Hammerhead shark yana daya daga cikin rayuwar marine mai ban mamaki. Ya yi fice sosai a bayan wasu mazaunan babban teku mai siffar kansa. A gani, da alama wannan kifin yana fuskantar mummunan rashin jin daɗi yayin motsi.
Ana daukar wannan kifin kifin na daya daga cikin kifaye masu hadari da karfi. A tarihin wanzuwar, masana kimiyya sun kawo misalan hare-hare akan mutane suma. Dangane da kimantawar, tana da matsayi na uku mai daraja a kan tushen masu cutar marasa jinƙai, na biyu kawai ga fararen da damisa.
Baya ga kamanninta wanda ba a saba gani ba, ana rarrabe kifin ta hanyar saurin motsi, kasancewar saurin walƙiya da saurin girma da girma masu girma. Musamman manyan mutane na iya kaiwa sama da mita 6 a tsayi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Hammerhead Shark
Hammerhead sharks na daga cikin nau'ikan kifi na cartilaginous, tsari mai kama da karharin, dangin hammerhead, an banbanta su a cikin jinsin hammerhead shark, jinsunan wata katuwar guduma ce. Hammerhead kifi, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi 9 ƙarin pean ragi.
Zuwa yau, babu ingantaccen bayani game da ainihin lokacin haihuwar waɗannan wakilai na flora da fauna. Dangane da sakamakon binciken, masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun yanke hukunci cewa mai yiwuwa magabatan masu kama da guduma na zamani sun riga sun kasance a cikin zurfin teku shekaru miliyan 20 zuwa 26 da suka gabata. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kifin sun fito ne daga wakilan dangin sphyrnidae.
Bidiyo: Hammerhead Shark
Waɗannan masu farautar suna da mummunan yanayin bayyanar da ainihin takamaiman fasalin kai. An shimfida shi, an miƙa shi a gefuna kuma da alama an raba shi zuwa rabi biyu. Wannan fasalin ne wanda yafi kayyade salon rayuwa da abincin masu cin ruwa.
Zuwa yau, masana kimiyya ba su yarda da juna ba game da samuwar irin wadannan siffofin. Wadansu sunyi imanin cewa wannan bayyanar sakamakon canje-canjen miliyoyin daloli ne, wasu kuma sunyi imanin cewa maye gurbi ya taka rawa.
A halin yanzu, adadin burbushin da za'a iya amfani dasu don sake kirkirar hanyar juyin halitta na masu kama da guduma ba komai bane. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa asalin jikin kifin na shark - kwarangwal, ba ya ƙunsar ƙashin ƙashi, sai dai na abin da ke cikin guringuntsi, wanda ke saurin tarwatsewa ba tare da barin alamun ba.
Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, saboda bayyanar su ta ban mamaki, yan kifayen guduma sun koyi amfani da masu karba na musamman don farauta, ba gabobin gani ba. Suna barin kifi ya gani kuma ya sami abincinsu koda cikin yashi mai kauri.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Mai hatsarin guduma gudan shark
Bayyanar waɗannan wakilai na flora da fauna yana da yanayi na musamman kuma yana da barazanar gaske. Yana da wahala ka rikita su da kowane irin nau'in. Suna da kai mai fasali mai ban mamaki, wanda, saboda ƙoshin kashin jiki, yana da tsayi da tsayi zuwa ga tarnaƙi. Gabobin gani suna nan gefen duka wannan fitowar. Iris na idanun rawaya ne. Koyaya, ba sune babban matattarar magana da mataimaki a cikin neman ganima ba.
Fatar abin da ake kira guduma an lullube ta da masu karɓa na musamman waɗanda za su ba ka damar karɓar ƙaramin sigina daga wata halitta mai rai. Godiya ga irin waɗannan masu karɓar raƙuman ruwa, sharks sun sami nasarar ƙwarewar dabarun farauta, don haka wanda aka azabtar ba shi da damar tsira.
Idanun kifi suna kiyayewa ta membrabra membrane da fatar ido. Idanun suna a tsaye suna fuskantar juna, wanda ke bawa sharks damar ci gaba da gani kusan duk yankin da ke kewaye da su. Wannan matsayin idanun yana ba ku damar rufe yankin digiri 360.
