Bison - zuriyar zuriyar tsoffin bijimai
Bison ya cancanci a ɗauka masarautan gandun daji saboda ƙarfin ban mamaki, ƙarfi, girman wannan dabbar. Tarihin dabba, wanda ya faro tun zamanin da, yana da ban mamaki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo.
An hallaka Bison zuwa mawuyacin hali, amma kwararru daga masu ajiya da mutane masu zaman kansu sun kirkiro wuraren kulawa, inda aka ɗauki mutane na ƙarshe a cikin kariya kuma aka cece su.
Fasali da mazaunin bison
Bison - wakili mafi girma na dabbobi masu shayarwa a Turai, zuriyar bijimai na daji. A tsakiyar zamanai, ƙattai na gandun daji sun zama gama gari a cikin dazuzzuka daga gabas zuwa yamma a duk cikin Eurasia.
Wace dabba ce bison, ana iya fahimta daga girmansa:
- nauyin bison balagagge na zamani ya kai tan 1. Kakannin sun ma fi girma, har zuwa kilogiram 1200;
- tsayin dabba a bushe ya kai 180-188 cm;
- tsawon - har zuwa 270-330 cm.
Mata suna da ɗan ƙarami a cikin girma. Bison yana da babban ɓangaren jiki tare da babban rami wanda ya haɗa gajeriyar wuya da baya. An matsa bayan bayan jiki, ƙarami a cikin girma.
Kirjin yana da fadi. Wutsiya, an rufe shi da gashi, tsawonsa ya kai 80 cm, ya ƙare da ƙwanƙolin gashi, kama da buroshi. Legsafafu masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi tare da manyan kofuna, ƙafafun gaba sun fi ƙasa da na baya baya sosai.
Bison shine wakili mafi girma na dabbobi masu shayarwa
Kan tare da goshi mai fadi yana da rauni sosai, hatta jelar dabbar tana saman rawanin. Bakin kahon an bazu an fadada gaba. Fuskokinsu santsi ne, fasalin ya kasance rago kuma zagaye.
Tsawon ya kai santimita 65, kuma faɗuwar ƙahonin ya kai cm 75. Wataƙila sunan dabbar ya koma kalmar Proto-Slavic "haƙori", wanda ke nufin abu mai kaifi. Horahonin katon, sun nuna kuma sun yi gaba, sun ƙayyade sunansa.
Kunnuwa ƙananan ne, ɓoye a cikin gashin kai. Idanu tare da kumburin ƙwallan baki, manyan gashin ido masu kauri da kauri. Bakin bakin shudi ne. Bisan kamshin bison da ji suna da ci gaba sosai, kuma idanunsa ba su da kyau.
Gashi launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, tare da jan hankali a cikin samari. Short, mai yawa da mai hana ruwa, yana kare dabba daga damp da kuma yanayin sanyi. An rufe wuya da huɗa tare da dogon gashi. Kuna iya lura da ƙaramin gemu na bison.
Bijimai masu ƙarfi suna rayuwa cikin garken shanu, waɗanda suka haɗa da shanu da matasa. Bison da ya manyanta ya kasance tare da danginsu a lokacin saduwa. Garke daya na iya daukewa daga kawuna 10 zuwa 20.
Dabba mai kama da Bison, - Bisan Amurka. Bambancin da ke tsakaninsu kadan ne. Akwai zuriya ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan zuriya - bison.
A cikin shekaru 20 na karnin da ya gabata, bison ya ɓace daga cikin daji. Yau bison dabba ce daga littafin Red Book, manya-manyan mazaunan gandun daji sun fito ne daga mutanen da aka kubutar a cikin wuraren kulawa na musamman da wuraren ajiya. Bayan shekaru 30 ne kawai aka sami damar yin nasarar yin amfani da bison na farko.
An gane bison iri biyu:
- Belovezhsky (a fili), babba, mai doguwar ƙafa. Ya zauna a Ingila, Scandinavia, Western Siberia;
- Caucasian (dutse), ya zauna a cikin Caucasus. An bambanta shi ta ƙarami da ƙaramin gashi. An lalata shi a farkon ƙarni na 20.
Bison yana rayuwa cikin daɗaɗɗun daji, da keɓaɓɓu da dazuzzuka, tare da buɗaɗɗun makiyaya, kusa da kogi. A halin yanzu, ana iya samun bison a Rasha, Poland, Moldova, Belarus, Latvia, Kyrgyzstan.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar bison
Bishiyar dabbobi mai faɗi a cikin girma, da alama ba shi da ma'ana kuma ba ruwansa da komai a huta. Bis a cikin fushi da fushi haɗari ne. Gargaɗi ta hanyar girgiza kansa, nishaɗi da kallon abokan gaba, tana biye da shi a guje, yana ta ƙaho da ƙahoni.
