Finwhal Shine ɗayan manyan dabbobi a duniya. Wannan haƙiƙa ce mai saurin ɗaukakawa wacce a wasu lokuta ke iyo zuwa jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi ko jiragen ruwan yawon buɗe ido. Finwhals na musamman ne a tsarin zamantakewar su da yanayin rayuwar su.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: walarshe
Finwal kifayen kifi ne, wanda kuma ake kira da minke ko herring whale. Finwhal na dangin minke ne kuma shine mafi kusancin dangi mafi girma a duniya - shuɗin whale. Fifar whale kanta tana matsayi na biyu a cikin girman girman dabbobi.
Umurnin minke whales ya hada da baleen whales masu girma dabam, suna zaune a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Iyalin sun hada da manyan zuriya biyu da nau'ikan 8-9. Akwai muhawara tsakanin masana kimiyya kan rabe-raben jinsuna, tunda wasu jinsin suna iya haduwa da juna, don haka yana da wahala a danganta su musamman ga jinsin daya.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- kifi whale;
- minke whale;
- minke ta kudu;
- ajiye;
- Amarya ta minke;
- Whale na Eden;
- shuɗin whale;
- Minura ta Omura wani sabon nau'in ne, wanda aka gano kawai a cikin 2003. Yana cikin matsayi mai rikitarwa;
- kifi whale
Whales masu raɗaɗɗuwa suna da yawa kuma suna da yawa aƙalla nau'ikan waɗannan dabbobin biyar suna zaune a Rasha kawai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Finwhal na iya haɓaka tare da yawancin nau'ikan minke. Suna haifar da zuriya waɗanda suma suna iya haifuwa.
Whales masu raɗaɗi suna ɗayan mafi kyawun wayo da kuma ban mamaki halittu a duniya. Saboda girmansu da salon rayuwa mai zurfin teku, Whale suna da matukar wahalar karatu a mazauninsu, don haka duk binciken kwayoyin anyi akan matattun kifayen.
Masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙari don nazarin kwakwalwar waɗannan dabbobi, tun da tsarin zamantakewar su, tsarin sadarwar su da halayen su ga mutane lamari ne mai ban mamaki a cikin daji. Whale da aka yi wa raɗaɗi ba su da zalunci ga mutane ko kaɗan, amma suna nuna sha'awar su kamar su kansu. Akwai ka’idar tsakanin masana kimiyya cewa tunanin taguwar ruwa bai fi na mutum ba.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya kifin whale yake kama
Wwararrun finafinan Whale da ke zaune a Arewacin da Kudancin Yankin sun ɗan bambanta da girman juna. Don haka, kifin whales a Arewacin duniya yana da tsayin mita 18 zuwa 25. Kifin Whale na kudu sun fi girma - daga mita 20 zuwa 30 a tsayi. Abin lura ne cewa kifin whale na mata sun fi na maza girma - suna da alama sun fi tsayi, amma nauyinsu bai bambanta da na maza ba. Irin wannan dimorphism din har yanzu abin sirri ne, amma masana kimiyya suna ba da shawarar cewa ta wata hanya tana da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke tattare da juna a cikin kifayen da haihuwarsu.
Bidiyo: walarshe
Kifin Whales ya kai kimanin tan 40-70. Duk da cewa finafinan Whale sun yi kusan tsawo kamar yadda kifayen shudayen shudaye (kuma wani lokacin mutane suka fi su girma da yawa), amma suna da nauyi sosai. Whale na ƙare sun fi whales shuɗi haske da siriri, saboda haka sun fi ƙarfin motsi. Wannan yanayin jikin yana ba wa kifin whale damar zurfafawa fiye da shuɗin whales.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Finwhale kuma ya sha gaban "dogayen kifayen ruwa" - kwayayen kifayen whales da baka masu tsayi a tsayi, amma kuma ba su da nauyi.
Launin finafinan Whales yayi kama da launi na kamun kifi na kifin herring, amma kifayen ba sa buƙatar sake kamannin kansu. Bayayyakinsu da saman kawunansu duhu ne mai duhu ko kuma launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wanda yayi kama da baƙar fata cikin ruwa. Sashin ciki na fikafi, ƙananan muƙamuƙi, baya, da ɓangaren ciki na wutsiya suna da launi fari ko kuma launin toka mai haske.
