Daya daga cikin kifayen da ba a saba gani ba, wanda aka fara ambaton shi a cikin ilimin adabin kimiyya kawai a cikin 1822, wanda ya kebanta da girma da kimar naman kifi, shine arapaimazaune a cikin tafkunan ruwa mai kyau na yanayin wurare masu zafi.
Fasali na arapaima da mazaunin sa
Giant arapaima, ko piraruku, ana samunsa galibi a cikin sabbin ruwan Amazon. Wannan jinsin ya zama sananne har ga Guiana da Indiyawa na Brazil kuma sun sami sunan saboda launin jan-lemu na naman da ɗigon ja mai haske a kan ma'auni ("piraruku" - jan kifi).
Mazaunin ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da yanayin muhallan da kifin ke rayuwa a ciki. A lokacin damina, suna rayuwa a cikin zurfin koguna, a cikin fari cikin sauki sukan shiga cikin yashi mai sanyi da kuma daddare, suna iya rayuwa cikin sauki koda a cikin dausayi.
Kifi Arapaima, shine ɗayan manyan kifaye a duniya. A cewar wasu majiyoyi na hukuma, nauyin wasu mutane na iya isa zuwa tsakiya biyu, kuma tsayin wani lokaci ya kan wuce mita biyu.
Ofaya daga cikin manyan siffofin samfurin shine ƙarfin ban mamaki na sikeli mai ƙamshi, yana da ƙarfi sau 10 fiye da ƙashi kuma yana da matsala a ratse ta, yana kama da ƙarfi zuwa harsashi. Wannan gaskiyar ce ta ba piranha damar daidaitawa tare da zama kusa da piranhas.
Shahararrun wannan nau'in kifin a cikin mazauninsu ba wai kawai saboda girmansa ba, amma kuma saboda da wuya ya hadu da baligi a cikin daji.
Shekaru aru-aru, ana ɗaukar wannan kifin a matsayin babban abincin kabilun Amazonia. Girman girman kifin ne da ikon tashi sau da yawa zuwa saman ruwa har ma yayi tsalle daga ciki don neman abin farautar da ya zama mai lalacewa - sauƙin ɗauke shi daga cikin ruwa tare da taimakon taru da harbo.
Ba al'ada tsarin jiki na arapaima yana ba wannan kifin damar yin farauta cikin nasara: yanayin jikin da jela wanda aka daidaita, ƙuraran da suke da ƙoshin lafiya suna baka damar amsawa ga kusancin ganima tare da saurin walƙiya kuma kama shi. A halin yanzu, yawan mutanen Piraruka gigantea ya ragu, kuma an hana kamun kifi don arapaima.
Yanayi da salon arapaima
Kifi Arapaima - mafi girma a cikin ruwa mai lalata, yana zaune ne a cikin ruwan sabo na Amazon, inda mutum mai wayewa ya bayyana ba safai ba: a dazukan Brazil, Peru, Guyana. Yana ciyarwa ba kawai a matsakaici da ƙananan kifi ba, amma kuma baya jinkirta cin riba daga tsuntsaye da gawar a lokacin rani. Jiki, cike da ƙananan jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke kusa da ma'aunin kifi, yana ba da damar farauta a saman ruwa.
Bambancin tsarin mafitsara (ovoid) da kunkuntar jiki na taimakawa tsira daga fari cikin sauki, daidaitawa da yanayin muhalli mara kyau, da kuma karancin iskar oxygen.
Saboda karancin iskar oxygen a cikin ruwan Amazon, ana tilasta arapaima yin iyo a saman ta kowane minti 10-20 domin haɗiye iska cikin nutsuwa. Ba za a iya kiran wannan kifin da kifin akwatin kifaye ba, duk da haka, a yau ana cin sa a cikin bauta. Tabbas, ba zai isa manyan girma da nauyin jiki ba, amma za a iya samun sama da rabin mita kaɗan tare da sauƙi.
Noman kifi na wucin gadi, kodayake yana da matsala, amma ya yadu ko'ina: a Latin Amurka, Turai da Asiya. Ana iya samun su a cikin manyan akwatin ruwa, gidan zoo, wuraren ajiyar ruwa da aka saba don kiwon kifi.
