Mackerel

Mackerel - kifi, wanda sau da yawa bisa kuskure ake kira mackerel. Duk da cewa danginsu daya, wadannan wakilai biyu na dabbobin ruwa ba su da bambanci da juna. Ana nuna banbanci a cikin girma, bayyana, da halayya.

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hotuna: Mackerel

Mackerel (Scomberomorus) wakili ne na ajin makerere. Wannan rukunin ya hada da nau'in kifi sama da 50. Daga cikinsu akwai mashahurin tuna duniya, mackerel, mackerel. Duk kifin yana cikin ajin da aka gama haskakawa. Ana samun wakilanta a duk faɗin duniya, kuma ƙungiyar da kanta ana ɗaukarta mafi yawa dangane da yanayin jinsi da nau'ikan halittu.

Bidiyo: Mackerel

Wadannan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan kwalliya suna cikin jinsin halittu Scomberomorus:

• Ostiraliya (broadband). Ana samun sa a wuraren da koguna ke kwarara zuwa cikin teku. Babban yankin shi ne tafkunan Tekun Indiya;
• sarauniya. Gidan zama - ruwa mai zafi na Tekun Indiya da tsakiya da kudu maso yammacin Tekun Pacific;
• Malagasy (multiband). Yana zaune a kudu maso gabashin ruwan tekun Atlantika, haka kuma a yammacin ruwan Tekun Indiya;
• Jafananci (mai kyau hange). Irin wannan kifin yana rayuwa galibi a yankunan arewa maso yamma na Tekun Fasifik;
• Australiya (hange). Ana samun sa a gabashin ruwan Tekun Indiya, da kuma yammacin yankin Tekun Fasifik;
• Papuan. Yana zaune a cikin tsakiyar-yammacin ruwa na Tekun Fasifik;
• Sifeniyanci (hange) An samo shi a cikin Tekun Atlantika (sassan arewa maso yamma da tsakiyar yamma);
• Yaren Koriya An samo shi a cikin Indiya da Pacific (ruwan arewa maso yamma) tekuna;
• mai tsayi mai tsayi Yana zaune a cikin Tekun Indiya, da kuma a tsakiyar-yammacin ruwa na Pacific;
• bonito mai tabo. Mahalli - Tekun Arewa maso yamma na Tekun Fasifik, Tekun Indiya;
• monochrome (Californian). An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tsakiyar gabashin-Tekun Pacific;
• taguwar sarauta Wurin zama - ruwan yamma na Pacific, da kuma yankuna masu zafi na Tekun Indiya;
• sarauta. An samo shi a cikin ruwan Tekun Atlantika;
• Braziliya Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin Tekun Atlantika.

Kifi ya bambanta ba kawai a cikin mazauninsu (teku) ba, har ma a cikin zurfin. Misali, matsakaicin zurfin da aka samo mackerel ta Spain bai wuce mita 35-40 ba. A lokaci guda, ana samun mutanen Malagay a nesa na mita 200 daga saman ruwa. A waje, duk mackerels suna kama da juna. Differencesananan bambance-bambance a cikin girma suna haɗuwa da mazauni.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hotuna: Yaya mackerel take?

Har yanzu kuna tunanin cewa mackerel da mackerel suna kama da kamanni? Wannan sam sam ba haka bane.

Abubuwan da keɓaɓɓun siffofin mackerel sune:

• girma. Pisces sun fi girma fiye da takwarorinsu. Jikinsu yana da tsayi kuma yana da sifar fusiform. Wutsiya sirara ce;
• kai. Ba kamar mackerel ba, mackerels suna da gajarta da kaifin kai;
• muƙamuƙi Mackerels suna da muƙamuƙi mai ƙarfi. Yanayi ya basu kyautuka masu ƙarfi da manyan hakora uku-uku, godiya ga abin da ake farautar kifi da shi;
• launi. Babban fasalin mackerel shine kasancewar tabo. Haka kuma, tsayin manyan ratsi ya fi na mackerels tsayi. Jikin kanta fentin yake a cikin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.

Wakilan wannan ajin zasu iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 60 (har ma da ƙari). Wadannan kifin sun fi kiba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Matasan mackerels basu fi girma girma ba. Koyaya, masun basu kama su ba. Wannan saboda yawan wadatattun jinsin - babu buƙatar kama samari.

Har ila yau, Mackerel yana da fika-fikai biyu na baya da kuma kananan fincin jiki. Finsun ƙashin ƙugu suna kusa da kirji. Wutsiya tana da fadi, ta bambanta a sifa. Ma'aunan wakilan mackerel suna da ƙanana kuma kusan ba a iya gani. Girman ma'aunin yana ƙaruwa zuwa kai. Babban fasalin waɗannan kifin shine zoben bony da ke kewaye da idanu (na kowa ne ga wakilan aji).

