Tsuntsun Dodo ko dodo na Mauriti, ɗayan mafi ban al'ajabi da ban sha'awa wakilan tsuntsayen da suka taɓa rayuwa a Duniya. Dodo na Mauritius ya sami nasarar wanzuwa a zamanin da kuma ya rayu har zuwa zamaninmu, har sai ya yi karo da babban abokin gaba na dukkan dabbobi da tsuntsaye, da mutum. Wakilai na ƙarshe na wannan tsuntsu na musamman sun mutu fiye da ƙarni uku da suka gabata, amma sa'a yawancin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da rayuwarsu sun wanzu har zuwa yau.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Dodo tsuntsu
Babu cikakken bayani game da asalin tsuntsun dodo, amma masana kimiyya suna da tabbacin cewa dodo din na Mauritaniya shine kakannin tsohuwar tattabarar da ta taɓa sauka a tsibirin Mauritius.
Duk da manyan bambance-bambance a cikin bayyanar tsuntsu mai dodo da kurciya, tsuntsayen suna da halaye na gama gari, kamar su:
- wurare masu tsirara a kusa da fatar idanun, suna kaiwa gindin baki;
- takamaiman tsari na kafafu;
- rashin kashi na musamman (amai) a kwanyar;
- kasancewar wani ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangare na esophagus.
Bayan samun isassun yanayi na zama da haifuwa a tsibirin, tsuntsayen sun zama mazaunan yankin na dindindin. Bayan haka, rayuwa sama da shekaru dari da yawa, tsuntsayen sun canza, sun kara girma kuma sun manta yadda ake tashi. Yana da wuya a ce karnoni nawa tsuntsun dodo ya wanzu cikin lumana a mazauninsa, amma ambatonsa na farko ya bayyana ne a shekarar 1598, lokacin da jiragen ruwan Dutch suka fara sauka a tsibirin. Godiya ga bayanan babban daraktan Dutch, wanda ya bayyana duk duniyar dabbobin da suka hadu a kan hanyarsa, dodo na Mauritius ya sami shahara a duk duniya.
Photo: Dodo tsuntsu
Wani sabon abu, tsuntsu mara tashi sama ya sami sunan kimiyya dodo, amma a duk duniya ana kiransa dodo. Tarihin asalin sunan laƙabi "dodo" ba daidai bane, amma akwai wani fasali wanda saboda yanayin abokantakarsa da kuma rashin ikon tashi, masu jirgin ruwan Dutch sun kira ta wauta da rashin hankali, wanda a fassarar yayi kama da kalmar Dutch "duodu". A cewar wasu fassarorin, sunan yana da alaƙa da kukan tsuntsu ko kwaikwayon sautinta. Har ila yau, bayanan tarihi sun wanzu, inda aka bayyana cewa asalin mutanen Holan sun ba wa tsuntsayen suna - wallowbird, kuma Portuguese kawai ta kira su penguins.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Dodo Birds Mauritius
Duk da dangantaka da tattabarai, dodo na Mauritian a waje ya yi kama da turkey mai turɓaya. Saboda katon ciki, wanda kusan yake jan kasa, tsuntsu ba wai kawai zai iya tashi ba, amma kuma ba zai iya gudu da sauri ba. Sai kawai godiya ga bayanan tarihi da zane-zanen da masu zane-zane na wancan lokacin suka yi, yana yiwuwa a tsayar da ra'ayi da bayyanar wannan ɗayan tsuntsayen. Tsawon jiki ya kai mita 1, kuma matsakaicin nauyin jiki ya kai kilogiram 20. Tsuntsun dodo yana da madaidaicin beak mai kyau, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Kan ya kasance karami karami, tare da gajere, dan wuya mai lankwasa.
Lilin yana da nau'ikan da yawa:
- launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa;
- tsohon launi.
