A cikin duniyar karkashin ruwa, akwai kyawawan rayuwar ruwa mai yawa tare da almubazzaranci, bayyanuwar bayyanar. Wadannan kifin "tare da murzawa" sun hada da sikeli na kowa... Don kyawawan kamanninta, rashin wayewa da halaye masu kyau, ta daɗe da zama baƙuwar kogunan wurare masu zafi kawai, har ma da akwatin ruwa na gida.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Sikeli na gama gari
Yanayin sikila ya samo asali ne daga dabi'a daga kifi mai kyau, wanda ya bayyana sakamakon juyin halitta shekaru miliyan 290 da suka gabata. Bugu da ari, daga magabatan da suka halatta shekaru miliyan 70 da suka gabata, dukkanin masu kirkirar halittu sun samo asali, wanda daga baya ya zama ya bambamta ta yadda a halin yanzu ake daukar umarnin Perchiformes mafi yawa dangane da yawan nau'in kifin (nau'ikan 11,255).
Bidiyo: Sikeli na kowa
Bayanin adabi na farko game da sikeli ya samo asali ne daga 1823, lokacin da masanin Jamus Schulze ya bayyana shi, ya kira su Zeus scalaris. An fara kawo kifi zuwa Turai daga Kudancin Amurka a 1911, amma duk samfuran sun mutu. Nasarar ingantaccen sikeli ya fara ne daga baya a cikin 1924.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: “A Rasha, nasarar da aka samu a silar kiwo ta samu ne kwatsam. A cikin 1928, ma'abucin sikirin kifi A. Smirnov ya tafi gidan wasan kwaikwayo, a wannan lokacin mai hita a cikin akwatin kifaye ya kama wuta kuma ruwan ya zafafa 32 ° C. Dawowa gida, wani abin mamakin ya jira shi - ma'aunin ya fara aiki sosai. "
A halin yanzu, ta hanyar kokarin masu kiwo, sikeli na kowa ya samu karbuwa sosai a cikin ruwa, banda haka, mutanen da aka haifa sun banbanta da mazaunan halitta a launuka iri daban daban. Jinsi na Scalari wani bangare ne na dangin Tsikhlov, ajin Ray-finned, mai kama da Perch.
Akwai sikeli iri uku a cikin yanayi:
- Talakawa;
- Babban;
- Scalaria Leopold.
Sunan Latin na sikirin jinsunan da aka karɓa daga masanin ilmin zoo na Austriya I.Ya. Heckel a cikin 1840 - Sakalar Pterophyllum. Fassarar sunan a cikin Rashanci sauti kamar "ganye mai fuka-fuki", wanda yayi daidai da hoton su na waje. Sunan sunan da aka fi sani don sikeli shine angelfish. Scalaria vulgaris ya bambanta da dangi ta dangi a yawancin halaye na ɗabi'a, halaye da halayen kiwo.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Kifin sikeli wanda ya saba
Talakawan Scalaria yana da halaye masu zuwa:
- Jiki ya yi tsayi, kunkuntar, ya daidaita a bayyane. Kan yana da siffar alwatika, tare da jan manyan idanu a tarnaƙi;
- Girman kifin matsakaici ne, tsayin manya yana cikin zangon da ya kai 12-15 cm, kuma tsayin ya kai cm 20. Namiji da mace kusan iri ɗaya suke a sigogi, namiji ya ɗan fi girma;
- Doarshen ƙugu da ƙoshin fure suna tsawaita tare da ƙarshen ƙyama, wanda ke sa kifin yayi kama da jinjirin wata. Abubuwan da firam din firam din suke dogayen eriya;
- Launin jiki na sikeli na yau da kullun launin toka ne mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗan shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wanda huɗu huɗu masu duhu a tsaye suka tsaya a kansa; Striaramar farko tana ratsa idanun kifi, na ƙarshe ya wuce a yankin fin na caudal. Baya baya inuwa ce mai duhu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: “Scalaria vulgaris na iya canza launin launuka na tsaye a jiki zuwa mai paler. Wannan canjin yana faruwa da ita a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. "
Maza da mata sun bambanta kaɗan da juna. A cikin balaga, namiji yana da doguwar doguwar doguwa kuma yana da kitsen mai a goshinsa, don haka goshin yana zagaye, yayin da mace ke da shi kwance. Abubuwan lura na musamman sun bayyana a cikin su yayin lokacin kiwo kawai. A cikin namiji, wani siraran kunkuntar vas deferens sun bayyana a ƙarƙashin ciki, kuma a cikin mace, babban ovipositor.