Ina mackerel ke zama?

Photo: Mackerel kifi

Wurin zama na masu kama da mackerel ya banbanta.

Akwai kifi a cikin ruwa:

• Tekun Indiya ita ce ta uku mafi girma a duniya. Wanke Asiya, Afirka, Ostiraliya, da kuma iyakokin Antarctica. Koyaya, ana samun mackerel a cikin ruwan Ostiraliya da Asiya kawai. Anan tana zaune a zurfin mita 100;
• Tekun Fasifik shi ne tekun farko a yankin da ya raba ruwansa tsakanin Australia, Eurasia, Antarctica da America (Arewa da Kudu). Ana samun makare a yamma, kudu maso yamma, arewa maso yamma, da kuma gabashin teku. Matsakaicin zurfin rayuwa a waɗannan yankuna mita 150;
• Tekun Atlantika shine ruwa na biyu mafi girma a Duniya. Akwai tsakanin Spain, Afirka, Turai, Greenland, Antarctica, Amurka (Arewa da Kudu). Ga mackerel mai rai ya zaɓi ɓangarorin yamma, arewa maso yamma, kudu maso gabas; Matsakaicin tazarar daga farfajiyar ruwa zuwa mazaunin kifi mita 200 ne.

Wakilan Scomberomorus suna jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali, wurare masu zafi, raƙuman ruwa. Ba sa son jikin ruwan sanyi, wanda ke bayanin irin wannan mazaunin. Kuna iya haɗuwa da mackerel a kusa da Saint Helena, gabar Amurka, a Tekun Fasiya, Kogin Suez da ƙari. Kowane yanki yana da nau'ikansa.

Yanzu kun san inda ake samun mackerel. Bari mu ga abin da kifin mai farauta ke ci.

Menene mackerel ke ci?

Hotuna: Sarki mackerel

Duk membobin aji na mackerel masu farauta ne ta ɗabi'ar su. Godiya ga ruwa mai kyau na manyan tekuna, ba dole ne kifi ya yunwa ba. Abincin su ya banbanta.

Bugu da ƙari, manyan abubuwan da aka haɗa sune:

• Yankun yashi ƙananan ƙananan kifi ne na dangin eel. A waje, suna kama da macizai. Suna ɓoye rabi a cikin yashi, suna ɓoye kansu kamar algae. Ana ɗaukar su sauƙin ganima ga mackerels, saboda mafi yawan lokutansu ana binne kifin ne, wanda ke nufin ba su da ikon hanzarta buya daga mai farauta;
• cephalopods wakilan mollusc ne wanda ke da alaƙa da haɗin kai da adadi mai yawa (8-10) na tanti wanda ke kusa da kai. Wannan karamin rukuni ya hada da dorinar ruwa, kifin kifi, da nau'ikan squid. A lokaci guda, ba duk wakilan mollusks suke cikin abinci na mollusks ba, amma ƙananan mutane ne kawai;
• crustaceans sune cututtukan fata waɗanda aka rufe su da bawo. Shrimp and crayfish sune “abincin” da aka fi so da mackerel. Suna ciyar da kifi da sauran membobin aji;
• kifin bakin teku - kifi da ke rayuwa a sassan gabar teku. An ba da fifiko ga mackerel ga nau'in ganyayyaki, wanda aka haɗa a cikin aji mai ƙwanƙwasawa, da soyayyar wasu mutane.

Mackerel baya kiyaye yanayin abinci mai mahimmanci. Siffar su kawai a wannan batun shine kusan ƙin abinci a cikin hunturu. Kifayen suna da wadatattun wuraren ajiyar da suke samarwa kansu lokacin watannin dumi. A lokacin hunturu, wakilan mackerel, bisa ƙa'ida, suna motsa kaɗan kuma suna tafiyar da salon rayuwa mai saurin wucewa. Mackerel shoals farauta. Suna haɗuwa a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi, suna yin wani irin kasko, wanda suke tura ƙananan kifi a ciki. Bayan an kama wanda aka azabtar, ɗayan makarantar sun fara tashi a hankali zuwa saman ruwa, inda ake cin abincin kansa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mackerels suna da yawan annashuwa don suna ganin farauta cikin komai. Saboda wannan, har ma kuna iya kama su a ƙugiya mara komai a wasu yankuna.