Feetafafun rawaya sun yi kama da na tsuntsayen gida na zamani, suna da yatsu uku a gaba kuma ɗaya a baya. Theafafun sun yi gajeru, an haɗa su. An yi wa tsuntsu ado da gajere, mai wutsiya mai laushi, wanda ya kunshi fuka-fukai masu lankwasa a ciki, yana ba wa dodo na Mauritiya muhimmanci da kyan gani. Tsuntsayen suna da kwayar halittar halittar mace da ta maza. Namiji galibi ya fi na mace girma kuma yana da babban baki, wanda yake amfani da shi wajen yaƙar mace.
Kamar yadda yawancin rubuce-rubuce na wadancan lokutan suka tabbatar, duk wanda yayi sa'ar haduwa da dodo yayi matukar birgewa da bayyanar wannan tsuntsu na musamman. Abinda aka fahimta shine tsuntsayen ba su da fikafikan kwata-kwata, tunda suna da girma kaɗan kuma, dangane da jikinsu mai iko, kusan ba a iya gani.
A ina tsuntsun dodo yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Extarshen Dodo Bird
Tsuntsun dodo, mazaunin tsibirin Mascarene ne, wanda ke cikin Tekun Indiya, kusa da Madagascar. Waɗannan sun kasance tsibirai ne masu nutsuwa, kyauta ba kawai daga mutane ba, har ma daga haɗari masu haɗari da masu lalata. Ba a san takamaiman inda kuma me ya sa kakannin dodon Mauritaniya suka tashi ba, amma tsuntsayen, bayan sun sauka a cikin wannan aljanna, sun kasance a kan tsibirin har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsu. Tunda yanayi a tsibirin yana da zafi da danshi, yana da dumi sosai a cikin watanni na hunturu kuma baya da zafi sosai a watannin bazara, tsuntsayen sun ji daɗi sosai duk shekara. Kuma wadataccen flora da fauna na tsibirin sun ba da damar rayuwa mai wadatarwa da kwanciyar hankali.
Wannan nau'in dodo ya rayu kai tsaye a tsibirin Mauritius, amma, tsibirin ya hada da tsibirin Reunion, wanda shine gidan fararen dodo da kuma tsibirin Rodrigues, wanda mazaunin dodos ke zaune. Abun takaici, dukkansu, kamar dodo na Mauritian kanta, suna da makoma iri ɗaya, mutane sun hallaka su gaba ɗaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masu jirgin ruwan Golan sun yi ƙoƙarin aika manya da yawa cikin jirgi zuwa Turai don cikakken nazari da haifuwa, amma kusan babu wanda ya tsira daga doguwar tafiya mai wahala. Saboda haka, mazaunin kawai shine tsibirin Mauritius.
Yanzu kun san inda tsuntsun dodo ya zauna. Bari muga me ta ci.
Menene tsuntsun dodo yake ci?
Photo: Dodo tsuntsu
Dodo ya kasance tsuntsu ne mai lumana, yana ciyarwa galibi akan abincin shuke-shuke. Tsibirin yana da wadatuwa da kowane irin abinci wanda dodo na Mauritiya baya buƙatar yin wani ƙoƙari na musamman don samowa kansa abinci, amma kawai ya ɗauki duk abin da kuke buƙata kai tsaye daga ƙasa, wanda daga baya ya shafi kamanninta da kuma auna salonta.
Abincin yau da kullun na tsuntsayen sun hada da:
- 'Ya'yan itacen bishiyar dabino masu ƙwanƙwasa, ƙananan' ya'yan itace a cikin nau'in wake da diamita da yawa na santimita;
- buds da ganyen bishiyoyi;
- kwararan fitila da asalinsu;
- kowane irin ciyawa;
- 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa;
- kananan kwari;
- 'ya'yan itace masu tauri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don kwayar itacen Calwaria ta yi girma ta tsiro, dole ne a cire ta daga kanfin sikelin mai wuya. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ya faru yayin cin hatsi ta tsuntsun dodo, sai godiya ga bakinta, tsuntsun ya iya bude wadannan hatsi. Sabili da haka, sakamakon sarkar abu, bayan ɓacewar tsuntsaye, a kan lokaci, itacen Kalwaria suma sun ɓace daga furen tsibirin.
