Irukandji jellyfish. Irukandji jellyfish salon rayuwa da mazauninsu

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Yawancin mazauna cikin zurfin zurfin teku suna da babbar barazana ga rayuwar ɗan adam. Yawancin kifin jellyfish suna samar da abubuwa masu guba waɗanda, da zarar sun shiga tsarin jijiyoyin ɗan adam, suna haifar da wasu alamomi marasa kyau da haɗari. Jellyfish irukandji daya daga mafi karami kuma mafi yawan guba mazaunan karkashin ruwa.

Bayani da fasalolin kifin jellyfish na Irukandji

Irungiyar irukandji na invertebrates sun haɗa da nau'in 10 na jellyfish, kuma kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na su na da ikon samar da mafi guba mai guba.

Bayanan farko game da rayuwar ruwan teku an tattara su ne a 1952 ta hanyar masanin G. Flecker. Ya ba da sunan ga jellyfish "irukandji", A cikin girmamawa ga kabilar da ke zaune a Ostiraliya.

Mafi yawan 'yan kabilar sun kasance masunta wadanda suka kamu da cutuka masu tsanani bayan kamun kifi. Wannan gaskiyar ce ta ba da sha'awar masanin, bayan haka ya fara gudanar da bincikensa.

Ya ci gaba da bincikensa a cikin 1964 na Jack Barnes. Likitan ya gwada karatunsa dalla-dalla game da duk illar da cizon jellyfish ya kama: ya kama wani ɓoye kuma ya soki kansa da wasu mutane biyu da shi, bayan an kai su asibiti, inda suka rubuta duk cututtukan daga guba da ke shiga cikin jikin mutum.

Gwajin ya kusan zuwa ƙarshen bakin ciki, amma an yi sa'a an kauce masa. Don girmama ɗayan waɗanda suka gano Barnes, ana kiran jellyfish Carukia barnesi. A hoto Irukandji ba shi da bambanci da sauran nau'ikan jellyfish, amma wannan ba gaskiya ba ne.

Kifin jellyfish ya ƙunshi kitsen jiki, idanu, kwakwalwa, bakin, tanti. Girman irukandji yana canzawa a cikin kewayon 12-25 mm (kuma wannan shine girman farantin ƙusa na babban yatsan manya).

A cikin ƙananan lamura, girman mutum na iya zama 30 mm. Verunƙarar baya tana motsi da sauri na 4 km / h ta hanzarta rage dome. Siffar jikin jellyfish tana kama da laima ko dome na farin fari.

Bakin rai mai guba ya kunshi furotin da gishiri. Yana da tanti guda huɗu, tsayinsa yana iya kaiwa daga milimita biyu zuwa 1 m. irukandji an rufe su da ƙwayoyin raƙuman ruwa, waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da wani abu mai guba.

Gabobin jiki na iya ɓoye guba koda kuwa sun rabu da jikin jellyfish. Duk da kankantar girman dafin irukandji sau ɗari fiye da guba fiye da dafin maciji.

Haɗarin jellyfish mai haɗari kusan ba zafi: an saki guba daga ƙarshen tanti - wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga jinkirin aikinsa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba a jin cizon.

Mintuna 20 bayan dafin ya shiga cikin jiki, mutum ya gamu da matsanancin ciwo a baya, kai, ciki, tsokoki, ban da haka akwai tashin zuciya mai tsanani, damuwa, gumi, saurin bugun zuciya, hawan jini ya hau, huhu ya kumbura.

Ciwo da ya tashi na iya zama mai tsananin gaske har ma masu kashe maganin narkodin ba sa iya dakatar da su. A wasu lokuta, saboda irin wannan matsanancin ciwo wanda baya lafawa a duk rana, mutum ya mutu.

Saitin alamun bayyanar bayan cizon jellyfish ana kiran sa Ciwon Irukandji... Babu maganin wannan guba, kuma menene sakamakon haduwa da wata karamar halitta mai hadari zai kasance ya ta'allaka ne akan iyawar mutum na tsarin jijiyoyin mutum ya jure matsi.

Irukandji salon rayuwa da mazauninsu

Kifin jellyf yana rayuwa a zurfin 10 zuwa 20 m, amma kuma galibi ana samunsa a gaɓar bakin teku. Saboda gaskiyar cewa irukandji yana rayuwa cikin zurfin zurfin zurfi, mutanen da suke cikin ruwa suna cikin haɗarin gamuwa da shi.

Masu hutu suma suna faɗawa cikin ƙungiyar haɗari a waɗannan lokutan lokacin da jellyfish ya matsa kusa da gabar teku. An girka allon adadi mai yawa a rairayin bakin Ostiraliya tare da cikakken bayani game da su irukandjidon faɗakar da jama'a game da haɗarin da ke tattare da shi: tarun, waɗanda aka girka a cikin ruwa a wuraren wanka, an tsara su ne don manya da ke cikin ruwan (alal misali, zancen teku) kuma a sauƙaƙe bari ƙananan jellyfish su wuce.

Irukandji yana haifar da rayuwa mai nutsuwa: mafi yawan yini tana malalewa ta hanyoyin ruwan karkashin ruwa. Da farkon duhu, invertebrates fara neman abinci.

Kifin jellyf yana kan zurfin daidai saboda iyawarsa don rarrabe tsakanin haske da inuwar ruwa mai duhu. Ganin ta a matakin karatu, saboda haka, a ka'ida ne kawai za'a iya yanke hukunci kan ainihin abin da halittar ta gani.

Irukandji jellyfish yana zaune a cikin ruwan da ke wanzar da nahiyar ta Australiya: waɗannan galibin su ne ruwaye kusa da arewacin arewacin babban yankin, da kuma ruwaye da ke kusa da Babban shingen Reef. Saboda dumamar yanayi, ta dan fadada mazauninta: akwai bayanan cewa ana samun sa a kusa da gabar Japan da Amurka.

Abinci

Irukandji yana cin abinci kamar haka: nematocysts (ƙwayoyin sel) waɗanda suke ko'ina cikin jikin invertebrate suna sanye da matakai waɗanda suke kama da harpoons.

Harpoon ya faɗo cikin jikin plankton, sau da yawa sau da yawa a jikin ƙaramin kifin soya, kuma ya sanya guba. Bayan haka, jellyfish yana jan hankalinsa zuwa ramin baka kuma yana fara cin abincin ganimar.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na irukandji

Tunda ilmin halitta jellyfish irukandji ba a karance su sosai ba, akwai zaton cewa sun hayayyafa kamar yadda ake yi wa jellyfish na cuboid. Jinsi na jinsi da jinsi ne na daidaikun maza da mata, bayan haka hadi yana faruwa a cikin ruwa.

Eggwan da aka haɗu ya ɗauki sifar tsutsa ya yi iyo cikin ruwa na tsawon kwanaki, bayan haka sai ya nitse zuwa ƙasa kuma ya zama polyp wanda ke da ikon motsawa. Bayan wani lokaci, ƙananan invertebrates sun bambanta da kafa polyp. Ba a san ainihin tsawon rayuwar jellyfish ba.

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Kalli bidiyon: Deadly Jelly Wrestling (Nuwamba 2024).