Firefly kwari. Yanayin Firefly da mazauninsu

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Wanene ya kalli maraice maraice a farkon bayyanar maraice wani haske mai ban al'ajabi da ban mamaki a cikin ciyawa? Duk abin da ke kewaye yana ɗaukar hoto mai ban mamaki. Wasu shuɗar iska mai ban mamaki suna fitowa daga waɗannan mahimman bayanai.

Kullum fatalwa ta wurin hango wani abu mai kyawun gaske. Menene wannan mu'ujizar yanayi? Wannan wani abu ne banda fireflies, wanda aka yi fim din yara masu ban dariya da tatsuniyoyi da yawa.

Kowane mutum ya san game da wannan kwari mai ban mamaki daga ƙuruciya. Firefly a cikin lambun rikice-rikice da sihiri, beckons da jan hankali tare da ƙwarewar da ba a saba gani ba.

Ga tambaya, me yasa ƙuraren wuta suke ƙyalƙyali har yanzu babu tabbataccen amsa. Mafi sau da yawa fiye da ba, masu bincike suna jingina ga fasali ɗaya. Wai, irin wannan abin ban mamaki da ban mamaki mace ke fitarwa kwaro mai kwari, wanda hakan ke kokarin jan hankalin kishiyar jinsi.

An lura da wannan alaƙar soyayya tsakanin jinsunan ƙuraren wuta da haske mai ban al'ajabi a zamanin da, wanda shine dalilin da yasa magabatan suka daɗe suna alakanta haskensu na musamman da kuma hutun Ivan Kupala.

Amma hakika, a cikin kwanakin farko na watan Yuli ne ake lura da wannan kwarin mafi yawanci. A baya can, ana kiran kwari na ivan tsutsotsi. Suna cikin tsari na berayen lambu. Irin wannan kyan ba za a iya lura da shi ko'ina ba.

Amma wa) annan mutanen da suka gan ta a kalla sau ɗaya a rayuwarsu sun ce da farin ciki cewa wannan abin mantawa ne da ban sha'awa. Hoton kwari ba haka ba ne yake isar da duk kyawun su, amma kuma zaka iya kallon sa na dogon lokaci tare da numfashi mai cike da iska. Ba wai kawai kyakkyawa ba ne, amma har ma da soyayya, mai ban sha'awa, mai sihiri, mai daɗi.

Fasali da mazauninsu

A zamanin yau, akwai kusan nau'in 2000 na ƙuraren wuta a cikin yanayi. Bayyanar su ba tare da rubutu ba a cikin rana ba ta wata hanyar da za a iya danganta su da kyawon da ke fitowa daga kumburin gobara da daddare.

Girman kwarin karami ne, suna tsakanin 2 mm zuwa cm 2.5. Ana ganin manyan idanu akan karamin kan nasu. Jikin firefly yana da kunkuntar kuma yana da tsawo. Antenaramin eriyarsu da ke bayyane da wannan yanayin na jiki yakan haifar da mutane da yawa don kwatanta ƙwarin wuta da kyankyasai.

Amma wannan ƙananan ƙananan kamanni ne kawai. Baya ga wannan, kwari ba su da wani abu iri ɗaya. Daban-daban nau'ikan daban-daban sun bunkasa sifofi daban-daban tsakanin maza da mata. Akwai wadanda kusan ba su da bambanci.

Kuma akwai ƙurajen wuta tare da takamaiman bayyananniyar dimorphism. A irin wannan yanayin, maza suna da ainihin kamannin ƙuraje, kuma mata sun fi kama da ƙashin nasu.

Akwai fukafukai masu fikafikai wadanda suke da kyau a tashi, kuma akwai mata masu kama da tsutsotsi wadanda suka fi son motsawa kadan. A launi fireflies kwari mamaye baki, launin toka, launuka masu launin ruwan kasa.

Babban fasalin fireflies shine kwayar halittar su ta haske. A kusan dukkanin nau'ikan su, ana lura da wurin da waɗannan "na'urori" masu haske suke a ƙarshen ciki. Hakanan akwai wasu ƙurar wuta waɗanda "fitilun" suna walƙiya a jikinsu.

Duk waɗannan jikin suna da ƙa'idar wutar lantarki. Tare da taimakon ƙungiyoyin phytocide, waɗanda suke kusa da trochea da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, ana ba da haske zuwa babban "fitilar" akan ƙwarin.

Kowane irin wannan kwayar tana da irin nata mai wanda ake kira luciferin. Duk wannan hadadden tsarin zafin wutar yana aiki da numfashin kwaron. Lokacin da yake shakar iska, iska tana motsawa ta hanyar trachea zuwa gabar kwayar haske.

A can, luciferin yana da iskar shaka, wanda ke sakin kuzari da ba da haske. An tsara phytocides na kwari da tunani da wayo wanda basu ma cin kuzari. Kodayake bai kamata su damu da wannan ba, saboda wannan tsarin yana aiki tare da himma mai ƙwazo da inganci.

CCA na waɗannan kwari daidai yake da 98%. Wannan yana nufin cewa kashi 2% kacal za a iya ɓata a banza. Don kwatankwacin, abubuwan kirkirar fasahar mutum suna da CCD na 60 zuwa 90%.

