Smilodon shine ɗayan nau'ikan kuliyoyin saber masu haƙori waɗanda suka mamaye duniya yayin wanzuwar tsohuwar kerkeci tare da thylacins. Abin takaici, a yau babu wani wakilin wannan nau'in da ya rayu. Irin wannan dabbar tana da takamaiman tsari kuma ba ta da girman gaske. Koyaya, yana da kyau a lura da cewa daga duk kuliyoyin saber, haƙoƙarin murmushin ne wanda aka ba shi mafi iko da jiki.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Smilodon
Smilodons sun kasance daga rdan wasa, ajin dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsarin masu farauta, dangin kyanwa, jinsin Smilodons. Wasu masana kimiyya suna kiran waɗannan kuliyoyin kakannin kai tsaye na damisa ta zamani. Masana kimiyya suna ɗaukar kakanninsu a matsayin 'yan tawaye. Su, kamar Smilodons, suna cikin kuliyoyin saber kuma sun zauna a duniya daga farkon Pliocene zuwa tsakiyar Pleistocene. Tarihin kakannin murmushi ya yadu a Arewacin Amurka, nahiyar Afirka, da Eurasia.
Masana kimiyya sun sha gudanar da binciken gano ragowar wadannan dabbobi a wadannan yankuna. Abubuwan tarihi na daɗaɗɗen tarihi sun shaida cewa kakannin kuliyoyin saber masu haƙori sun mamaye Arewacin Amurka kusan shekaru miliyan 4.5 da suka gabata. Yawancin archaeology sun kasance suna shaida gaskiyar cewa megantereons sun wanzu a duniya shekaru miliyan 3 da miliyan 2 da suka gabata.
Bidiyo: Smilodon
A yankin ƙasar Afirka ta zamani ta Kenya, an sami ragowar dabbar da ba a san ta ba, ta dukkan alamomin da suka dace da megantereon. Abin lura ne cewa wannan binciken ya nuna cewa ragowar dabbar tana da kimanin shekaru miliyan 7. Masana kimiyya sun bayyana nau'ikan murmushin murmushi, kowane ɗayansu yana da siffofi na musamman na waje da kuma mazauninsu.
Masana kimiyya sun sami nasarar tattara bayanai da yawa game da waɗannan wakilan kuliyoyin saber a yayin nazarin gandun dajin da gandun daji masu ɗimbin yawa na Los Angeles na zamani. Akwai manyan burbushin halittu a wurin, wanda yayi nasarar adana ragowar kuliyoyin da yawa. Masana ilmin namun daji sun danganta bacewar wannan nau'in tare da kaifi da karfi mai karfi a yanayin yanayi.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya Smilodon yayi kama
Bayyanar kyanwa takamaimai. Tsawon jikin ya kai mita 2.5-3. Manyan mutane na iya kaiwa mita 3.2 a tsayi. Tsayin jikin a bushe ya kai kimanin mita 1-1.2. Nauyin babban mutum daga kilo 70 zuwa 300 ne. Idan aka kwatanta da wakilan zamani na dangi, waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙarfi da girma, ƙarfi, haɓaka tsokoki. Smilodons yana da wasu siffofi na musamman na waje.
Hankula alamun waje:
- gajeren wutsiya;
- dogon canines da kaifi;
- m, wuyan murji;
- gabobi masu karfi.
Dogayen canines masu kaifi sune manyan sifofin dabbobi, wanda ba halarar kowace dabba ce ta zamani ba. Tsawonsu a cikin musamman manyan wakilan wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa santimita 25.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tushen wadannan dogayen dogaye masu kaifi an kafa masu zurfin gaske kuma sun isa zagayen kwanyar.
Koyaya, duk da bayyana ƙarfi da ƙarfi, sun kasance masu rauni. Sabili da haka, tare da taimakon su, kuliyoyi ba su iya cinyewa ta gefen babban abincin, ko babban kashi. Ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i ba. Maza ba su da girma sosai idan aka kwatanta da mata. Dabbobin suna da gajeru amma gaɓoɓi biyar masu ƙarfi sosai. Yatsun suna da kaifin farce.