Piraruku an daidaita shi daban da sauran nau'in (don gujewa cin su), ko tare da wasu manyan kifaye masu farauta. A cikin yanayin wuraren gandun daji, arapaima na iya rayuwa kusan shekaru 10-12, cikin ƙaura.
Arapaima abincin kifi
Kifin arapaima mai girma nau'in dabbobi ne masu cin nama kuma ana ciyar dasu ne kawai akan nama. Babban piraruka, a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, yana zaɓaɓɓe a cikin zaɓin abinci, a matsayinka na ƙa'ida, abincinsa ya haɗa da ƙanana da matsakaiciyar kifi, wani lokacin tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu matsakaici suna zaune a kan rassa ko saukowa don shan ruwa.
Yaran dabbobi sun fi kazanta, yayin tsawon girma suna cinye duk abin da ya same su: larvae, kifi, gawar, kwari, invertebrates, kananan macizai, tsuntsaye da kashin baya.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na arapaima
A waje, namiji a matashi ba shi da bambanci da mace arapaima. Koyaya, a lokacin balaga da shirye shirye don haihuwa, jikin namiji, wanda ya cika da gishiri da fika, ya fi na mace ƙarfi da yawa sau da yawa.
Ko mace tana shirye don haihuwar zuriya ana iya hukunci da tsayin jikinta da shekarunta: dole ne ta kasance aƙalla shekarunta 5 kuma ba ta fi ƙasa da mita ɗaya da rabi ba. A cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, na bushe na Amazon, yaduwar abubuwa a ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris.
Galibi a wannan lokacin, mace kan fara ba wa kanta wurin da daga baya za ta yi ƙwai. Piraruka mace mafi yawan lokuta tana zaɓar waɗannan dalilai ne a ƙasan rairayi, inda kusan babu halin yanzu, kuma zurfin ba mai girma bane.
Tare da dogon jikinta, mai saurin tashin hankali, mace ke fitar da rami mai zurfin (kusan zurfin 50-80 cm), inda take sanya manyan ƙwai. Da zaran lokacin damina ya fara, kwai da aka riga aka sa kafin ya fashe, sai soya ya fito daga cikinsu.
Abin lura ne cewa arapaimakamar yadda yawancin kifin ruwa ke yi, baya barin ƙyayen da aka ƙyanƙyashe, amma yana kula da su har wata uku. Bugu da ƙari, namiji da kansa ya kasance tare da mace, kuma shi ne ya tabbatar da cewa ƙwayayen ba sa cin naman.
Matsayin mace bayan kwanciya ya ragu don kare yankin da ke kusa da gida; tana ci gaba da sintiri a yankin da ke tazarar mita 15 daga gidan. Wani farin abu na musamman da aka samo akan kan namiji (sama da idanuwa) ya zama abinci ga matasa.
Wannan abincin yana da matukar amfani, kuma a cikin mako ɗaya bayan haihuwar soya fara cin abincin "baligi" kuma ya watse, ko kuma ya zama mara haske, a kowane bangare. Growtharamar ƙuruciya ba ta girma da sauri, a matsakaita, jimlar ƙaruwar wata a girma bai wuce 5 cm ba, kuma nauyi bai fi gram 100 ba.
Don haka, duk da kamaninsa mai ƙayatarwa, arapaima yana jan hankalin masanan ruwa da masu son kamun kifi. Wannan hujja tana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa mai farautar yana iya kaiwa ga girman gaske, kuma wannan ba'a bashi duk kifin ruwa mai kyau ba.
Ya isa kallo sau ɗaya kawai a bayyanar piraruka har abada don tuna daidai yadda wannan nau'in kifin yake. Wannan kifin dan dama ne, wannan halayyar ce ta ba shi damar, sananne tun zamanin mutanen Brazil da Guiana Indians, ya rayu har zuwa yau.
A cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye don kiwon arapaima yana da matsala sosai saboda gaskiyar cewa yana buƙatar manyan akwatunan ruwa masu girma fiye da lita dubu, da tace ruwa akai akai da kuma zafin jiki na musamman wanda aka ƙalla aƙalla digiri 23 tare da taurin da bai wuce 10 ba.