Nasara a kan duhu. Wannan ba shine nasarar su ta ƙarshe ba kuma mai muhimmanci. Sun san yadda ake sarrafa "tocilar" ba tare da wahala mai yawa ba. Wasu daga cikinsu kawai ba'a basu ikon tsara yadda hasken yake shigowa ba.

Duk sauran suna iya canza matsayin haske, sa'annan masu ƙwanƙwasawa, sa'annan su kashe "kwararan fitilar" su. Wannan ba wasa bane mai sauƙi na ƙyalli ga kwari. Tare da taimakon irin waɗannan ayyukan, suna bambanta kansu da wasu. Fireflies da ke zaune a cikin Malesiya cikakke ne musamman a wannan batun.

Haskensu da dullin haske yana faruwa daidai. A cikin dajin dare, wannan daidaituwa yana ɓatarwa. Kamar dai wani ya rataye abin adon idi.

Ya kamata a lura cewa ba duk ƙurar wuta take da wannan ikon mai ban mamaki na haskakawa da dare ba. Daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda suka fi son yin rayuwar yau da kullun. Ba sa yin haske kwata-kwata, ko kuma ana ganin haskensu a cikin dazukan daji da yawa da kogo.

Fireflies suna yaduwa a arewacin arewacin duniya. Yankin Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia shine mazauninsu da suka fi so. Suna da kwanciyar hankali a cikin dazuzzuka, da ciyayi da fadama.

Hali da salon rayuwa

Wannan ba kwari ne na gama gari ba, amma duk da haka, galibi yakan tara shi a cikin manyan gungu. Da rana, ana lura da zaman su akan ciyawa. Zuwan magariba yana ba kudaren tashi don motsawa da tashi.

Suna tashi cikin nutsuwa, auna da sauri a lokaci guda. Ba za a iya kiran larvae na Firefly mai natsuwa ba. Sun fi son yin rayuwar yawo. Ba su da kwanciyar hankali ba kawai a ƙasa ba, har ma a cikin ruwa.

Fireflies suna son dumi. A lokacin hunturu, kwari sukan ɓuya a ƙarƙashin baƙin itace. Kuma da zuwan bazara da bayan abinci mai kyau, suna pupate. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wasu mata, ban da duk fa'idodin da ke sama, suma suna da wayo.

Sun san irin hasken da wani jinsin zai iya haskawa da shi. Sun fara haske suma. A dabi'ance, wani jinsi daga wannan jinsin yana lura da wayewar kai da kuma hanyoyin saduwa.

Amma baƙon baƙon da ya lura da kamun ba a ba shi damar ɓoyewa. Mace takan cinye ta, yayin karɓar isasshen adadin abubuwa masu amfani ga rayuwarta da kuma ci gaban larvae. Har yanzu, ba a fahimta da ƙuraren wuta sosai ba. Har yanzu akwai sauran binciken kimiyya da yawa a gaba game da wannan.

Gina Jiki

Wadannan kwari za a iya danganta su da aminci ga masu cin su. Fireflies suna ciyarwa mafi bambancin abincin dabbobi. Suna son tururuwa, gizo-gizo, larvae na takwarorinsu, katantanwa da rubabbun shuke-shuke.

Ba duk ƙuraren wuta suke farauta ba. Daga cikin su kuma akwai jinsunan da suka fi son pollen da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Nau'in faranti a cikin yanayin imago, misali, basa cin komai kwata-kwata, basu da baki kwata-kwata. Waɗannan kuɗaɗen wutar da ke yaudarar wakilan waɗansu jinsin halittu da kansu nan da nan kuma suka cinye su sun zaɓi hanya mafi wahala don samun abinci.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Twinkling fireflies - wannan shine babbar nasarar su. Ba wai kawai suna jan hankalin abinci mai yuwuwa ba ta wannan hanyar, amma kuma suna jawo hankalin kishiyar jinsi. Mafi yawan wannan ana kiyaye su a farkon lokacin bazara. Fireflies suna haskaka walƙiyarsu ta soyayya kuma suna neman abokin tarayyarsu a cikin ɗumbin kwari.

Maimaitawa ba ya ɗaukar lokaci. Bayanta, mace na da aikin sanya ƙwai a ƙasa. Bayan ɗan lokaci, larvae ya bayyana daga ƙwai. Sun fi kama da tsutsotsi kuma suna da yawan kuzari. Ikon haskakawa asalin halitta ce a cikin kowane irin larvae. Kuma dukansu mahimmancin masu farauta ne.

Yayin balaga, tsutsa ta fi son ɓoyewa tsakanin duwatsu, a cikin ƙasa da tsakanin haushi. Ci gaban larva yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa. Wasu na buƙatar overwinter, yayin da wasu suna a cikin larval mataki na shekaru da yawa.

Tsutsa daga nan sai ta rikide ta zama pupa, wanda ya zama ainihin ƙurar wuta bayan makonni 1-2.5. Firefly a cikin gandun daji baya rayuwa tsawon lokaci. Matsakaicin rayuwar wadannan kwari kusan kwana 90 - 120 ne.

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Kalli bidiyon: Firefly (Nuwamba 2024).