Don haka, ana ciyar da duk mackerel. Kuna iya ganin wurin 'abincin rana' kayan masaru daga nesa. Dolphins galibi suna iyo a kusa da makarantar mai fama da yunwa, kuma dullunan ruwa ma suna tashi.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Hotuna: Shuɗi mai launin shuɗi

Mackerels sune kifin da aka saba samu a yawancin sassan teku mafi girma. Suna kuma iyo a cikin teku (gami da Bahar Maliya). Ana samun su ba kawai a cikin zurfin zurfi ba, amma kuma a kusancin su da bakin teku. Wannan masunta da yawa suna amfani da shi waɗanda ke kama ganima tare da layi. Duk wakilan mackerel suna cikin nau'ikan ƙaura masu ƙaura. Sun fi son zama a cikin ruwan dumi (daga digiri 8 zuwa 20). Dangane da wannan, akwai buƙata koyaushe canza wurin zama.

Wannan bai shafi mutanen da ke zaune a cikin ruwan Tekun Indiya kawai ba. Zafin ruwan da ke nan ya dace da rayuwa shekara-shekara. Mackerels na Atlantic suna yin ƙaura zuwa Bahar Maki don hunturu, har zuwa ruwan bakin Turai. A lokaci guda, mackerel a zahiri ba ya kasancewa don hunturu a gabar tekun Turkiyya. A lokacin hunturu, kifayen suna wuce gona da iri kuma suna nuna yanayin ciyarwa. Kusan ba sa ciyarwa kuma suna ajiyewa gaba ɗaya a kan gangaren nahiyoyin duniya. Sun fara komawa 'yankunansu na asali tare da shigowar bazara.

A lokacin watanni masu zafi, Scomberomorus yana aiki sosai. Ba sa zama a ƙasan. Mackerels ƙwararrun masu iyo ne kuma suna da tabbaci a cikin yanayin ruwa. Babban fasalin su a motsi shine jujjuyawar jujjuyawar motsi da gujewa guguwar iska. Saurin saurin kifin nisan kilomita 20-30 ne a kowace awa. A lokaci guda, yayin kama farauta, kifin na iya kaiwa kilomita 80 a awa guda cikin sakan 2 kawai (lokacin yin jifa). Zai yiwu wannan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar adadi mai yawa na fika-fikai masu girma dabam dabam.

Saurin motsi da sauri ake samu saboda rashin mafitsara da keɓaɓɓiyar sifa mai siffa. Kifayen suna ƙoƙarin riƙe makarantu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan masu farautar da ke farautar su. Kari akan haka, ya fi sauki a gama ganima a garken tumaki. Mackerels suna rayuwa kadai da wuya.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Photo: Mackerel kifi

Ikon haihuwar zuriya ya bayyana ne a cikin mackerels kawai a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Spawning yana faruwa kowace shekara. Zai yiwu har tsufan kifi ya tsufa sosai (shekaru 18-20).

Lokacin haɓakawa ya dogara da shekarun mackerel:

• ƙananan kifi - ƙarshen Yuni ko farkon Yuli;
• balagagge mutane - tsakiyar bazara (bayan sun dawo daga hunturu).

Ana jujjuya Caviar da kayan masaru a cikin ɓangarorin da ke gabar ruwan tafkin. Wannan aikin yana faruwa a duk tsawon lokacin bazara-bazara. Kifi na da 'ya'ya sosai kuma yana iya barin ƙwai har zuwa rabin miliyan. Suna mafarkin su a cikin zurfin (mita 150-200). Faɗin farko na ƙwai bai wuce milimita ba. Dropigon kitse yana zama abinci ga sabon zuriya, wanda aka bashi kowace kwai. Larananan larvae sun bayyana tsakanin kwanaki 3-4 bayan haihuwa. Fry samuwar yana ɗauka daga sati 1 zuwa 3. Lokacin samuwar kifi ya dogara da mazauninsu, yanayi mai dadi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A yayin samuwar su, tsutsar mackerel na iya cin junan su. Wannan ya faru ne saboda irin tsananin tsokanar da suke yi da kuma yawan cin nama.

Sakamakon soyayyen ƙananan ne a cikin girman. Tsawon su bai wuce 'yan santimita kaɗan ba. Individualsananan samari na mackerel kusan kusan haɗuwa cikin garken tumaki. Sabuwar gasa mackerel tana girma cikin sauri. Bayan 'yan watanni (a kaka) suna wakiltar manyan kifi masu tsayin santimita 30. Bayan kai wa ga irin wannan girman, an lura da ci gaban ƙuruciya da yara.

Abokan gaba na mackerel

Hotuna: Yaya mackerel take?

