Wata karamar dabba mai haushi, kowane lokaci kuma kamar yana fitowa daga ciyawar ciyawa, sannan kuma ya sake ɓacewa acikin su, wannan shine - dabbar dabbar ƙasa.
Hoto na kurarren ƙwarya-ƙwarya yana da matukar wahala ayi ta karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, tunda dabbar bata cikin wuri daya na minti daya. Koda lokacin da gopher yayi '' shawagi '' a kan ciyawar, hancin sa, gaba daya bakin bakin sa yana motsi, kuma jiki yana cikin wani yanayi mai wahala.
Bugu da ƙari, dabbobin sukan ɓace a dai-dai lokacin da mai ɗaukar hoto ya danna ƙofar. Saboda haka, yawancin hotunan gophers a cikin yanayi ana samun su kai tsaye, ba tare da sa hannun mutum ba.
Fasali da wurin zama na squirrel ƙasa mai dusar ƙanƙara
Wannan dabbar tana daya daga cikin mafi kankantar kasa, tsawon jikinsa mai sanyin jiki ya kai 18-25 cm kawai, kuma nauyinsa ba safai yake kaiwa rabin kilogram ba. Bayan gaskiyar cewa dabbar da gaske karama ce, kuma gajarta ce. Wutsiyar gofer ba ta taɓa wuce kwata kwata tsawon jikinta ba, a matsayinka na mai mulki, matsakaicin tsawon jelar daga 3 zuwa 5 cm.
Mazajen gwanayen ƙasa sun fi mata girma da haske. A kantin sayar da littattafai hotunan mai kwalliyar gofer galibi ana nuna su ta hanyoyi daban-daban, sannan haske, sannan jajayen gashi, to mai launin ruwan goro, galibi zane-zanen ba su da wani bayani game da launuka daban-daban kuma, gabaɗaya, bayyanar ta daban.
Gaskiyar ita ce, mazaunin dabbar tana da girma sosai, kuma launi na gashin sa, da ƙananan nuances na waje, kai tsaye sun dogara da inda wani gofer yake zaune.
Misali, mai ƙyalƙyali gopher a Belarus yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin fari da mur, da kuma jiki da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi.
Dabba ɗaya a cikin takaddar Pridonya ta riga ta fawn, tare da tabarau masu duhu, ƙasa mai kauri zagaye da ƙananan kafadu, jiki yana kama da pear, yayin da ƙafafun baya suka fi na gaba.
Dangane da haka, wasu nuances na bayyana da bambancin launin launi na dabbobi kai tsaye sun dogara da ainihin inda suke rayuwa. A tarihi, mazauninsu duk na Turai ne daga mafi arewa zuwa mafi ƙanƙancin karkara, musamman ma yawancin guguwar ƙasa sun taɓa kasancewa a yankin daga Danube zuwa bankunan Volga.
Gophers sun fi son zama a cikin tsaunuka, tudun daji, da ciyawa, da filaye. Yawancin waɗannan dabbobin sun taɓa kasancewa a tsaunukan "ƙasar budurwa". Gwanin stepes ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa gophers sun ja da baya kuma sun zauna a gefen hanyoyin ƙasar, a cikin belin gandun daji, tare da gangaren busassun duwatsu da gullies, a cikin lambun "watsi", gonakin inabin daji, kuma, ba shakka, kusa da filayen tare da hatsi.
Migrationaura kan tilas ya haifar da raguwar waɗannan dabbobin sosai, adadin ya ragu sosai da har aka san su a matsayin jinsin da ke dab da bacewa, kuma a tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata dabbar daɗaɗɗen ƙasa squirrel buga shafuka Ja littattafai kuma sun sami matsayin "kariya".
Yanayi da salon rayuwar mai gola
Gophers dabbobi ne masu matukar jin daɗin rayuwa tare da haɓaka halayen tattara abubuwa. Sun zauna a cikin manyan yankuna, idan yankin ya ba da izini, to babu yawa, idan akwai ƙaramin fili, mai yawa sosai.