Ba da dadewa ba, akwai wata ka'ida cewa daidai wannan siffar ta kai ce ke taimaka wa kifin ya kula da shi kuma ya ci gaba da sauri yayin tafiya a karkashin ruwa. Koyaya, a yau wannan ka'idar ta warwatse kwata-kwata, tunda bata da tushen shaida.
Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa ana kiyaye daidaitattun godiya ga tsarin da baƙon abu na kashin baya. Halin halayyar mafarautan masu zubar da jini shine tsari da matsayin hakora. Su uku-uku ne a sifa, an nufe su zuwa kusurwoyin bakin, kuma suna da ganuwa a bayyane.
Jikin kifin santsi ne, mai tsayi, mai siffa irin ta spindle tare da ci gaba mai kyau, tsokoki mai ƙarfi. A sama, jikin kifin shark ɗin shuɗi ne mai duhu, ƙasan ya mamaye launin fari-fari. Godiya ga wannan launi, kusan suna haɗuwa da teku.
Wannan nau'in mahautan da ke cin ruwa suna da haƙƙin haƙƙin kattai. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum ya kai mita 4-5. Koyaya, a cikin wasu yankuna akwai wasu mutane da suka kai tsawon mita 8-9.
A ina ne ake samun gudan shark?
Hotuna: Hammerhead kifin kifin kifin
Wannan nau'in kifin bashi da wani yanki na musamman mai iyaka. Suna son ƙaura daga wannan yanki zuwa wancan, yin tafiya mai nisa. Galibi sun fi son yankuna masu dumi, masu yanayi da yanayi mai zafi.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan wannan nau'in masu cin abincin ruwa ana lura dasu kusa da Tsibirin Hawaiian. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kusan Cibiyar Nazarin Hawaii kawai ke tsunduma cikin nazarin halayen rayuwa da juyin halitta. Kifin hammer yana rayuwa a cikin ruwan tekun Atlantika, Pacific da tekun Indiya.
Yankunan masu farautar teku:
- daga Uruguay zuwa North Carolina;
- daga Peru zuwa California;
- Senegal;
- bakin tekun Maroko;
- Ostiraliya;
- Polynesia ta Faransa;
- Tsibirin Ryukyu;
- Gambiya;
- Guinea;
- Mauritaniya;
- Yammacin Sahara;
- Sierra Lyone.
Akwai kifayen guduma a cikin tekun Bahar Rum da Caribbean, a Tekun Meziko. Masu farautar jini suna son haɗuwa a kusa da maɓuɓɓugan murjani, kogin teku, da duwatsu masu duwatsu, da dai sauransu. Suna jin daɗi a kusan kowane zurfin, duka a cikin ruwa mara zurfi da kuma girman teku fiye da zurfin mita 70-80. Yin taro a cikin garken tumaki, suna iya kusanto bakin teku gwargwadon iko, ko fita zuwa cikin teku mai buɗewa. Irin wannan kifin yana iya fuskantar ƙaura - a lokacin dumi suna ƙaura zuwa yankuna na tsaunuka masu tsayi.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun gudan shark. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin yake ci.
Menene kifin hammerhead yake ci?
Photo: Babban hammerhead shark
Hammerhead shark hamshakin mai farauta ne wanda kusan babu irinsa. Wanda aka zaban din da ta zaba bashi da damar tsira. Har ma akwai wasu hare-hare akan mutum. Koyaya, mutum yana cikin haɗari idan shi da kansa ya tsokano mai farauta.
Teethananan hakoran Shark ƙananan ƙananan ne, wanda ya sa ba za a iya farautar rayuwar manyan ruwa ba. Isar abinci don kifin hammer yana da bambancin gaske. Verananan raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke cikin yawancin abincin.
Abin da ke zama tushen abinci:
- kadoji;
- alade;
- squid;
- dorinar ruwa;
- sharks waɗanda ba su da ƙarfi a ƙarfi da girma: masu duhu-masu kyau, masu toka, mustelids masu toka;
- stingrays (abincin da aka fi so ne);
- kifin kifi;
- like;
- slabs;
- kujeru;
- fama;
- kifin dawa, kifin bushiya, da sauransu.