A cikin yanayin mahalli, mackerels suna da abokan gaba. Ana farautar farauta mai kifin mai:

• Whales dabbobi masu shayarwa ne da ke rayuwa musamman a cikin ruwan teku. Saboda yawaitar jikinsu, tsarin jikinsu, cetaceans suna iya haɗiye ƙungiyoyi har ma da makarantu na makala a lokaci ɗaya. Duk da ikonsu na motsawa cikin sauri, wakilan mackerel ba safai suke iya ɓoyewa daga whales ba;
• sharks da dabbobin ruwa. Abin ban mamaki, mackerel farauta ba kawai mafi munin wakilai na dabbobin ruwa ba, har ma da dabbobin "mara lahani". Dukkanin nau'ikan kifin suna farautar duka a tsakiyar ruwan da kuma samansa. Biɗan garken mackerel ba safai ba ne. Dabbobin ruwa da kifayen kifin kifayen kifayen sun sami kansu a wurin hada-hadar mackerel kwatsam;
• pelicans da teku. Tsuntsaye suna gudanar da abinci tare da mackerel kawai a wani yanayi - idan su da kansu suka tashi don cin abincin rana a saman ruwa. Tsallakewar mackerel bayan farauta sau da yawa yakan samar da duwawu na kafafu ko gemun pelicans da gull da ke tashi sama;
• zakunan teku. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da matukar amfani. Suna buƙatar kama kusan kilogram 20 na kifi a cikin tafiya ɗaya ta kamun kifi don su sami isasshen abinci. Don cin abincin dare mai kyau, mackerels sune mafi kyawun dacewa, motsi cikin ruwa cikin garken tumaki.

Bugu da kari, mutum babban makiyi ne na dukkan mackerel. A duk faɗin duniya, akwai kamun kifin mai ɗauke da mutanen wannan nau'in don ƙarin sayarwar su. Naman kifin sananne ne saboda kyawawan halaye da dandano. Ana farautar farauta daga farkon bazara zuwa farkon yanayin sanyi. An kama Mackerel da sandar kamun kifi da kuma raga. Kamawar mutane na shekara a bakin tekun Turai kusan tan 55 ne. Wannan nau'in kifin ana masa kallon kasuwanci. Ana kawo Mackerel zuwa shagunan kayan da aka shirya (kyafaffen / gishiri) da kuma sanyaya.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Hotuna: Mackerel

Mackerel nau'ikan mackerel ne da ya saba zama a cikin teku a lokaci guda. Yawancin mutane ba sa fuskantar koma baya ga yawan su. Kama kifin da ake yi galibi ne daga manyan kifaye. Yawancin soya suna rufe iyayen da aka kama. A cikin muhallinsu, kifi na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. Sun rayu a cikin rayuwarsu duka (daga shekaru biyu). Duk da wannan, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, don dalilai na rigakafi, an hana kama kifin waɗannan kifin. A lokaci guda, yin kifi daga bakin teku ko daga jirgin ruwa / jirgin ruwa ya zama da wuya.

Wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan mackerel ne kawai suka sami ragin sananne. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan shine mackerel na California (ko monochromatic). Saboda tsananin kamun kifi da lalacewar yanayin yanayi, adadin wakilan wannan rukuni ya ragu sosai fiye da sauran. Dangane da wannan, an sanya nau'ikan nau'ikan Matsayin rauni. Koyaya, wannan kifin ba a cikin littafin Ja. Mafi karancin sa'a ita ce mackerel ta masarauta, wacce yawanta ya ragu matuka a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, saboda yawan farauta da son masunta su kama manyan kifaye. Saboda raguwar yawan mutane daga wannan nau'in, an hana kamun kifi a kasashe da yawa. Wakilan masarautar suna karkashin kulawar musamman ta masanan dabbobi.

Mackerel abokan aiki ne, suna kama da su kawai a cikin wasu sifofi. Wadannan kifin ma suna fuskantar girbi mai yawa, amma ba koyaushe suke iya ɗaukar asara tare da sabbin offspringa offspringa ba. A yanzu haka, yawansu ya riga ya ragu, wanda ke nuni da buƙatar tsananin iko da ƙin kama waɗannan mutane a duk yankuna mazauninsu. Duk da haka, aiwatar da irin waɗannan matakan ba zai yiwu ba da ewa ba, saboda Mackerel wani bangare ne na masana'antar kamun kifi. Ana girmama su sosai a kasuwanni don abubuwan amfani da dandano.

Ranar bugawa: 26.07.2019

Ranar sabuntawa: 09/29/2019 da 21:01

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