Gwataran Pygmy - mai shafar ƙafafun mai ɗaure rabin-kunnuwa. Wannan nau'in dabba na jinsi ne mai irin wannan sunan na dwarf antelopes. Sunan kimiyya na kasa da kasa na mafi karancin duwawu, mafi karancin dabbobi da dabbobi a duniya, wanda Carl Linnaeus ya bayar, shine Neotragus pygmaeus.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Dwarf dabbar daji
Kalmar farko daga sunan mai suna Neotragus ta kunshi sassa biyu, wadanda za a iya fassara su a matsayin "sabuwar akuya", takamaiman sunan kuma yana nuna kankanin girman mai shayarwa kuma an fassara shi a matsayin "karamin dunkulallen hannu". Wannan artiodactyl yana da wasu sunaye; ƙabilun yankin sun ba shi sunan ɗankin masarauta. Wannan ɗan kasuwa Boseman ne ya fara ba da rahoton wannan, wanda ya shiga cikin Kamfanin Yammacin Indiya, (a cikin Tsohon Turanci, kalmomin barewa da sarki suna da daɗi). Hakanan, abin da ake kira Antilope regia shima yana da suna - Capra pygmaea, a Jamusanci ana kiran jaririn kleinstböckhen.
Bidiyo: Pygmy dabbar daji
Masanin kimiyyar dabbobin nan na Jamus Simon Pallas ya bayyana nau'ikan halittu biyu na dwarf antelopes, Tragulus pygmaeus da Antilope pygmaea, amma da aka yi kusa da nazarin kwayar halittar sai ya gano cewa dukkansu na N. pygmaeus ne. Rukunin dangi na dabbobin daji ya kasu kashi biyu na jinsi takwas da jinsi goma sha huɗu, amma wannan rarrabuwa yana da sabani sosai, tunda bayyanar da salon rayuwar wasu daga cikinsu suna da kamanceceniya.
Jinsi na pygmy antelopes yana da nau'ikan da yawa tare da asalin asali, waɗannan sune:
- dorcatragus (beira);
- ourebia (oribi);
- madoqua (dict);
- oreotragus (shirye-shiryen bidiyo);
- bangarorin bango.
Duk waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙanana da jiki, rayuwa ta sirri, ana samun su a yankuna daban-daban na Afirka. Hakanan, kakannin kakanni na pygmy antelope ba wai kawai tare da masu yin kilifi da duikers ba ne, amma har ma da wakilan gidan gidan Cephalophinae.
Wannan artiodactyl yana da ƙarancin nasaba da sauran jarirai, kamar: Sunya (N. moschatus) da Bates antelopes (N. batesi), waɗanda ke rayuwa a wasu yankuna na nahiyar Afirka. Suna kama da takwarorinsu na Asiya - tragul mouse deer. Dabbar pygmy tana da bakin bakin da ya fi tsuttsirin Bates, kuma leɓuna sun fi faɗi, kodayake bakin ya fi ƙanƙanta, an daidaita su don cin ganye.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya irin ɓarnar dabbar kama
Wannan karamin abin mamakin, mai kafafuwa biyu na artiodactyl a busasshiyar kafa daya ne kawai kwata daya, tare da kansa bai fi rabin mita ba. Nauyin dabbar dwarf bai wuce kilogiram uku ba, galibi kusan 2 - 2.5. Kafafun dabba siriri ne, sirara, kyawawa. Kawai kawunan maza ne ake kawata su da baki mai kamannin mazugi, kaho mai santsi, tsawon su yakai cm 2 - 2.5. Suna dan lankwasa baya. Akwai kauri kamar na abin nadi a ƙasan ƙahonin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: legsafafun gaban goshin sarauta sun fi na baya baya biyu, saboda haka zanen silhouette yana ba da ra'ayi cewa a koyaushe suna karkata zuwa ƙasa, wanda ke sa dabbar ta zama kwatankwacin zomo, duka a yanayin jiki da girmanta.
Gashi mai laushi ne, launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja ko na zinariya. A tsakiyar kai da baya, inuwar rigar tana da ɗan duhu fiye da babba. Farawa daga ƙugu, zuwa maƙogwaro da ciki, tare da gefen ciki na ƙafafun akwai launi mai launi, amma a tsakiyar kirji ya rabu da launin ruwan kasa "abin wuya", yana yin farin "gaban riga" a saman maƙogwaron. Hakanan, tarin gashi a ƙarshen wutsiya fari ne. Wutsiyar siriri ce, tsawonta ya kai santimita takwas.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin dabbar dabbar kamalar mata, mata sun fi na maza girma, kuma theira theiran su na iya dacewa da tafin hannun mutum.