A dabi'a, akwai al'amuran cin naman mutane, lokacin da kifin sharmer ya ci ƙarancin danginsa. Masu farauta suna farauta musamman da daddare. An rarrabe su da saurin aiki, saurin motsi, da saurin motsi. Godiya ga halayen saurin walƙiya, wasu waɗanda abin ya shafa ba su ma da lokacin da za su gane cewa masu farauta sun kama su. Bayan ya kama abin da ya gamu da shi, kifin kifin shark ya dame shi da ƙwanƙwan kai, ko kuma matsa shi zuwa gindin ya ci shi.
Sharks suna ciyar da kifaye masu guba da rayuwar ruwa. Koyaya, jikin kifin kifin kifin kifin shark ya koyi haɓaka rigakafi da samar da juriya ga guba iri-iri.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Giant hammerhead shark
Hammerhead sharks suna da saurin jujjuya rai da saurin rayuwa, duk da girman su. Suna jin dadi sosai a cikin zurfin teku mai zurfin zurfin ruwa da zurfin zurfin ruwa. Da rana galibi suna hutawa. Mata sun fi son kasancewa tare da juna a kusa da dutsen da murjani ko tsaunukan teku. Suna zuwa farauta tare da masu tayar da hankali.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hamwararrun mata masu guduma suna son yin taro a cikin rukuni a cikin kankara. Mafi yawanci wannan yakan faru ne da rana, da daddare su kan birkita, don washegari su sake haɗuwa su ciyar tare.
Abin lura ne cewa masu farauta suna daidaita kansu a sararin samaniya koda a cikin duhu kuma basa taɓa rikitar da sassan duniya. An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa sharks suna amfani da kusan sigina daban daban yayin aiwatar da sadarwa da juna. Kimanin rabin waɗannan don gargaɗin haɗari ne. Har yanzu ba a san ma'anar sauran ba.
Sananne ne cewa masu farauta suna jin daɗin kusan kowane zurfin. Mafi yawanci sukan taru a garken tumaki a zurfin mita 20-25, zasu iya tattarawa cikin ruwa mara zurfi ko nutsewa kusan ƙasan tekun, yin ruwa zuwa zurfin sama da mita 360. Akwai lokuta lokacin da aka sami wannan nau'in masu farautar a cikin ruwan sabo.
Tare da farkon lokacin sanyi, ana lura da ƙaura daga waɗannan masu cin abincin. A wannan lokacin na shekara, yawancin masu farautar dabbobi suna maida hankali ne kusa da mahaɗan mahaɗa. Da dawowar bazara, sai suka sake yin ƙaura zuwa ruwan sanyi mai wadataccen abinci. A lokacin lokacin ƙaura, samari suna taruwa cikin manyan garken tumaki, yawansu ya kai dubbai da yawa.
Ana ɗaukarsu mafarauta ne masu ƙwarin gwiwa, galibi suna afkawa mazaunan teku mai zurfi, suna wuce su ƙwarai da girma da ƙarfi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Hammerhead shark cub
Hammerhead shark kifi ne mai rai. Sun isa balagar jima'i idan sun kai wani nauyi da tsawon jiki. Mata sun fi yawa a nauyin jiki. Samun jima'i ba ya faruwa a zurfin, a wannan lokacin sharks suna kusa da saman zurfin teku. A yayin saduwa, maza sukan ciji hakoransu a cikin abokan zamansu.
Kowace mace mai girma tana haihuwar zuriya kowace shekara biyu. Lokacin daukar ciki tayi zai dauke watanni 10-11. Lokacin haihuwa a arewacin duniya yana cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na bazara. Sharks, waɗanda ke zaune a gabar tekun Ostiraliya, dole ne su haihu a ƙarshen hunturu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin samari masu guduma, guduma tana a layi daya da jiki, saboda abin da ake cire rauni ga mace a lokacin haihuwa.
A lokacin da ake gabatowa haihuwa, mace tana zuwa bakin teku, tana zaune ne a ƙananan raƙuman ruwa, inda akwai abinci da yawa. Yaran da aka haifa yanzunnan suna fadawa cikin wani yanayi kuma suna bin iyayensu. A wani lokacin, mace daya tana haihuwar yara 10 zuwa 40. Yawan kananan masu farauta kai tsaye ya dogara da girma da nauyin jikin uwa.
