Honoriki ƙananan dabbobi ne masu larura na dangin weasel. Wadannan dabbobin ana yawan ajiye su azaman dabbobi. Ana samun nau'in ne sakamakon haɗuwar matattakalar tarko da ƙoshin katako tare da ƙaramin Turai. Suna girmamawa, wanda aka kirkira daga haɗuwa da sunayen iyaye, ana amfani dashi kawai a Rasha, a duk duniya ana kiran waɗannan dabbobi, kamar talakawa na cikin gida - fretka (ferret, ko fredka).
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Honorik
Honorik wani nau'in jinsin ne wanda aka kirkireshi ta hanyar ratsa Mustela eversmanni (itace ferret), Mustela eversmanni (steppe ferret) da Mustela lutreola (Turai mink). Wannan jinsin ya shahara ne daga sanannen masanin kimiyar dabbobi na Soviet Dmitry Ternovsky a shekarar 1978. Tunda wannan nau'in an halicce shi ne da wucin gadi, ana iya samun wadannan dabbobi galibi a cikin bauta, kodayake ana samun girmamawa a cikin daji.
A waje, girmamawa ya ɗan bambanta da na gwanon talakawa. Jikin dabbobi siriri ne kuma mai sassauci. Wadannan dabbobin suna da siriri kuma mafi tsayi wuyan wuya, da karamin kai zagaye, da doguwa, wutsiya mai taushi, wanda girmamawa ta gada daga maƙerin Turai. Honorik ya fi girma girma fiye da takaddun al'ada. Babban mutum yayi nauyi daga gram 400 zuwa kilogram 2.6. Girman dabba yana da kusan 50 cm, tsawon wutsiya kusan 15-18 cm.
Bidiyo: Honorik
Honoriki ya bambanta da ferrets ta lokacin gashi mai kauri da laushi da takamaiman launi. Daga minks waɗannan dabbobin sun sami rumfa ta baƙar fata, ana daidaita ta daidai a kan ɗaukacin launin ruwan kasa da ke ƙarƙashin. Dabbobin da aka gada daga ferrets yanayin jiki mai sassauƙa da manyan kunnuwa waɗanda ke kusa da farar fata.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kusan wadannan dabbobin ba a tashe su a cikin zoosavkhozes ba saboda karancin minks da wahalar kiwon dabbobi, kuma galibi' yan kasuwa suna siyar da kayan masarufin talakawa da sunan girmamawa. Amma hakikanin girmamawa har yanzu sakamakon keta nau'ikan halittu guda uku ne, zaka iya banbanta girmamawa daga talakawa ta hanyar tsarin fur, kasancewar bakin rumfa da doguwar jela mai tauri.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya girmamaik yake
Honoriki ƙananan dabbobi ne masu doguwar jiki siriri. Mai saurin yanayi da sauri. Kan dabbar yana karami. Idanu kanana ne, iris din idanuwa launin kasa-kasa ne. Gira da leben sama fari ne; Mafi yawan girmamawa suna da ratsi mai haske a bayan idanu da kunnuwan dabbar. Akwai dogon gashin baki kusa da hanci. Ulu din yayi kauri, ya fi na mink kyau, a tsari ya fi kama da tsaka mai tsayi kusan 4 cm, karkashin 2-2.5 cm
Kasan mahaifin yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne ko kalar kasa. Theasan hannu ƙanana ne, kodayake, wannan baya hana girmamawa motsawa da sauri. Wutsiyar ta fi tsayi, kusan 15-20 cm, gashin da ke kan jelar ya fi tsayi da laushi. Tunda girmamawar halitta nau'ikan halittu ne da aka kirkira, hanoriks maza ba su da haihuwa kuma ba sa iya haihuwa. Amma mata suna da ikon samar da lafiyayyun zuriya idan aka haye su da ferre.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Honoriks suna da ci gaba mai kyau ta hanji, wanda ke ɓoye wani ruwa mai ƙanshi, maza suna yiwa yankinsu alama da ita kuma suna fatattakar abokan gaba cikin haɗari.
Honoriki ya dace sosai da yanayin muhalli. A lokacin sanyi, dabbobin suna da kariya daga sanyi ta furcinsu mai kauri; kusa da lokacin rani, dabbobi na fara yin narkar da aiki, a lokacin da dabbar ke sabunta gashinta. Bugu da kari, yawan canzawa da kuma yawan musayar iskar gas yana canzawa a lokuta daban-daban na shekara.