Idanun bebin jariri zagaye ne, manya ne, launuka ne masu duhu. Kunnuwa masu translucent ne da kanana. Rhinarius na hanci yana da fadi, ba tare da gashi ba, hoda mai ruwan hoda.
A ina ne dabbar dabbar daji take rayuwa?
Photo: Abun daji irin na Afirka
Karamin artiodactyl a cikin dabbobin duniya yana rayuwa ne a gandun dazuzzuka na Yammacin Afirka a cikin:
- Guinea;
- Ghana;
- Laberiya;
- Saliyo;
- Cote d'Ivoire.
Dabbar tana son wurare masu kauri mai yawa na shrubs da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Gidan zama ya faro ne daga gangaren tsaunukan Koununkan da ke kudu maso yammacin Guinea. Bugu da ari, yankin ya kame Saliyo, Liberia, ta hanyar Cote d'Ivoire, har ya kai ga gabar Volta a Ghana. Ana samun dawakai na sarki a wasu yankuna na arewa. A can ana samun su a kan iyakar yankin daji da savannahs. Waɗannan wurare ne inda akwai ciyayi masu dacewa da ƙananan dabbobi masu ɓoyewa don ɓoyewa da ciyar dasu. Har yanzu, waɗannan dabbobin sun fi son filayen danshi da dumi mai dumi; waɗannan ma na iya zama gandun daji na biyu.
Wadannan jariran da basu da kariya suna bukatar ciyayi mai yawa domin su iya boyewa daga makiya. Zasu iya zama a wuraren da ake yin ciyawar duk da hatsarin kamawa ko kuma mafarauta suka harbe su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu ƙananan nau'ikan dabbobin dabbar, misali, N. hemprichii, suna zaune a Abyssinia. Yanayin can ba shi da danshi sosai kuma yara kanana sun gwammace su zauna kan gangaren ramuka, inda ruwa ke taruwa bayan ruwan sama, da kuma daskararrun lemun madara, bishiyoyin ƙaya da mimosas suna ba da mafaka da abinci.
Yanzu kun san inda dabbar dabbar take zaune. Bari muga me zata ci.
Menene dabbar dabbar daji ta ci?
Photo: Dwarf dabbar daji a cikin yanayi
Wannan dabba mai shayarwa, kamar sauran kayan kere-kere, itace herbivore. Ya fi son sabo ciyawa, ganyaye da tsire-tsire shrub, furanni. Teananan dabbar daji za ta haɗa da fruitsa fruitsan jua tropan tropan ruwa masu zafi a cikin abincin sa: fruitsa fruitsan itace da berriesa berriesan berriesa asa, da kuma namomin kaza.
Saboda yawan danshi a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi na kudu maso yammacin Afirka, duk tsire-tsire suna dauke da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da yawa, suna cin su, kifin masarauta baya jin ƙishirwa, sabili da haka baya buƙatar tushen ruwa kuma baya neman wuraren shayarwa.
Tsokokin kuncin pygmy antelope ba su da ƙarfi sosai kamar yadda yake a cikin wasu, har ma da ƙananan alaƙa masu alaƙa, alal misali, dabbar Bates, kodayake wannan ƙaramin ba shi da girma sosai. Waɗannan sifofin tsarin, kazalika da ƙaramin bakin, ba su ƙyale jarirai masu ƙafafun ƙafafu su ci ƙananan harbe. Amma dabi'a ta kula da waɗannan dabbobin, tare da saka musu da madaidaicin bakin bakin, da lebe mai faɗi, wanda da shi zaku iya ɗaukar samarin ƙananan bishiyoyi a cikin katako mai yawa.
Don neman wurare mafi kyau tare da sabbin hanyoyin abinci, waɗannan bovids na iya motsawa zuwa sabbin yankuna, amma tunda a cikin yankuna masu zafi, tsarin ci gaban shuke-shuke yana ci gaba cikin sauri, jarirai ba sa yin doguwar tafiya, ƙananan motsi ne kawai a cikin yankin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Dwarf anguwar goshi
Neotragus pygmaeus sirri ne sosai. Wannan ya dace, tunda dabbar tana da girma a jiki, ba zata iya motsawa da sauri ba, idan aka kwatantashi da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa, hakanan bashi da wata hanyar kariya: kaho mai karfi ko kofato. Amma waɗannan jariran sun koyi ɓoyewa sosai a cikin babbar shuke-shuke na wurare masu zafi tsakanin ciyawa da daji.