Whales na Fin sun bambanta da sauran nau'ikan finwhales masu launuka masu launuka masu banƙyama a ɓangaren gaban jiki. Jawananan muƙamuƙin na Whale fari ne a gefen dama, amma duhu ne a hagu. Whalebone, “hakora” masu taushi na whale, ta inda suke wuce abinci, launuka iri ɗaya ne. Kuma bakin da harshen whale suna da launi a wata hanyar zagaye - gefen dama yana da duhu, hagu kuma haske ne. Wannan launi mai ban al'ajabi an danganta shi ne ga maye gurbi wanda ya sami nasarar samo asali cikin kifayen kifayen kifi a yayin juyin halitta. Muƙamuƙin yana cike da ɗumbin maɓuɓɓuka masu motsi waɗanda suka faɗaɗa zuwa tsakiyar ciki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: wwararrun ƙifayen teku suna da maɓallin ciki.
Whales na ƙwarai ba safai suke bin polyps, kadoji da sauran dabbobin parasitic da aka samo akan shuɗun whales ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda babban motsi na kifin whales - suna da sauri da sauri, saboda haka ba shi da sauƙi ga ƙwayoyin cuta su rayu a kan wannan yanayi mai motsi.
A ina whale fin yake rayuwa?
Photo: Kitaramar kifin whale
Fin Whales sun kasu kashi biyu, waɗanda suka bambanta da juna ba kawai a cikin girma ba. Peasashe suna rayuwa a cikin Poles ta Arewa da ta Kudu, bi da bi, kuma basa taɓa haɗuwa da juna.
Yana:
- Arewacin Atlantika (arewacin) kifin whale yana rayuwa kusan a cikin Tekun Duniya, ba wai yin iyo kawai a cikin ruwan dumi ba. Yana jagorancin rayuwar ƙasan, yana yin sama don kawai numfashi;
- Kudancin Tekun Atlantika (Antarctic) yana rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai sanyi da dumi, amma kuma yana nisantar mahaɗan. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan ba su da yawa kamar na arewacin Tekun Atlantika, amma ana iya samun sa sau da yawa, kamar yadda wani lokacin yakan bayyana kusa da bakin teku.
Finwhals suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ruwan gishiri. Ba za a same su a cikin tabkuna da koguna ba - ba sa yin iyo a can, saboda suna cikin kasadar shiga cikin ruwa mara kyau. Hanya mafi sauƙi don hango kifin ƙifi a ƙasan teku ko teku.
A zahiri, finafinan Whale ne mafi ƙanƙantar da hankali halittun da suka gwammace su guje bakin gabar. Tare da taimakon echolocation, a sauƙaƙe suna sanin wurin bakin tekun kuma suna zagaye da shi. Amma wani lokacin, yayin neman abinci, Whale na iya iyo kusa da bakin teku.
Gabaɗaya, finafinan Whales suna riƙe da zurfin. A can ne suke samun abincinsu, suna haifuwa kuma suna sadarwa da juna. Wannan salon rayuwa na sirri yana da wahalar kiyaye wadannan dabbobin kuma yana jinkirta bincike game da halayyar whale.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami kifin whale. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene kifin Whale yake ci?
Photo: Finarshe daga littafin Red
Kamar sauran whales na baleen, ƙifayen firam suna ciyar da krill da plankton. Flockungiyar kifin Whale sun sami tarin wannan abincin kuma suna iyo a hankali a can, buɗe baki a buɗe. Krill ya tsotse mazurari a cikin bakin kifin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saboda gurɓacewar tekunan duniya, Whale suna ƙara cin robobi da mai.
Amma finafinan Whales ana kiransu herring whales saboda wani dalili. Su ne na musamman ta yadda zasu iya cin ƙananan kifi.
Abincin su kuma ya hada da:
- herring;
- capelin;
- gerbil;
- bulala;
- navaga;
- squid.
Wannan ɗabi'ar cin abincin mara kyau tana da wahalar gaskatawa. Wwararrun ƙwararrun fuka-fukai tabbas suna da cikin da suka dace don narkar da irin wannan abinci mai kauri, kuma suma suna buƙatar furotin da yawa don motsawa da motsawa cikin sauri.
Fin whales farautar squid yana da ban sha'awa - musamman squid squid. Whale na ƙwararru ba su da haƙoran kaifi kamar na mahaifa, don haka ba za su iya yaƙi squid ba. Hanyar hanyar ciyarwar su kawai ita ce tsotse katuwar kuli a cikin bakinsu, tana hadiye ta gabadaya. Wannan abincin ya isa mahaifa ta narke har tsawon makonni.
An kuma tabbatar da cewa cin kifi ba kwatsam. Wani lokaci shuɗin whales suna jan kifi tare da krill ba tare da farautar sa da gangan ba. Whales na ƙarshe suna neman manyan makarantun kifi da gangan. Da farko dai, makarantar kifayen kifayen ruwa suna iyo a kusa da kifin, suna jefa shi cikin wani tsini mai tarin yawa. Da yake sun yi nisa zuwa nesa, Whale suna kwance a gefensu kuma suna buɗe bakunansu, a hankali suna shan tarin kifi da yawa a lokaci ɗaya.