Featureaya daga cikin fasalin tsarin narkewar dodo shine don narkar da abinci mai ƙarfi, ya haɗiye ƙananan pebbles na musamman, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen abinci cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Tsuntsun Dodo, ko dodo
Saboda kyawawan yanayin da suka mamaye tsibirin, babu wata barazana ga tsuntsayen daga waje. Jin duk lafiya, suna da hali na amana da abokantaka, wanda daga baya yayi mummunan kuskure kuma ya haifar da ƙarancin jinsin. Yawan shekarun rayuwa ya kai kimanin shekaru 10.
Asali, tsuntsayen sun kasance a cikin ƙananan garken mutane 10-15, a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa, inda akwai shuke-shuke da yawa da abinci mai mahimmanci. Rayuwa mai aunawa da wucewa ta haifar da samuwar babban ciki, wanda kusan ake jan shi a ƙasa, yana sanya tsuntsayen jinkiri da rashin kyau.
Waɗannan tsuntsayen masu ban mamaki suna sadarwa tare da taimakon ihu da sautuka masu ƙarfi da za a iya ji a nesa da fiye da mita 200. Kiran juna tare, sun fara raɗa ƙaramin fikafikan su, suna samar da sauti mai ƙarfi. Tare da taimakon waɗannan ƙungiyoyi da sautuna, tare da duk wannan tare da raye-raye na musamman a gaban mace, an yi hidimar zaɓar abokin tarayya.
An halicci ma'aurata tsakanin mutane don rayuwa. Tsuntsayen sun yi gida gida don zuriyarsu nan gaba cikin tsanaki da lura, a cikin hanyar ƙaramin tudun ƙasa, suna ƙara ganyen dabino da kowane irin rassa a wurin. Tsarin ƙyanƙyasar ya ɗauki kimanin watanni biyu, yayin da iyayen ke tsananin kiyaye ƙwai kwai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yayin aiwatar da kwayayen, iyayen biyu sun shiga taitayinsu, kuma idan baƙon dodo ya kusanci gida, to, mutumin da ya dace da jima'i na baƙin da ba a gayyata ba ya fita.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Dodo tsuntsaye
Abun takaici, godiya kawai ga karatun zamani game da kasusuwan dodos din Mauritian, masana kimiyya sun sami damar gano karin bayani game da haihuwar wannan tsuntsu da yanayin yadda yake girma. Kafin wannan, kusan babu abin da aka sani game da waɗannan tsuntsayen. Bayanan binciken sun nuna cewa tsuntsayen sun yi kiwo a wani lokaci na shekara, a kusan watan Maris, yayin da nan take ta rasa gashinta, tana ci gaba da laushi. An tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar ta alamun ɓataccen adadi mai yawa daga jikin tsuntsun.
Ta yanayin ci gaban kasusuwa, an tabbatar da cewa kajin, bayan ƙyanƙyashewa daga ƙwai, da sauri ya girma zuwa manyan girma. Koyaya, ya ɗauke su shekaru da yawa kafin su balaga. Babban fa'idar rayuwa shine sun kyankyashe a watan Agusta, kwanciyar hankali kuma mafi wadataccen lokacin abinci. Kuma daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris, mahaukaciyar guguwa mai haɗari ta afkawa tsibirin, galibi ana ƙarewa da ƙarancin abinci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dodo mace tayi kwai daya tal a lokaci guda, wanda hakan na daya daga cikin dalilan batan su da sauri.
Abin lura ne cewa bayanin da binciken kimiyya ya samu yayi daidai da bayanan masu jirgi wadanda suka yi sa'ar haduwa da kansu da irin wadannan tsuntsayen.