Yankin da dusar ƙwari take zaune, la'akari da shi nasu, bai wuce murabba'in mita ɗari ba. Girman yankin da aka mamaye ana iya yin hukunci da shi da tarin taki. Suna motsawa tare dashi don neman abinci, galibi galibi da yamma ko wayewar gari. Dabbar na hutawa da rana, tana ɓoyewa a ƙarƙashin mamayar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba kamar yawancin masana kimiyya ba, masanin kimiyyar dabbobi Jonathan Kingdon ya yi iƙirarin cewa daddawa tana ciyarwa da rana da kuma cikin lokutan duhu na yini.
Ba a fahimci halaye da halaye na dwarf antelopes sosai, suna da kunya sosai. A wata 'yar barazanar, suna tsugunne a cikin ciyawa mai kauri, suna daskarewa don kada a gan su. Idan abokan gaba suka matso kusa, waɗannan jariran suna tsalle suna rugawa kai tsaye ta cikin dajin.
Dwarf artiodactyls suna gudana tare da ƙananan jiki, kuma don tsalle masu tsayi suna amfani da ƙafafun bayan tsoka mai ƙarfi. Bayan sun gamu da cikas a kan hanya, sai suka shawo kanta da tsalle sama, kuma don su rikitar da masu bin, suna yin zigzag yana jefawa gefe yayin da suke gudu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tare da karamin tsayi, wanda bai kai rabin mita ba, dabbar dabbar tana da damar tsalle mai kyau. Tsayin tsalle ya kai fiye da rabin mita sama da matakin ƙasa, yayin da tsayin dabba ya shawo kan nesa da kusan mita uku.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoton: Bishiyar pygmy
Tsuntsayen jarirai suna auren mace daya, amma kuma akwai batun auren mata fiye da daya. Don yiwa ƙasa alama, bovids suna da gland na preorbital. Ba su da ci gaba sosai, amma dabbobi suna yin alama ga wuraren zamansu da ƙanshin su, suna shafawa a jikin kututtukan shuke-shuke, sannan kuma suna yiwa yankin alama da najasa. Dabbobi ba sa taruwa a cikin garken shanu, sau da yawa sukan zauna ne bibbiyu, kodayake mata sun fi son hanyar rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Tunda dabbar tana da kunya sosai kuma tana tafiyar da rayuwar asirce, lokutan rutting da lokutan ciki ba su san masanan ba, amma ana ɗauka cewa cikin yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni shida. 'Ya'yan waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna bayyana sau ɗaya a shekara. Ana saki mata daga nauyi a ƙarshen kaka da farkon hunturu na Afirka. Anan, a kudu maso yamma na Afirka ta yamma, canjin yanayi kusan ba a iya gani, kuma kawai ana iya yin alama ta kalanda, waɗannan su ne watannin Nuwamba-Disamba.
Litter na ɗauke da mutum ɗaya koyaushe. Nauyin jarirai sabbin haihuwa yakai gram 300-400, suna da rauni sosai, ba sau da yawa, tsofaffi kuma mata masu girma suna haihuwar jariran da nauyinsu yakai gram 500-800. Jawo mai taushi na jarirai daidai yake da launin manya. Jariri kimanin watanni biyu, suna shayar da nonon uwa, a hankali suna komawa makiyaya.
Wata shida bayan haihuwa, tsohuwar dabbar ta balaga. Ana iya ganin dabbobin Pygmy suna kiwo a ƙananan ƙungiyoyin dangi, tare da yara, yara masu tasowa waɗanda ba su yi aure ba tukuna. A matsakaita, tsawon rai a cikin daji an kiyasta shi zuwa shekaru 5-6; a cikin bauta, dabbobi suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 2-3.
Abokan gaba na dabbar dabbar dabba
Photo: pyananan dabbar dabbar dabba
Ga irin waɗannan jariran, duk wani mai farauta na iya zama mai haɗari. Waɗannan na iya zama manyan wakilan dangi: damisa ko damisa, waɗanda za su iya riskar waɗannan dabbobin cikin sauƙin ko kallonsu, suna ɓoye a cikin ciyawar ciyayi.