Wannan fasalin ya lura da masu jirgin ruwa a karni na 20. Lokacin da mutane ke sana'ar kamun kifi, sai suka lura cewa gaba dayan makarantun kifi na ruwa sun yi iyo kusa da makarantun kifi, wanda, amfani da wannan dama, ya sami nasarar ciro kifin daga cikin raga, ya hana masunta wani muhimmin ɓangare na kamun.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: walarshe
Finwhals suna da tauri sosai, saboda haka suna iyo kusan kilomita ɗari a kowace rana don neman abinci. Suna jagorancin rayuwar yau da kullun - to suna aiki da kallo. Da daddare suma suna ci gaba da iyo, amma da yawa a hankali - wannan shine yadda kifayen ruwa ke bacci a kan motsi.
Whales na ƙwarai suna haƙuri da sauyin zafin jiki da kyau, da sauri suna daidaitawa da sababbin yanayin rayuwa. Duk da cewa hatta whale na arewacin Tekun Atlantika ba sa son ruwan dumi, suna rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali a wuraren da aka sani, amma tuni cikin yanayin yanayin zafi mai yawa.
Matsakaicin zurfin zurfin kifin Whales yana da mita 150. Duk da cewa kifin na Whale, kamar sauran whale, suna yin ƙananan garken mutane har zuwa mutane 12, amma sun keɓe juna, su kaɗai. A nesa, suna sadarwa da juna ta amfani da echolocation. Whales na Fin kuma suna taimakon juna wajen kama kifi da plankton.
Hakanan ana lura da son sani a cikin kifin Whales. Kamar dabbobin da ke zurfin teku, za su iya samun jirgin ruwa a saman ruwa, don haka suna iyo zuwa saman don kallon wani abu da ba a sani ba. Kifin Whale, kamar dolphins, suma suna son iyo a kusa da kwale-kwale har ma da tsalle daga cikin ruwa, suna haifar da taguwar ruwa da fantsama.
Dabbobi ne masu saurin motsi da sauri, masu saurin gudu zuwa 60 km / h. Ba tare da iska ba, kifin whale na iya yin iyo cikin aminci na mintina 15, bayan haka zai fara shaƙa. Yawancin lokaci wannan lokacin ya isa ya tashi zuwa saman daga zurfin sama da mita 230.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: walarshe, amma herring whale
Whales ba su kai ga balagar jima'i a wani zamani ba, amma a wani tsayi. Wannan ya sake tabbatar da ka'idar cewa tsayin jikin mace yana da alaka kai tsaye da ayyukanta na haihuwa. Don haka mace ta kai ga girman jima'i tare da tsawon jiki na 18.5 m, kuma maza - 17.7.
Kwancen Whale yana da nutsuwa Maza maza suna yin iyo kusa da mace ɗaya na dogon lokaci, suna nemanta ta kowace hanya kuma suna rera "waƙoƙi". Mace ce take zaɓar namijin da ta fi so, bayan haka ne ake saduwa da juna kuma namiji yana ninkaya.
Aringaukar maraƙi yana ɗaukan shekara guda. Lokacin da mace ta shirya haihuwa, sai ta sauka zuwa cikin zurfin ta jira wasu matan don su taimaka mata wajen haihuwa. Mata Whale suna da kirki ga junan su kuma suna taimakawa wajen tayar da kifayen.
Lokacin da mace ta haihu, sai ta tura 'yar a farfajiyar domin ta fara shanta. Kitenok a tsayi bai wuce mita 6 ba, kuma nauyinsa kusan tan da rabi ne. Madarar Whale tana da kitse sosai da kuma gina jiki, kuma mahaifiya tana ciyar da kube har sai yakai rabin rabin girmanta. Cubankwiyan yana shan kimanin lita 70 na ruwan nono kowace rana.
Lokacin da kifi ya kai tsayin mita 12, sai ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa ya yi iyo da juna. Finwhals suna rayuwa aƙalla shekaru 50, amma wannan bayanan ba daidai bane. Akwai tabbacin cewa mutane na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 115.
Abokan gaba na ƙirar whale
Photo: Kitaramar kifin whale
Finwhals suna da girman girma, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa basu da abokan gaba na asali. Babu wani mahaukacin da zai iya jimre wa kifi whale a cikin mazaunin sa na asali. Koyaya, finafinan Whales na iya haɗuwa da manyan fararen kifayen.
Duk da cewa kifayen kifayen ruwa ba su da sha'awar wannan mai tsananin wahalar da ke cikin teku (babban farin kifin shark kawai ba ya ganin manyan kifayen ruwa a matsayin abinci), sharks na iya jan hankalin yaransu.