A cikin hoto Belovezhskiy bison
Babu kauri ko babban shinge da zai dakatar da dabba mai fushi. Shanu sun fita kiwo safe da yamma. Da rana, suna son shakatawa, shiga cikin rana, goge ulu a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa suna tauna cingam.
Garken mata da maruƙa suna da ƙwarewar mace mafi ƙwarewa. Maza suna shiga tare da su kawai a lokacin saduwa. Suna zaune a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi daban ko kuma ɗaya. Wasu lokuta kungiyoyin dangi suna haduwa don kare zuriya daga masu lalata.
A cikin hoton ƙungiyar bison tare da ɗiya
Mace mai kare cuba heran ta na iya zama haɗari ga mutane. Kusantar dabba yana haifar da zalunci. A wasu halaye, bison na iya zama ba ruwansa da mutane, zo kusa don gani saboda rashin hangen nesa. A dabi'a, suna guje wa tarurruka, suna yin ritaya da hankali.
A lokacin bazara rare dabbobi bison kusa da gadaje na kogin, kuma a lokacin rani mai zafi sukan koma daji. Dabbobin suna ɓoyewa daga zafin rana a cikin dajin inuwa. Idan kwari suka kori Kattai, to suna neman ceto a busassun wuraren iska. 'Yan sa'o'i kadan kafin faduwar rana, bijimai tabbas zasu matsa zuwa ramin shayarwa.
Bison kiwo, a matsayin mai mulkin, a yankin da aka zaɓa. Idan babu wadataccen abinci, suna motsawa cikin neman sabon wuri. Legsafafu masu ƙarfi da juriya, ikon yin iyo da kyau yana ba ka damar cin nasara dubun kilomita.
Katon mai cin ciyawar ba ya yin barazana ga mazaunan gandun daji. Babban maƙiyan bison sune kerkeci, beyar, lynxes, da damisa. An sami nasarar tserar Bison daga harin da suke kaiwa akan 'yan maruƙan ta hanyar kariya ta kewaye.
'Ya'yan calves da ba su da kariya kuma suna da rauni a cikin mata. Sadarwar bison kusan shiru. Zasu iya yin sautunan shiru kama da gurnani, ihu. Sniffs suna fitowa daga gare su cikin damuwa.
Saurari muryar bison
Abinci
Abincin abincin bison bishiyoyi ya dogara da nau'ikan tsire-tsire ɗari. Abincin ya ƙunshi ganye, harbe, bawon itacen, rassan shrubs, wasu ganye, lichens.
Theimar abinci mai gina jiki ya dogara da kakar. A lokacin rani suna son maple ganye, Willow, ash. A cikin kaka, suna ci gaba da cin naman kaza, berries, acorns. A lokacin hunturu mai sanyi, dabbobi suna tono dusar ƙanƙara tare da kofatan su don neman abinci, suna cin abinci a kan haushi, ƙananan rassan shrubs, allurar coniferous, lichens.
Bijimi daya yana buƙatar abinci mai nauyin kilogiram 50 kowace rana. A cikin yanayin ajiyar yanayi, ana ciyar da bison da ciyawa. Bison kar a bari kowa kusa da masu ciyarwar a cikin ajiyar. Akwai sanannun lokuta na ramuwar gayya game da dabbobi a kan elks, dawakai, masu fafatawa a cikin dabba a cikin yanayi.
Bison na iya ciyarwa akan rassan sirara da allurar coniferous
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na bison
Gwagwarmayar bison don mace mafi kyau zata fara ne a watan Yuli kuma yana nan har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. Mazaje masu ƙarfi sun zo garken shanu, sun kori 'yan maruƙa suna gasa da ƙarfi. Hannun mace ya kai wata 9.
Calan maraƙi ɗaya ya bayyana a keɓaɓɓen wuri, nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 25. Sutarin jariri haske ne mai haske. Nan da nan ya tsaya kan ƙafafunsa, ya sha madara mai mai kuma ya bi mahaifiyarsa da ƙanshi. Za a fara ciyar da tsire-tsire a cikin makonni uku, amma maraƙin zai buƙaci ruwan nono har shekara guda.
Calan saniya suna zama a cikin garke har shekara uku, suna koyon dabarun rayuwa daga manya. Sun balaga a lokacin da suke da shekaru 3-5. Girman matasa bison ya ci gaba har zuwa shekaru 5-6. Bison yana rayuwa a matsakaici har zuwa shekaru 20-25. A cikin yankuna masu kariya, tsawon rai na iya zuwa shekaru 30.
A cikin hoton bison tare da ɗan maraƙin sa
Bayanin bison dabba, wani zamani ne mai girman gaske, tarihin rayuwarsa, bacewarsa, farkawarsa yasa mutum yayi tunani game da kimantawa da kiyaye namun daji a cikin kamanninta na musamman.
