Mikiya tsuntsu Mikiya salon da mazauninsu

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Idan ana maganar tsuntsayen dabbobi, mutum baya iya yabawa sai da kwarin gwiwa, saurinsu, karfinsu da kuma hangen nesa. Suna tashi sama a cikin gandun daji, filaye, koguna, tafkuna da tekuna, suna faɗakarwa cikin girmansu da ƙarfinsu. Baya ga bayyanar, wadannan tsuntsayen suna da fa'idodi da yawa, kuma a yau za mu yi magana dalla-dalla game da ɗaya daga cikin wakilan shaho - gaggafa.

Bayyanar mikiya

Mikiya na mallakar dangin ungulu ne, wanda aka fassara daga Girkanci, sunansa yana nufin mikiya a teku. Kamar kowane nau'in jinsin, gaggafa babban tsuntsu mai tsawon santimita 75-100, fikafikan fikafikan har zuwa mita 2.5 kuma yana da nauyin 3-7 kg.

Abin lura ne cewa nau'in "arewa" sun fi na "kudu" girma. Wutsiyoyi da fukafukan gaggafa fadi. Tsuntsaye suna da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi tare da kaɗaɗɗun hanu masu kaifi, akan dogayen (kusan 15 cm) yatsun akwai ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa don sauƙaƙa riƙe ganima, musamman kifi mai santsi.

Tarsus tsirara ne, ba tare da fuka-fukai ba. Babban bakin an dunƙule, rawaya. A saman idanun rawaya masu kaifin gani, kiban baka masu karfin gaske sun fito fili, saboda da alama tsuntsu yana murtuke fuska.

Hoton gaggafa ce mai farin-wutsiyoyi

Launi na plumage galibi launin ruwan kasa ne, fararen sakawa suna cikin jinsuna daban-daban ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Zai iya zama farin kai, kafadu, gangar jiki, ko jela. Ba a bayyane dimorphism na jima'i sosai; a cikin ma'aurata, ana iya rarrabe mace ta girmanta.

Mikiya mazauni

Wadannan tsuntsayen ganima sun yadu sosai, kusan ko'ina, banda Antarctica da Kudancin Amurka. Ana samun nau'ikan mikiya 4 a Rasha. Abin da ya fi yawa shi ne gaggafa mai fararen fata, wanda ke rayuwa kusan ko'ina inda akwai ruwa mai kyau ko ruwan gishiri. Mikiya mai tsawon-lokaci ta kasance daga nau'ikan tudu, wadanda suka fi rayuwa daga Caspian zuwa Transbaikalia. Mikiya ta teku da aka samo galibi a gabar tekun Pacific.

Hoton gaggafa ta teku

Mikiya mai kauri yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka, wani lokacin yana tashi zuwa gabar tekun Pacific, ana la'akari dashi alama Amurka kuma an zana shi akan rigar makamai da sauran alamun jihar.

A cikin hoton akwai gaggafa mai sanƙo

Eagle Screamer na zaune ne a kudancin Afirka kuma tsuntsayen ƙasa ne na wasu ƙasashe a can. Mafi yawan mazaunan suna cikin ƙasan Volga da kuma cikin Gabas mai nisa, tunda waɗannan wuraren suna da wadataccen kifi - babban abincin waɗannan mafarautan.

Duk gaggafa suna zama kusa da manyan ruwa, a gabar teku, tsattsauran ra'ayi, koguna, tabkuna. Suna ƙoƙari kada su tashi cikin zurfin ƙasar. Ba safai suke yin ƙaura ba, amma idan magudanan ruwa da suke samun abinci suna daskarewa, to tsuntsayen suna yin ƙaura kusa da kudu don hunturu.

Kowane ɗayan da aka ninka yana da yankinsa, wanda suka mallake shi tsawon shekaru. Yawancin lokaci wannan shine akalla kadada 10 na farfajiyar ruwa. A wani yanki na gabar tekun, suna gina gida, suna rayuwa, suna ciyarwa kuma suna kiwon kajin. Mikiya galibi suna yin hutunsu na hutawa a cikin wani hadadden gandun daji.

A hoto, gaggafa ta yi kururuwa

Yanayi da salon rayuwar gaggafa

Tsuntsaye sunaye ne na yau da kullun, farauta da kuma ci gaba da kasuwancin su a lokutan rana. A cikin jirgin, akwai manyan nau'ikan halaye guda uku - tsawa, gudu da nutsuwa.

Don yin shawagi a cikin yankunanta da kuma leken asirin abin da aka yi niyya, tsuntsun yana amfani da jirgin sama mai tashi sama, yana ta shawagi tare da igiyar ruwa mai dauke da ruwa mai dauke da fukafukinsa. Lokacin da gaggafa ta lura da abin da ta kama, da sauri za ta iya zuwa gare shi, ta buɗe fikafikanta da himma da sauri har zuwa kilomita 40 / h.

Wadannan manyan tsuntsayen basa nutsewa ba sau da yawa, amma idan ana so, suna fadowa daga tsawo, suna haɓaka saurin har zuwa 100 km / h. Idan yankin wuraren farautar bai yi yawa ba, gaggafa za ta zaɓi wurin da zai lura da shi kuma ya binciko abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi, yana neman ganima.