Gajeren wutsiya, wanda tsawon sa bai wuce santimita 25 ba, bai ba su damar yin tsalle-tsalle na virtuoso ba, waɗanda ke halayyar kuliyoyin zamani. Jikin maharbin ya rufe da gajeriyar gashi. Sashin sama na jikin jikin ya yi duhu, galibi launin ruwan kasa ko mustard ne, an fentin ɓangaren ƙananan-fari, launin toka. Launi na iya zama iri ɗaya, ko kuma yana da ƙananan tabo ko ratsi a jiki.
A ina ne smlodon yake zama?
Hotuna: Smilodon a cikin yanayi
Asalin asalin garin kuliyoyin saber-hakori shine Arewacin Amurka. Koyaya, sun bazu sosai ba kawai a cikin nahiyar Amurka ba. An bayyana yawancin alumma da ke zaune a yankin Afirka da Eurasia. An zabi wuraren da aka bude tare da ciyayi marasa yawa a matsayin mazaunin kuliyoyi. Mazaunin dabbar ya yi kama da savannah na zamani.
Sau da yawa, a cikin mazaunin kuliyoyin saber-haƙori, akwai matattarar ruwa, saboda abin da mahautan suka kashe ƙishirwa da kama tarkon abincinsu. Ciyawar ta ba su masauki da wurin hutawa. Yankunan bude wurare da yawa sun rage damar farauta mai nasara. Kuma yankin mai karko ya ba da damar haɗuwa da yanayi, kuma, ba a lura da shi ba, don kusantar kusancin abincinku a lokacin farautar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don amfani da hankalinta, tana buƙatar buɗe bakinta digiri 120. Wakilai na zamani na dangi suna iya yin alfahari da buɗe baki na digiri 60 kawai.
A cikin kwarin kwari, dabbobi sukan huta kuma suyi wanka. Akwai jama'ar da za su iya zama a cikin tsaunuka har ma da tsaunukan tsaunuka, idan akwai wadataccen abinci a waɗannan yankuna. Dabbobin ba su dace da rayuwa cikin sanyi ba, yanayi mai wahala. A tsarin rayuwa tare da canjin yanayin canjin, mazaunin dabbobi a hankali ya ragu har sai sun mutu gaba daya.
Yanzu kun san inda tiger smlodon ya rayu. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.
Menene Smilodon ya ci?
Hotuna: Tiger murmushi
A dabi'ance, kyanwa saber mai haƙori ya kasance mai farauta, saboda haka, nama ya zama babban tushen abinci. Saboda gaskiyar cewa dogayen fankoki sun kasance masu rauni, suna kai hari ga wanda aka azabtar, murmushi nan da nan yayi amfani da su don sanyawa wanda ya cutar rauni. Lokacin da ta raunana kuma ta rasa ƙarfi, kuma ba za ta iya sake yin yaƙi da turjiya ba, kuli ta ƙwace ta ta makogwaro kuma kawai ta shake ta. Don kama abin da ya kamace, maharbin ya kafa kwanto. An gajerun kafafu masu ƙarfi sun ba da damar ɗaukar ƙaramar dabba a sauƙaƙe idan ana buƙatar farauta.
Lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya mutu, mai farautar bai raba gawar cikin sassa ba, amma kawai ya fizge naman daga sassan jiki masu sauki da kuma taushi. Wadanda kyanwar ta shafa yawancinsu ungulaye ne masu ciyawar ciyawar wancan lokacin.