Abokan gaba na tsuntsayen dodo
Photo: Daɗewar dodo tsuntsu
Tsuntsayen masu son zaman lafiya sun rayu cikin cikakkiyar nutsuwa da aminci; babu wani mahaluki mai farauta a tsibirin da zai iya farautar tsuntsu. Duk nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe da kwari, suma basu kawo wata barazana ga dodo mara cutarwa ba. Sabili da haka, yayin aiwatar da shekaru masu yawa na juyin halitta, tsuntsun dodo bai mallaki wasu na'urori masu kariya ko dabarun da zasu iya ceta yayin harin ba.
Komai ya canza sosai tare da isowar mutum a tsibirin, kasancewa tsuntsu mai ruɗu kuma mai son sani, dodo kanta tana da sha'awar tuntuɓar masu mulkin mallaka na Dutch, ba tare da zargin duk haɗarin ba, ya zama sauƙin ganima ga mugayen mutane.
A farko, masu jirgin ruwa ba su san ko zai yiwu a ci naman wannan tsuntsu ba, kuma ya ɗanɗana daɗi kuma ba shi da daɗi sosai, amma yunwa da saurin kamawa, tsuntsayen ba su tsayayya ba, sun ba da gudummawa wajen kashe dodo. Kuma masu jirgin sun fahimci cewa hakar dodo tana da fa'ida sosai, saboda tsuntsayen da aka yanka guda uku sun isa duka ƙungiyar. Bugu da kari, dabbobin da aka kawo tsibirin ba karamar barna suka yi ba.
Wato:
- boars murƙushe ƙwai dodo;
- awaki sun ci shuke-shuken da tsuntsaye ke gina gidajen su, hakan yasa suka kara zama masu rauni;
- karnuka da kuliyoyi sun lalata tsoffin tsuntsaye da samari;
- beraye sun cinye kajin.
Farauta babban lamari ne cikin mutuwar dodo, amma birai, barewa, aladu da berayen da aka saki daga jiragen ruwa a tsibirin galibi sun yanke hukuncin makomarsu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Dodo kan tsuntsu
A zahiri, a cikin shekaru 65 kawai, mutum ya sami nasarar lalata ɗaruruwan shekarun wannan dabba mai ban mamaki. Abun takaici, mutane ba wai kawai sun wulakanta dukkan wakilan wannan nau'in tsuntsayen bane, amma kuma sun kasa kiyaye ragowar ta da mutunci. Akwai rahotanni da yawa na tsuntsayen dodo da aka kwashe daga tsibirai. An kai tsuntsu na farko zuwa Netherlands a 1599, inda ya yi fice, musamman a tsakanin masu zane-zane wadanda galibi ke nuna tsuntsu mai ban mamaki a cikin zane-zanensu.
Misali na biyu an kawo shi Ingila, kusan shekaru 40 bayan haka, inda aka nuna shi ga mutanen da suka yi mamakin kuɗi. Daga gajiya, mataccen tsuntsu sun yi dabba mai cike da kaya kuma aka nuna su a cikin Museum Museum. Koyaya, ba za a iya kiyaye wannan tsoratarwar ba har zuwa zamaninmu, kawai busassun kai da ƙafa ne kawai suka rage a gidan kayan tarihin. Hakanan ana iya ganin sassa da yawa na kwanyar dodo da ragowar ƙafafu a Denmark da Czech Republic. Masana kimiyya sun kuma iya kwaikwayon cikakken samfurin tsuntsuyen dodo domin mutane su ga yadda suke kafin a halaka su. Kodayake misalai da yawa na dodo sun ƙare a gidajen tarihin Turai, yawancinsu sun ɓace ko halakarwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tsuntsun dodo ya sami babban daraja saboda tatsuniyar "Alice a cikin sansanin abin al'ajabi", inda dodo yake ɗaya daga cikin haruffan labarin.
Tsuntsun Dodo yana da alaƙa da abubuwa da yawa na kimiyya da zato marasa tushe, duk da haka, ɓangaren gaskiya da wanda ba za a iya musuntawa ba shi ne ayyukan mugunta da rashin cancantar mutane, waɗanda suka zama babban dalilin ɓarkewar dukkan nau'in dabbobi.
Ranar bugawa: 07/16/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 25.09.2019 a 20:43