A lokacin bazara, dabbobi basu da nauyi sosai, kusan babu wata mai mai kiba, a lokacin hunturu dabbobin suna samun kusan kashi 30% na nauyinsu, wani layin mai mai ban sha'awa ya bayyana, kuma ulu tana girma. Tsawon rayuwar wadannan dabbobi a cikin daji ya kai kimanin shekaru 5; a garkame, wadannan dabbobin zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12.
A ina masu girmamawa suke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Gida Honorik
Tunda girmamawa dabbobi dabbobi ne da ake kirkiro su a cikin daji, yana da wuya a hadu dasu. A cikin yanayin mahalli, ana samun girmamawa a cikin mazaunin zuriyarsu. Honoriki na iya zama a yankin tsakiyar da kudancin Rasha, a yamma da Turai, a Eurasia da tsakiyar Asiya.
Ana samun Honoriki a cikin Czech Republic, Romania, Moldova, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria da kuma kan iyakar Ukraine. A cikin daji, dabbobi suna rayuwa galibi a cikin gandun daji da gandun daji. Dabbobi suna shirya wa kansu ramuka, inda suke zaune. Suna son zama kusa da sassan ruwa, girmamawa sun gaji ikon yin iyo sosai a cikin minks, kuma a lokacin zafi na rani suna iya ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa a cikin ruwa.
Honoriks galibi ana kiyaye su azaman dabbobin gida. A cikin fursuna, waɗannan dabbobin suna da kyau a ajiye su a cikin keɓaɓɓun keji, inda ake sa hammo ko bargo mai laushi. Zai fi kyau sanya keji tare da dabbar a cikin nutsuwa, wuri mai dumi, kariya daga zane. Honoriki dabbobi ne masu hankali, da sauri suna saba da tire, sun san wurin cin abinci. Kejin dabba ya zama mai fadi kuma koyaushe mai tsabta.
Dabba ba za ta iya zama a cikin keji ba tsawon yini, saboda yana bukatar motsi, don haka ana sakin masu girmamawa don yin yawo cikin gida da yardar kaina. Gaskiya ne, ya fi kyau kada ku bar dabbobi ba tare da kulawa ba. Honoriki na iya ɓoyewa a cikin keɓaɓɓun wuraren, shiga cikin na'urar wanki da kwandon shara, don haka lokacin barin gidan yana da kyau a kulle dabbar a cikin keji.
Me girmamawa ke ci?
Hotuna: Honorik a cikin yanayi
Honoriki sune masarufi kuma suna cin abinci iri ɗaya kamar ferrets.
Abincin na girmamawa ya haɗa da:
- beraye iri-iri;
- toads;
- kwadi;
- kifi;
- berayen ruwa;
- tsuntsayen daji da kwayayensu;
- manyan kwari - fara, ciyawa, mazari da sauransu.
Wani lokaci ferrets sukan shiga cikin ramin kurege da yankan kurege. A cikin fursuna, ana ciyar da masu girmamawa tare da tafasasshen naman kaji, ƙwai, alawa, dafaffen kifi, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Babu yadda za a yi a ba waɗannan dabbobin shan sigari da gishiri, saboda dabbobi na iya mutuwa daga irin wannan abincin. Honoriki dabbobi ne masu aiki kuma suna buƙatar abinci da ruwa koyaushe.
Ruwa ya kasance koyaushe a cikin keji, yana da kyau a zuba shi a cikin kofin shan domin kada dabbar ta zubar da ruwa. Don dabbar ta ji dadi, dole ne a ciyar da shi da abinci mai inganci, dole ne a cire ragowar abincin da ya rage a cikin kejin, saboda abincin da ba a ci ba da sauri yake lalacewa, kuma dabbar za ta iya zama mai guba ta hanyar cin abincin da ya lalace. Idan baku son tsunduma cikin abincin dabbobi, zaku iya siyan ingantaccen abinci busasshe a shagon dabbobi.