Rassan reshe da girman burkin, wanda kowace dabba baliga tana da nata, kuma ya dogara da kasancewar sarari. Gophers suna haƙa ramuka sosai da ban sha'awa. Kowace dabba tana gina wa kanta gida na dindindin kuma, ban da shi, da yawa yana yaudarar burukan-wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci.
Gidan gaske na dindindin yana da ƙofa ɗaya kawai, rassa da yawa, rassa yana ƙare a “ɗakuna” don adana haja, “ɗakunan” insulated wanda gofer yake zaune kai tsaye - yana da zurfin 40 zuwa 130 cm, kuma ya dogara da farko sauyin yanayi - lokacin sanyi, zurfin zurfin rami.
Burukan kariya na ɗan lokaci sun sha bamban, ba su da sassan bacci da wuraren adanawa, amma suna da hanyoyi da yawa. Kurangiyoyin kasa suna gano su kusa da wuraren da suke samun abinci. Dukkanin mazaunan dabbobi suna amfani da waɗannan gine-ginen, ba tare da la'akari da wanda ya haƙa su daidai ba.
Masana ilmin dabbobi sun kasance suna jayayya sosai tsawon shekaru ba tare da cimma matsaya ba game da ko akwai tsarin zamantakewar al'umma da tsari a cikin yankunan waɗannan dabbobi.
Koyaya, duk da cewa masana kimiyya basa iya amsa wannan tambayar, a yanayi akwai gophers da ke zaune shi kaɗai. Ko an kore su daga mulkin mallaka, ko kuma suna ba da izinin son rai - ba a sani ba, kawai an san cewa akwai irin waɗannan dabbobi.
Gophers suna zama marasa ƙarfi, na dindindin a wuri ɗaya, ba tare da yin ƙaura ba saboda abinci. Idan babu abinci, gophers suna neman shi ko'ina cikin gundumar kuma su kawo abin da suka samu cikin rami.
Hijirar dabbobi na iya tilastawa ne kawai ta hanyar kawar da wuraren zama da kuma barazanar rayuwa, wanda ya faru a lokacin da ake huɗar ƙasashen budurwa, har zuwa 1980. Dabbobin suna aiki da rana, daga safiya zuwa maraice, amma a yanayi mai kyau kawai. Idan ruwan sama ya yi, gopher ba zai bar “gidansa” a kowane irin yanayi ba.
Halin gofer yana kama da halayen danginsa na nesa, kurege. Bambanci kawai shi ne cewa wannan dabba ba ta da aminci sosai dangane da mutum.
Sauran gophers da squirrels suna kamanceceniya - suna son "dakunan kwanan su", koyaushe suna dumama su, suna zamanantar dasu harma suna gyara su. Suna son ɓoyewa a wani wuri kuma suna kallon abin da ke faruwa a kusa, suna ɗebo tsaba daga mazugi ko tsaba daga kayan kwalliya.
Ba sa zama cikin dangi, suna saduwa da abokin tarayya, amma ba raba rami ɗaya tare da shi ba kuma ba sa rayuwa ɗaya. A hankali suna rarrabe hannayen jarinsu suna lura da ingancin abincin da suke ɓoye lokacin hunturu.
Har zuwa kwanan nan, an yi imanin cewa dabbare-dabbare masu shaye-shaye ba sa cin abinci a lokacin sanyi, amma ana yin hannayen jari idan akwai mummunan yanayi ko kuma a hankali. Amma a kwanan nan, tare da taimakon abubuwan lura da fasaha na wani yanki na dabbobi a cikin yankin Rostov (Don), an gano abubuwan da suka karyata kwatancin da ya gabata, wadanda masana halitta suka tsara a karnin da ya gabata.