Wanene ya farautar farautar
- bison;
- kaset;
- Rakuman Amurka;
- barewa;
- dawakai;
- rami
Kuliyoyi sukan yi farauta musamman manyan dabbobi, kamar su mammoths. A wannan halin, sun ware yara daga cikin garken sai suka kashe su. Wasu kafofin suna bayanin shari'ar hare-hare da Smilodons kan mutanen da. Koyaya, babu wata shaida da ta tabbatar da hakan. Mutane sun gina ramuka kwal don kama dabbobi da yawa. 'Yan damfara galibi suna ciyar da mutanen da aka kama a cikin su, kodayake su da kansu galibi suna zama masu fama da irin waɗannan tarko.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Sabretooth Smilodon
Cats masu hakora irin na Sabre a lokacin rayuwarsu ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan mahara masu tsanani da masu saurin haɗari. Farautar su kusan a koyaushe tana cin nasara, kuma, duk da haƙoransu masu rauni, sun sami sauƙin magance farautar su. A cewar masana kimiyyar dabbobi, baƙon abu ne ga Smilodon ya yi rayuwa shi kaɗai. Wataƙila, ya zauna cikin jaka.
Garkunan ba su da yawa sosai, suna da kamanceceniya da alfarmar zakokin zamani. Su, kamar wakilai na zamani na kuliyoyi masu cin nama, suna da ɗa ko manyan maza guda ɗaya a saman garken. Sauran kayan sune mata da yara. Mata kaɗai suka yi farauta kuma suka sami abincin garken. Mata suna yawan farauta cikin rukuni.
Kowane rukuni na kuliyoyi suna da yankinsu a ciki don kiwo da farauta. An kiyaye wannan yankin sosai daga wasu mahautan. Sau da yawa, idan wakilan wata ƙungiya, ko kuma wani mutum mai kaɗaici, suka yi ta yawo a cikin mazaunin, sai a yi faɗa mai ƙarfi, sakamakon haka wanda ya fi kishiya rauni yakan mutu. Maza kuma sun yi yaƙi don haƙƙin mallakin babban matsayi a cikin fakitin. Wasu mutane sun iya nuna fifiko, ƙarfi da ƙarfi tare da manyan ihu. Sau da yawa suna gasa a cikin tsawon canines. Wasu sun ja da baya, suna jin fifikon ƙarfi da ƙarfi na maƙiyi mai ƙarfi.
Dangane da bayanin masana kimiyya, akwai wasu mutane da ke jagorantar salon kadaici. Matan sun kasance cikin garkensu a tsawon rayuwarsu. Matan sun haɗu suna kula da zuriya, suna ciyarwa, suna koyar da dabarun farauta. Mazajen da aka haifa a cikin garken lokacin da suka balaga sun bar garken kuma sun yi rayuwa mai nisa. Sau da yawa, tare da wasu samari matasa, sun kafa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: saber-hakori damisa smlodon
Masana kimiyya ba su da isasshen bayani da za su iya bayyana dalla-dalla tsarin haihuwar. Zai yiwu, matan da suka manyanta mata sun haihu ba fiye da sau ɗaya a shekara ba. Ba'a iyakance lokacin zamantakewar aure da kowane yanayi ko yanayi ba. Lokacin balaga ya fara kimanin watanni 24-30 bayan haihuwa. Dabbobi ba su iya haihuwar dabbobi ba nan da nan bayan fara balaga. A cikin maza, balaga ya faru da yawa fiye da na mata. Femaleaya daga cikin manyan mata na iya haihuwa daga ɗaya zuwa uku, ƙasa da cuba foura huɗu. Haihuwar 'ya'ya an lura kusan sau ɗaya a kowace shekaru 4-6.
Dabbobin suna da ciki na kimanin watanni huɗu. A wannan lokacin, wasu mata suna kulawa da zakin ciki kuma sukan kawo mata abinci. A lokacin haihuwa, mace mace ta zaɓi mafi dacewa, keɓantaccen wuri kuma ta je can a lokacin da lokacin haihuwa ya yi. Bayan haihuwar 'ya'yan, a karo na farko sun ɓoye a cikin manyan duwatsu. Bayan ya sami strengtharfi, sai mace ta kawo su cikin garken.
Bugu da ari, duk mata sun shiga cikin kai tsaye a cikin tarbiyya da samar da abinci ga yara masu tasowa. Da suka kai shekara biyar zuwa shida, a hankali aka koya wa matasa farauta. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, matan sun shayar da yaransu da madararsu. A hankali, tare da shigar da nama a cikin abincin, thean kwando sun koya samun shi da kansu. Sau da yawa theasan sun zama ganima ga wasu, masu tsananin zalunci da ƙarfi, don haka yawan rayuwar zuriyar kuliyoyin saber masu haƙori ba ta da yawa.