Ciyar da mikiya

Idan aka yi la'akari da yankin da gaggafa ta zaba don rayuwa, abu ne mai sauki a ɗauka cewa jikin ruwa sune tushen tushen abincin su. Tsuntsaye masu cin nama suna cin abinci akan kifi da tsuntsayen ruwa. Sun ba da fifiko ga babban kifi, wanda ya kai kimanin kilogiram 2-3, kamar su coho salmon, pike, ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda, irin kifi, salmon na sockeye, irin kifi, kifaye iri-iri, kiwan Pacific, mullet, trout.

Wannan ba wai kawai saboda kyakkyawan abinci bane, amma kuma saboda gaggafa ba zata iya riƙe ƙaramin kifi da dogayen fika ba. Mai farautar kuma yana ciyar da tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa kusa da jikin ruwa - agwagwa, grested grebe, gulls, herons, coot.

Hakanan an haɗa da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin menu, waɗannan hares, raccoons, squirrels, bera. Hakanan gaggafa na iya kama macizai da yawa, kwadi, kayan kwalliya, kunkuru da sauransu, amma ba su da wata fa'ida a gare shi.

Carrion shima ya dace da abinci, tsuntsaye basa wulakanta kifi, kifi, gawawwakin dabbobi daban-daban da aka jefa a bakin teku. Kari kan haka, a matsayin babban mai farauta, gaggafa na ganin ba abin kunya ba ne don kwace ganima daga kananan mafarauta masu rauni, ko ma sata ta hanyar gibin 'yan uwanta.

Mikiya ta fi so farauta a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, a wuraren da suka fi kifi yawa kuma sam ba shi da wahala a same ta. Bayan ta lura da wanda aka azabtar, sai tsuntsun ya fado ƙasa kamar dutse, ya kama abin farauta ya hau sama da shi.

Fuka-fukai ba sa jike yayin irin wannan farauta. Wani lokaci mai farautar yakan yi tafiya a kan ruwa, yana tsinkaye ƙananan kifi daga can. Amma mafi yawan lokuta ganima tana da girma, gaggafa tana iya ɗaukar nauyinsa har zuwa 3 kilogiram. Idan nauyi ya zama ya yi nauyi sosai, mai farautar zai iya yin iyo tare da shi zuwa gaɓar teku, inda zai sami abincin rana lafiyayye.

Wasu lokuta wasu gaggafa suna farauta tare, musamman ma wadanda suka fi girma, dabbobi masu shayarwa da sauri da tsuntsaye. Ofaya daga cikin masu farautar ya shagaltar da abin farauta, na biyun kuma ba zato ba tsammani. Mikiya na iya kama ƙaramin tsuntsaye a sama. Idan ganimar tana da girma, mai farautar yayi kokarin tashi zuwa sama zuwa gare shi daga kasa sannan, ya juya, ya huda kirjin da farcen.

Mikiya tana tilastawa tsuntsayen ruwa yin nutso, zagaye da su kuma abin tsoro. Lokacin da agwagin ya gaji kuma ya yi rauni, zai zama da sauƙi a kamo shi a jawo shi a bakin teku. A lokacin cin abincin, gaggafa tana matsa abinci zuwa rassan bishiyoyi ko zuwa kasa da kafa daya, da dayan da bakinsa yana yankar nama.

Galibi, idan akwai tsuntsaye da yawa a kusa, to mafi farauta mai farauta yana ƙoƙari ya yi ritaya, saboda yunwarsa haɗuwa zai iya tilasta shi ya raba. Babban ganima yana dadewa, kusan kilogram na abinci na iya zama a cikin goiter, yana ba tsuntsu kwanaki da yawa.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na gaggafa

Kamar sauran tsuntsayen wannan jinsin, mikiya na daya-daya. Amma, idan tsuntsu ɗaya ya mutu, na biyun ya sami madadin shi. Hakanan yana faruwa idan “iyali” sun kasa samar da zuriya. An kafa ma'aurata a lokacin ƙuruciya, wannan na iya faruwa a lokacin bazara da lokacin sanyi. Lokacin kiwo yana farawa daga Maris-Afrilu. Mikiya a cikin da'irar kauna a sararin samaniya, fara ce da nutsuwa sosai.

Hoton shine gida na farin gaggafa

Kasancewa cikin hanyar da ta dace, iyayen da zasu zo nan gaba zasu fara gina gida, ko kuma, idan ma'auratan sun tsufa, zasu dawo da bara. Namiji yana bawa mace kayan gini, wanda take kwantawa. Gida na Mikiya manya-manya, yawanci kusan mita a diamita kuma har zuwa tan a nauyi.

Irin wannan nauyi tsari tsuntsaye ne suke sanyawa a kan tsohuwar busasshiyar bishiya, ko akan dutsen da ke da yanci. Babban abu shine cewa tallafi ya kamata ya jure, kuma maharan ƙasa da yawa ba zasu iya zuwa ƙwai da kajin ba.

Bayan kwanaki 1-3, mace tana yin fari fara 1, ƙwai mai laushi. Uwa-mai-kasancewa tana kunnan kamawa na kwanaki 34-38. Yaran da aka kyankyashewa basu da komai kwata-kwata, kuma iyayen suna ciyar dasu da ƙananan zaren nama da kifi.

A hoto, gaggafa kaza

Yawancin lokaci mafi karfi kaji ne kawai ke rayuwa. Bayan watanni 3, samari sun fara tashi daga cikin gida, amma na wasu watanni 1-2 suna kusa da iyayensu. Mikiya na balaga da jima’i kawai da shekara 4 da haihuwa. Amma wannan abu ne na al'ada, ganin cewa wadannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 20.

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Kalli bidiyon: Idon Mikiya 17-08-2020 (Nuwamba 2024).