Whales na Fin ba su da hankali kuma suna da jinkiri dangane da fararen kifaye, kodayake su ne mafiya saurin whale na gidan minke. Kifin kifin kifin kifin kifi na iya kashe ɗan kifin whale ta hanyar yin ɗan ruga da sauri da cizon wasu abubuwa masu nauyi daga ciki. Manyan fararen kifin kifin na sharks na iya wuce tsaran samarinsu, tare da manyan mutane da suka kai tsawon mita takwas.
Sabili da haka, garken kifayen kifi na ƙayyade kasancewar masu farauta ta amfani da echolocation kuma suna kewaye da su. Hare-haren fararen kifin na shark akan kifin whales na da matukar wuya, saboda haka ana iya cewa ba a farautar dabbobin ni'ima da masu farautar halittu.
Akwai shaidar cewa an whale marassa lafiya a bakin ruwa. Wataƙila ba kawai kifayen da ke fama da cututtuka ba - wasu daga cikin shaidun kifaye “kashe kansa” ba a taɓa barata ba. Whale sun zama abinci ga kowane irin fauna na bakin teku. Jikinsu ya tafi don ciyar da kifin kifin, albatrosses, ganga; kadoji da sandar kifi sun tsaya kusa da su.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Yaya ɗan kifin whale yake kama
A lokacin 1974, yawancin kifayen kifi sun sami raguwa sosai. Da farko, akwai mutane sama da dubu 460 na waɗannan dabbobin, amma tsananin tsalle a cikin jama'a ya rage su zuwa dubu 101. A halin yanzu, yawan mutanen arewacin tekun Atlantika kusan dubu 10 ne, yayin da kafin a sami mutane sama da dubu 50.
Dalilin raguwar mutane sune kamar haka:
- Wahala Ya sami babban shahara sosai ƙarni ɗaya da suka gabata, lokacin da man kifi da whalebone suka shahara sosai a kasuwa. Duk nau'ikan kayan magani an danganta su da gabobin kifin. Yawan kamun kifi ya haifar da mutuwar fiye da ƙwararrun fuka-fuka dubu 58;
- kamun kifi. Finwhals suna buƙatar abinci mai yawa. Kamun kifi wanda yake lalata ciyawa, kifi, halibut da sauran nau'ikan kifaye masu yawa a ma'aunin masana'antu yana hana whales na abincinsu na yau da kullun;
- gurɓatar ruwan teku. Finwhals suna da kyau wajen daidaitawa da ɗumamar yanayi, amma ba za su iya jimre wa ɗimbin ɓarnar da suka ƙare a cikin teku ba. A cikin cikin kifin Whales da suka makale a gaci, an sami babban adadin sharar leda wanda ba shi narkewa kuma yana toshe hancin whales. Har ila yau, Whale suna haɗiye malalar mai, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar dabbobi.
Kariyar kifin Whale
Photo: Finarshe daga littafin Red
Tun daga 1980, farauta don farautar ƙifayen ruwa Haramcin ya shafi 'yan asalin arewacin ne, wadanda suka yi amfani da kitse da whalebone na kifin whales a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun. Finwal za ta kara Yarjejeniya ta farko da ta biyu kan Cinikin Kasa da Kasa a cikin Dabbobin Dabbobin Daure da Dabba da ke Haɗari zuwa Rataye. An jera a matsayin nau'in haɗari mai haɗari.
Hannun haramcin kuma ya shafi yankunan da finafinan Whale galibi ke rayuwa. An hana kamun kifi a wurin, tunda kifin ya tafi ciyar da waɗannan dabbobi. Finwhals suna da kyawawan halaye na haihuwa. Ko ta yaya, mata suna jin raguwar yawan jinsinsu. Idan yawan jama'a yana cikin mawuyacin hali, matan da ke shayar da yaransu na iya ɗaukar wani ɗan kyanwa a lokacin ciyarwar.
Wannan shine yadda ake canza yanayin kiwo na ƙifi kifi. Matsakaicin lokacin da yake ɗauka don ƙirar ƙirar whales don su balaga ana sauya su zuwa shida ko ma shekaru goma. Finwhals, suna jin barazanar bacewa, na iya yin ciki a baya don sake cika yawan jinsunan su.
Finwhal - dabba ce mai ban mamaki wacce ke rayuwa a kusan dukkanin ruwan tekuna. Sau da yawa sukan yi iyo zuwa jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa, suna nuna kansu cikin duk ɗaukakarsu. Yawan kifin whale yana murmurewa sannu a hankali saboda hanyoyin kariya da aka ɗauka.
Ranar bugawa: 08/07/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/28/2019 a 22:56
