakanan ba a san ko masu kyan gani suna kulawa da ɗiyansu ba. Subsasashen Amurka, alal misali, suna yin wannan.
Gyurza
Macijin yana da kisa, nasa ne a cikin na macizai. Daga cikin na karshen, gyurza katon kato ne. A Rasha, ana samun Red Book a cikin Transcaucasus. Anan zaku iya rarrabe maciji ba kawai ta girmansa ba, amma kuma ta daidaitaccen sautin launin ruwan kasa.
Lokacin farautar Gyurza baya dogara da lokacin rana da yanayi. Dangane da wurin zama, dabbar ma ta duniya ce, tana faruwa a cikin tsaunuka, da cikin matattakala, da kuma cikin dazuzzuka. Kuna iya shakatawa ne kawai a lokacin hunturu.
A wannan lokacin, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna hawa cikin ramuka kuma basa fitar da hanci. Kasancewa maciji mafi haɗari a Rasha, mutane suna lalata gyurza. Haramtaccen littafin Red Book bai hana su ba. Tsoron rayukansu ya fi ƙarfi.
Ringworms na Littafin Ja na Rasha
Motley Aphrodite
Tsutsa ce ta teku mai jikin oval. Dabba baya da kyau, kuma ciki mai fadi ne. Kuna iya haduwa a cikin Tekun Japan. An samo abubuwan da aka keɓe a nan. Abu ne mai sauki ka lura da tsutsar, ya kai tsawon santimita 13 tsawon kuma 6 a faɗi.
Zheleznyak
Wata babbar halittar kasa ta kai santimita 24 tsayi kuma kauri milimita 10. Dabbar tana cike da ƙasa laka, inda take nitsewa zuwa zurfin mita 34. Orearfe na ƙarfe na iya zuwa yanzu a lokacin rani don neman danshi.
Hawan chaetopterus
Ya kai santimita 15 a tsayi kuma 1.5 a fadi. Jikin tsutsa yana da sassa 3 tare da sassa daban-daban. A Rasha, chaetopterus yana zaune akan Sakhalin, a cikin ƙasa mai yashi. Ya zuwa yanzu, abubuwan da aka samo ba safai ba.
A cikin wurare masu zafi, tsutsa na kowa ne. Don haka ragin dabbobi da yawa a cikin Red Book of Russia dangi ne. Sauran, akasin haka, suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin buɗe sararin cikin gida har ma a nan cikin son sani.