Jaki da kuraye kuma suna kai hari ga dabbobin dabbar, musamman a yankunan da ke kan iyakar savannahs. Koda manyan bishiyoyi wadanda basa cin abincin shuka kawai, amma suna iya farautar kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, suna iya kama wadannan kayan fasahar.
Tsuntsayen ganima suma abokan gaba ne na masarautar masarauta, amma basu haifar da wata babbar barazana ba. Yana da wahala a gare su su farautar wayoyin hannu da kuma taka tsantsan a cikin manyan bishiyoyi, a cikin ciyawar ciyawa da daji. Ana iya tsammanin babban haɗari daga manyan macizai masu dafi da ƙira, waɗanda ke iya haɗiye ƙananan dabbobinsu gaba ɗaya.
Babban barazanar da ke tattare da wannan nau'in na rashin kulawa a wasu yankuna na mazaunin sa mutane ke wakilta, tunda sune abin farauta. Dabbobi masu shayarwa galibi sukan faɗa cikin tarkunan da aka sanya ma sauran dabbobi.
Gaskiya mai dadi: Ana sayar da gawarwaki 1,200 na wadannan dabbobin da ba su da kariya a kowace shekara a kasuwannin Kumasi da ke Ghana.
A Saliyo, ba a farautar fararen kayan fasaha ba, amma suna fada cikin tarko ne ga dukka, kodayake akwai lokuta idan aka harbe su da bindiga. A Cote d'Ivoire, waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da babban adadin naman daji da aka samar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Amma ba ko'ina bane dabbar dabbar dabba ta zama ganimar mafarauta. A cikin Laberiya, tsakanin mazaunan wasu kabilu, ana ɗaukar wannan dabbar a matsayin halayen mugaye kuma farautarta haramun ne.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya irin ɓarnar dabbar kama
Abun daji irin na pygmy ya kasance sananne ga Upper Guinea kuma ana samun sa a cikin Ivory Coast, Ghana da Saliyo. A Ghana, gabashin Kogin Volta, ba a sami wannan dabbar ba ko kuma ba ta da yawa. Gabaɗaya, yawan mutane zuwa 2000 sun kai mutane 62,000, amma wannan ba cikakkun bayanai bane, tunda salon ɓoye ba zai bada damar yin cikakken bincike game da halin da dabbobin ke ciki ba. An samo bayanan ne ta hanyar sake kirga yankin muhallin da kuma karin adadin da ya kai 0.2-2.0 a kowace murabba'in kilomita.
A cewar Unionungiyar forungiyar forasa ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi da Albarkatun Kasa, amincin wannan nau'in ba ya haifar da damuwa. Amma ana farautar kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa a wasu yankuna na mazauninsu, wanda hakan na iya zama barazana ga kiyaye lambobi. Hakanan, taƙaita wuraren da suka dace da rayuwar wannan dabba, faɗaɗa ƙasar noma, gina birane mummunan tasiri ga yawan jama'a.
Masana sunyi imanin cewa wannan nau'in yana raguwa a hankali. Kamar yadda ayyukan ɗan adam da matsin lamba masu alaƙa da mazaunan ƙasa da namun daji ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa akan yawancin kewayon ƙaramar ungula. Amma har ya zuwa yanzu babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa ƙimar da aka samu ta kusa kusan isa bakin ƙofa don barazanar da ake ciki.
Abubuwan adanawa da wuraren kariya suna ba da izinin adanawa da haɓaka adadin dabbobin ɓarnar a cikin waɗannan yankuna:
- a Côte d'Ivoire, Tai National Park, Mabi Yaya Gandun Daji;
- a Guinea, wurin ajiyar yanayi ne na Dike da kuma kewayen Ziama;
- a Ghana, Assin-Attandazo da Kakum National Parks;
- a Saliyo, yankin kiyaye gandun dajin Gola.
Gwataran Pygmy, kodayake ana wakiltar shi a cikin fauna na Afirka a cikin adadi mai yawa, amma har yanzu yana buƙatar halin kulawa da kansa daga mutum. Don wannan, ya zama dole a kiyaye waɗannan tsarurruka daga masu farauta, da kuma gandun daji daga sarewa. Rayuwar wannan dabba a yanzu ta dogara da gaskiyar cewa an samar mata da yanayi mai kyau a gandun dajin Ghana da Ivory Coast.
Ranar bugawa: 07/24/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/29/2019 da 19:49