Matasan mutane suna da kusan rabin mita kuma suna iyo sosai, da sauri. A cikin 'yan watannin farko, sabbin kifayen kifayen suna kokarin kasancewa kusa da mahaifiyarsu, tunda a wannan lokacin suna da sauƙin ganima ga sauran masu lalata. Yayin da suke kusa da mahaifiyarsu, suna samun kariya kuma suna kula da dabarun farauta. Bayan haihuwar jariran isasshe kuma sun sami gogewa, ana raba su da mahaifiya kuma suna rayuwa ta gari.
Abokan gaba na sharks
Hoto: Hammerhead shark a cikin ruwa
Hammerhead shark yana ɗaya daga cikin mahara masu ƙarfi da haɗari. Saboda girman jikinsu, ƙarfin su da tashin hankalin su, kusan basu da abokan gaba a mazaunin su. Banda mutane ne da ke haifar da parasites, waɗanda ke kula da jikin kifin shark, kusan cin sa daga ciki. Idan yawan kwayoyin parasites suna da yawa, zasu iya haifar da mutuwar koda irin wannan katon kamar gudan guduma.
Mafarauta sun sha kai wa mutane hari. A cikin nazarin masu farauta a Cibiyar Nazarin Hawaiian, an tabbatar da cewa shark ba ya ɗaukar mutane a matsayin ganima da yuwuwar ganima. Koyaya, kusa da Tsibirin Hawaii ne ake adana mafi yawan hare-hare akan mutane. Wannan na faruwa musamman galibi yayin lokacin da mata ke wanka a bakin ruwa kafin su haihu. A wannan lokacin, suna da haɗari musamman, masu rikici da rashin tabbas.
Masu ruwa iri iri, masu bazuwar ruwa, da masu yawon shakatawa galibi sukan faɗa cikin faɗa ga mata masu ciki, masu ciki. Hakanan ana yawaita niyya masu zurfin ruwa da masu bincike saboda motsi kwatsam da rashin tabbas na masu farauta.
'Yan Adam suna kashe' Hammerhead shark 'saboda tsadarsu. Yawancin magunguna, da man shafawa, man shafawa da kayan shafawa na ado an yi su ne bisa man kifin shark. Babban gidajen abinci suna ba da jita-jita dangane da naman kifin shark. Sanannen sanannen miyar kifin ta kifin kamar abinci ne na musamman.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin su
Hotuna: Hammerhead Shark
A yau, yawan barazanar gudummawar ba ta barazanar. Daga cikin nau'ikan rarar da ake da su guda tara, babban kifin hammerhead, wanda aka hallaka musamman a adadi mai yawa, kungiyar kwadagon kasa da kasa ta kira shi "mai rauni". Dangane da wannan, ana rarraba waɗannan ƙananan daga cikin wakilan flora da fauna, waɗanda ke cikin matsayi na musamman. Dangane da wannan, a cikin mazaunan wannan ƙananan ƙananan, gwamnati tana daidaita ƙimar samarwa da kamun kifi.
A Hawaii, an yarda da shi gaba ɗayan cewa sharmerhead shark halitta ce ta allahntaka. A cikin su ne rayukan mazaunan da suka mutu ke motsawa. Dangane da wannan, jama'ar yankin sun yi imanin cewa haɗuwa da kifin guduma a kan manyan teku ana ɗaukarsa babbar nasara ce da alama ta sa'a. A wannan yankin, mai zubar da jini yana da matsayi na musamman da girmamawa.
Hammerhead shark wakili ne mai ban mamaki kuma mai matukar mahimmanci game da rayuwar ruwan teku. Tana da masaniya sosai a filin kuma ana mata kallon mafarauta da ba za a iya wuce ta ba. Hanyoyin saurin walƙiya da tsananin annashuwa, ƙarancin aiki a zahiri yana cire kasancewar magabta a cikin yanayin yanayi.
Ranar bugawa: 10.06.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 22.09.2019 a 23:56