Lokacin sakin dabba don yin yawo a cikin gida, yana da mahimmanci a bi shi, tunda masu ba da fata suna da daɗin tauna a kan wayoyi, shiga cikin kwandunan shara da ɗakunan ajiya, inda dabba ma za ta iya samun guba ta hanyar cin wani abu da ba za a iya ci ba ko kuma a lalata shi. A lokacin bazara, ana iya ciyar da masu girmamawa ƙasa da ƙasa; yana da mahimmanci don tsarma abincin tare da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa. A lokacin sanyi, dabbobi na bukatar karin nama. Domin dabbar gidan ta ji daɗi, yana da kyau a ƙara ƙwayoyin bitamin don kayan kwalliyar da ake sayarwa a shagunan dabbobi zuwa abinci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Honoriki
Honoriki dabbobi ne masu aiki sosai. Suna iyo sosai, suna gudu cikin sauri kuma cikin sauƙin hawa har zuwa wuraren da basu da damar shiga. A cikin daji, dabbobi da sauri suna haƙa ramuka, suna da kyau a farautar ɓeraye, tsuntsaye, amphibians da macizai. Mai matukar saurin girgiza da walwala. Suna ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba a cikin ramuka, suna iya haƙa zurfin wurare, a cikin ƙasa da cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
Honoriks suna da halayyar tashin hankali, kada mutum ya manta cewa dabbobi ne masu cin nama bayan komai. Honoriki na iya zama kusa da mutum har ma sun san shi a matsayin maigida, amma suna iya yin zafin hali. Sabili da haka, har yanzu bai kamata a ajiye waɗannan dabbobi a cikin danginsu inda akwai ƙananan yara ba, ku ma ku fara hankula idan kuna da hamsters, beraye masu ado, tsuntsaye, saboda za su iya zama ganimar wannan ƙaramar dabbar. Amma tare da kuliyoyi da karnuka, waɗannan dabbobin suna jituwa da juna.
Suna aiki musamman da dare. Lokacin da dabbobi suke a farke, basa hutawa, girmamawa koyaushe suna motsi, suna gudu da tsalle. Suna son yin wasa da juna da kuma maigidan, ba sa son kaɗaici. Girki na gida kusan ba ya wari, koda kuwa akwai haɗari, dabbobi na iya jin ƙanshin miski, amma girmamawa ta daji, idan akwai haɗari, suna fitar da wani ruwa mai ƙamshi daga dubura.
Honoriki dabbobi ne masu hankali, suna da sauƙin horo. Lokacin da dabbobin suka ji daɗi, suna sanar da mai shi game da shi da nishaɗi mai daɗi. Lokacin da girmamawa ba ta jin daɗi da fushi, yana iya yin nishi da raha da rashin jin daɗi. Idan dabbar tana cikin haɗari mai tsanani, zai iya ma ihu. Honoraramin girmamawa suna ihu suna sanar da wasu cewa suna jin yunwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Halin girmamawa ana kirkireshi ne da watanni 4, a wannan shekarun ne zaku iya fara yin aiki tare da dabbobi - koya musu tray da sauran umarni.
Mata sun fi horarwa, maza sun fi aminci ga mai shi, amma malalata. Munanan halayen halayen waɗannan dabbobi sun haɗa da naci. Idan dabbar tana son abu, zai nema kuma ya cimma burinta. Kusan ba zai yuwu a yaye dabba daga munanan halaye na wayon cizon ko tono kasa a cikin tukwanen fure, don haka yana da kyau a hanzarta hana ayyukan marasa kyau ga dabbar, da barin ta daga cikin keji, a bi kowane mataki na dabbar.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Little Honorik
Tunda girmamawa nau'ikan jinsuna ne, maza na waɗannan dabbobin ba zasu iya samun zuriya ba. Mata suna da haihuwa kuma suna da ikon samar da zuriya sau da yawa a shekara lokacin da aka haye su tare da kayan kwalliyar gama gari. Lokacin saduwa don girmamawa yana farawa a cikin bazara kuma ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Kusa da bazara, dabbobi sun faɗaɗa gonads sosai.
A cikin mata, madauki ya zama sananne - gefen ƙofar mafitsara, a cikin maza gwajin yana girma a wannan lokacin. Yin jima'i a cikin dabbobi yana da sauri. Namiji na iya bin mace, ko kuma ya kama ta a wuya, ya ja ta zuwa wani keɓaɓɓen wuri. Lokacin saduwa, macen na rawar sanyi, tana kokarin tserewa da gudu. Bayan saduwa, mata yawanci sukan balle bawo, ana iya ganin alamun hakora akan busassun, wannan shine al'ada kuma raunin mata zai yi saurin warkewa.
An haifi zuriyar watanni 1.5 bayan ɗaukar ciki. Kafin haihuwa, akan sanya mace mai ciki a wani kejin daban don kada namiji ya cutar da zuriyar. Litaya ɗaya ya ƙunshi daga toa 2-3an 2-3 zuwa 8 Kubiyoni ana haifuwarsu da farin gashi kwata-kwata kuma makaho ne. Ferananan ferrets suna girma da sauri sosai ta hanyar ciyar da madarar uwa. Kimanin kimanin wata ɗaya, ferrets sun fara cin nama.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: retan kwikwiyo na Ferret suna da dabi'a ta asali don bin jiki mai motsi. Kubiyoni, da zaran sun fara amincewa da ƙafafunsu da ƙarfi, sun fara bin mahaifiyarsu. Veniananan yara sun kasance a shirye don mating yana da watanni 6-7.