Makiya na halitta
Hotuna: Yaya Smilodon yayi kama
A cikin mazauninsu, kuliyoyin saber ba su da abokan gaba. Wani hatsari a garesu yana iya wakiltar manyan jinsunan tsuntsaye, wanda, in babu tushen abinci, na iya kai hari ga kyanwa mai farauta. Koyaya, ba safai suka yi nasara ba. Hakanan, kyanwa mai sabar-hakora wani lokacin na iya zama ganima ta katuwar rago. A wannan lokacin, wasu daga cikin wadannan dabbobin sun kai girman karamin mamo, kuma wani lokacin suna son cin nama. Idan a wannan lokacin murmushi masu murmushi suna kusa, da zasu iya zama ganimar su.
Makiyan mahautan za a iya danganta su ga mutumin da ya farautar dabbobi ta hanyar amfani da tarko da ramin rami. Ba wai kawai tsarurruka da dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, har ma masu farauta sukan iya samun kansu a cikinsu. Masana kimiyya suna kiran dabbobin da kansu abokan gaba na kuliyoyin saber. Dabbobi da yawa sun mutu sakamakon nuna ƙarfi, ƙarfi, da gwagwarmayar neman matsayi, ko yanki mai fa'ida.
A cikin mazauninsu na asali, dabbobi suna da masu fafatawa. Wadannan sun hada da zakunan kogo, da kyarketai masu kifi, da manyan gora masu gajeriyar fuska, da kuma wasu maharan da ke zaune a yankunan da dabbobi ke rayuwa. Dukansu suna mai da hankali ne a Arewacin Amurka. A yankin kudancin nahiyar, da kuma tsakanin Eurasia da Afirka, dabbobin ba su da sauran masu gasa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Tiger murmushi
A yau, ana ɗaukar murmushi a matsayin nau'in dabbobin da ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Sun ɓace daga fuskar duniya shekaru 10,000 da suka wuce. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa kuma dalilai da yawa na halakarwa kuma cikakkun nau'ikan nau'in suna. Ofayan manyan dalilai shine canji mai mahimmanci kuma mai kaifi a cikin yanayin yanayi. Dabbobin kawai ba su da lokacin dacewa da irin waɗannan canje-canjen masu wahala kuma ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin sabon yanayin ba. Sakamakon canjin yanayi, wadatar abinci ta ragu sosai. Abu ne mai matukar wahala a gare su su sami abincinsu, gasa ta haɓaka.
Wani dalili kuma na bacewar jinsin shine canjin wurin zama, ciyayi, da kuma filaye da dabbobin gida na wancan lokacin. A cikin zamanin Ice Ice, flora ya kusan canzawa gaba ɗaya. Wannan ya haifar da mutuwar adadi mai yawa na herbivore. A lokaci guda, yawancin masu farauta suma sun mutu. Smilodon yana cikinsu. Ayyukan ɗan adam ba shi da tasiri a kan yawan masu farautar. Mutane suna farautar dabbobi, amma wannan bai kawo babbar illa ga yawan jama'ar da ke akwai a wancan lokacin ba.
Ta wannan hanyar, murmushi - Wannan mafarauci ne wanda ya bace shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Godiya ga dimbin burbushin halittu da kayan komputa na zamani, zane-zane, masana kimiyya suna da damar sake fasalin hoto da kamannin dabbobi. Bayyanar nau'in dabbobi da yawa dalili ne na yin tunani game da bukatar daukar kwararan matakai don kare nau'in dabbobin da ba su da yawa a halin yanzu. Dangane da theungiyar Associationasa ta Kariyar Dabbobi, a kowane awa 2-3, dabbobi iri biyu suna ɓacewa a doron kasa. An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa murmushin dabbobi dabbobi ne da basu da zuriyar kai tsaye tsakanin wakilan flora da fauna da ke duniya.
Ranar bugawa: 08/10/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/29/2019 a 17:56