Speckled fluffy dabbobi hibernate, amma basa bacci kullum. Farkawa, gopher yayi yawo a cikin mink, ya duba mashigar, idan akwai narkewa a farfajiyar, zai iya fita don ɗan gajeren tafiya, bayan haka ya ci abinci ya sake yin bacci.
Koyaya, arewa mafi nisa da canjin yanayi kuma mafi sanyi lokacin sanyi, ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali. A cikin yankuna masu tsananin sanyi, gophers basa farkawa, bacci yana farawa daga kusan watan Satumba zuwa Maris, gaba ɗaya, gofer na iya yin bacci daga watanni 6 zuwa 7.
A wannan lokacin, nauyinsa ya ragu da rabi, kuma wani lokacin, tare da irin wannan dogon tashin hankali, dabbar kawai tana mutuwa. Dabbobin suna barci yayin da suke zaune, sun sunkuya, suna ɓoye kawunansu a cikin ciki suna rufe hanci da jelarsu.
Specled ƙasa kurege ciyar
Bayanin dusar ƙanƙara ba zai cika ba tare da ambaton abincinsa. Wannan maras nama mai cin ganyayyaki ya haɗa da sunaye sama da hamsin.
A lokaci guda, launuka masu launi launuka masu kyau shine mai sukar lamiri. A cikin kwandon gophers, alal misali, busassun furannin furanni, waɗanda aka raba ta iri iri, ana ajiye su daban, tushen, tushe, hatsi, berries, ana kuma adana tsaba daban.
Gophers da ke zaune a ƙasan Don na adana applea applean apple, suna cin apple ɗin kanta, ba tare da sun bushe ta ba, amma a cikin tsaunukan Mosko, dabbobin suna yin lamuran cikin gidajen rani suna shimfida daillan dill, pa rootsan faski har ma da karas daidai da irin.
Mafi kyawun abincin dabbobi da tushen abincin su shine:
- alkama;
- hatsin rai;
- sha'ir;
- hatsi;
- fescue;
- ciyawar fuka-fukai;
- yarrow;
- albasa;
- mint;
- dandelion;
- hatsin daji.
Kusa da dasa shukar masara, masu kuran ƙasa suna nuna cikakkiyar ƙaunarta, suna fifita cobs akan duk sauran abinci kuma suna nuna ainihin al'ajabin acrobatic lokacin da aka kama su.
Kodayake gophers da masu cin ganyayyaki, wasu daga cikinsu ba su damu da cin naman ƙwari ba. Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, dabbobin da ke zaune a wajen mulkin mallaka sun fi son cin furotin. Akwai zato cewa cin abincin abinci ne ya sa suka kaɗaita.
Koyaya, abin da ya sa aka gabatar da wannan rubutun shine gaskiyar cewa dabbobi suna yawan cin offspringa offspringan su, kuma ba wai kawai a lokacin haihuwa ba, har ma suna da necrophagia - ma'ana, suna cin dangin su waɗanda suka makale ko rauni. Amma, a lokaci guda, ba su taɓa waɗanda ba su iya farka ba bayan hunturu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Dabbobi suna yin abokai a cikin rami, maza suna zuwa ziyartar mata. Wannan aikin yana farawa makonni 1-2 bayan farkawa daga mulkin mallaka. Ciki yana dauke da kimanin wata daya, bayan haka kuma an haifi jarirai 6 zuwa 10, wadanda suka shiga cikin girma a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, a karshen watan Yuni - farkon Yuli.
Gophers suna rayuwa kaɗan, daga shekaru 4 zuwa 5, da yawa basu tsira da hunturu na farko a rayuwarsu ba. Koyaya, musamman abubuwa masu ban sha'awa menene dabbar daɗaɗɗen ƙasa squirrel a cikin gidan zoo ba safai zai iya rayuwa ba har zuwa shekaru 6-8, kuma matasan da ke da wasu nau'o'in guguwar ƙasa da ke cikin bauta suna rayuwa har abada.