Abokan gaba na girmamawa
Hotuna: Yaya Honorik yake
Abokan gaba na girmamawa sun hada da:
- kerkeci;
- jackals;
- dawakai;
- lynx;
- karnuka;
- kuliyoyin daji;
- manyan macizai;
- gaggafa, shaho, tsuntsaye da sauran manyan tsuntsayen dabbobi.
Honoriki suna da hankali sosai kuma suna yin lamuran dabbobi, kuma ba safai suke faɗa cikin hannun masu farautar su ba. Yawancin lokaci, ƙwararan yara da tsofaffi, dabbobi marasa ƙarfi suna zama ganima daga masu farauta. Wadannan abokan gaba ba masu ban tsoro bane ga masu girmama gida, kodayake, girmama gidajen sau da yawa yana iya kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban.
Kamar:
- annobar masu cin nama;
- parvovirus shiga ciki;
- ciwon hauka;
Yawancin cututtuka ana iya yin rigakafin su ta hanyar ba dabba magungunan rigakafin da ake buƙata, da kuma ciyar da dabba abincin da ya dace. Idan dabbar ba ta da lafiya, ya zama wajibi a nemi likitan dabbobi wanda zai ba da magani daidai. Ba abin shawara ba ne ku bi da dabba a kanku, saboda wannan na iya haifar da sakamako mara tabbas.
Don hana cututtuka, yi ƙoƙari ku kula da dabbobinku, ku guji haɗuwa da dabbobin da ba su da lafiya, sau da yawa tsabtace kejin kuma shigar da iska inda dabbar take. Sau da yawa Ferrets suna samun fleas, kuma zaka iya kawar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ɗigo da shamfu waɗanda ake amfani dasu don kuliyoyi. Scratananan fashewa da ɓarna ba su da haɗari ga dabbobi, suna warkewa da sauri, kawai kuna buƙatar kallo don kada raunin ya yi zafi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Gida girmamawa
A cikin shekarun Soviet, ana girmama masu girmamawa a yankin ƙasarmu a gonakin dabbobi. A zamaninmu, saboda wahalar kiwo wadannan dabbobi, an tsayar da aikin girmama masu kiwo. Da fari dai, saboda gaskiyar cewa minkoki sun zama dabbobin da ba safai ba, kuma tunda yawan mink din na gab da halaka, ya fi muhimmanci a kiyaye yawan mink ɗin fiye da kiwon dabbobi marasa ƙoshin lafiya tare da kayan kwalliya don abubuwan gwaji.
Abu na biyu, keɓaɓɓiyar girmamawa ba ta da riba saboda gaskiyar cewa mazan da aka haifa ta irin wannan gicciyen ba sa iya haihuwa. Mata na haifar da 'ya'ya daga masarufin yau da kullun, amma ba koyaushe ana haihuwar zuriya cikin koshin lafiya ba. Honoriki, a zahiri, kawai cikakkiyar nasara ce ta masana kimiyyar Soviet. Masana kimiyya sun sami samfurin tare da kyakkyawa, fata mai daraja. Abin takaici, babu ma'ana a ci gaba da wannan gwajin.
A cikin duniyar zamani, waɗannan dabbobin kusan sun ɓace, kuma 'yan kasuwa galibi suna haɗuwa ta hanyar barin filaye na yau da kullun azaman girmamawa, ko cakuda nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu. Matsayin jinsin ferrets na gandun daji da sandunan gida ba abin damuwa bane. Matsayin jinsin Mink wani jinsi ne da ke gab da halaka. Honoriki bashi da matsayin kiyayewa tunda su jinsunan jinsuna ne. Don kiyaye yawan baƙin ƙarfe da minkoki, ya zama dole a dakatar da sare dazuzzuka, a cikin mahalli na dabbobi, don ƙirƙirar ƙarin wurare masu kariya da wuraren ajiya a cikin wuraren dabbobi.
Honorik dabba mai ban mamaki tare da kyakkyawan Jawo. Su dabbobi ne masu kyau, suna gane mai su kuma suna amsawa da horo. Abu ne mai sauki a kiyaye masu girmama girmamawa a gida, amma sayen hakikanin girmamawa ba abu ne mai sauki ba, saboda kadan ne daga cikin wadannan dabbobin suka rage, kuma kiwo na irin wannan nau'in ba a aiwatar da shi na dogon lokaci.
Ranar bugawa: 01/19/2020
Ranar sabuntawa: 03.10.2019 a 22:44