A ina ma'aunin yau da kullun yake rayuwa?
Photo: kifin sikila
Sikeli na yau da kullun shine kifi mai zafi na ruwa. Wurin zama na dindindin shi ne madatsun ruwa na yankin Kudancin Amurka, mashigar Kogin Amazon mafi girma a duniya, wanda ya faro daga Peru zuwa gabashin gabashin Brazil, da kuma aljanna Orinoco River. Wani lokacin ma yakan faru ne ta hanyar 'yan tsirarun mutane a cikin kogunan tsaunukan Guiana da na Brazil.
Yankin Amazon ana ɗaukarsa wurin zama mafi kyau na ma'auni, tunda koyaushe yana da yanayin zafin ruwa mai tsayi, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga haifuwar waɗannan kifin. A cikin ruwanta, suna rayuwa tare da sauran abokan zama na waɗannan wurare masu ban sha'awa, misali: guppies, takobin takobi, yan neons, discus. Tare suna da yawan mazaunan kogin - fiye da dubu 2.5.
Yawan masu sikari ya fi son zama a cikin matsattsun hanyoyin rafuka masu gudana a hankali, koguna na baya, dausayi da kwaruruka masu ambaliyar ruwa. Abun da ake buƙata na mazaunin su shine kaurin ruwa.
Yayinda ake kiwo, qwai masu sikari suna sanya qwai akan faffadan ganyen tsire-tsire na ruwa, don haka sun gwammace su zauna cikin tafki tare da ciyayi masu tarin yawa, wanda daga cikinsu matasa zasu iya samun sauqi daga abokan gaba.
Menene sikeli na kowa ke ci?
Hotuna: Scalaria vulgaris
A cikin yanayinsu na yau da kullun, sikeli na yau da kullun suna aiki kamar kifi mai farauta.
Tushen abincin su na yau da kullun shine dabbobi masu zuwa:
- ƙananan invertebrates - daphnia, cyclops, tubifex;
- kananan kwari da tsutsu wadanda suke rayuwa a saman ruwa;
- soya sauran kananan kifi.
Oƙarin cinye abin ganima, sikeli yana haɓaka saurin gudu, wanda sauƙin sarrafawa tare da taimakon kunkuntar jiki da dogayen ƙugu masu ƙarfi. Duk da cewa wadannan kifin suna daukar lokaci mai yawa suna buya a cikin algae, ba a amfani da su azaman sinadarin gina jiki, tunda suna bukatar abinci mai gina jiki.
Larvae na sikeli na kowa yayi amfani da abinda ke cikin jakar kwai a matsayin abun gina jiki. Yayinda suke canzawa daga larvae zuwa soya, sannu a hankali suna canzawa zuwa ciyarwa akan karamin plankton. Balaraben soya koya farautar farauta mai girma, tare da taimakon iyayensu.
A halin yanzu, sikirin ya sami karbuwa sosai kuma ana amfani dashi azaman kifi na kwalliya a cikin akwatin kifayen ruwa, inda ake ciyar dashi tare da haɗuwa da kayan abinci na nama (ƙwayoyin jini, tsutsayen sauro) da kayan lambu na ganye (ɓangaren alayyafo da ganyen latas). Abincin na iya zama a cikin sifofin busassun flakes, da rayuwa da kuma daskarewa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Kifin Kifin
Scalarians talakawa ne, mazauna cikin ruwan sanyi. Sun fi son zama cikin garken tumaki, a inda ake yin ma'aurata tsakanin maza da mata. Wani sanannen fasali a ma'aurata shine biyayyarsu ga juna a tsawon rayuwarsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: "Idan a cikin ma'aurata ɗaya daga cikin ma'auratan ya mutu, to ɗayan ba zai taɓa neman wani abokin rayuwa ba."
Masu wakiltar nau'ikan nau'ikan sikeli wadanda suka saba yin rana, suna kashe mafi yawan lokacinsu a tsakanin daskararrun ruwa. Saboda lallausan jikinsu, a sauƙaƙe suna yin iyo tsakanin thalli na algae, kuma raunin a tsaye a jiki yana zama kamar suturar su.
Da rana suna farautar abinci, kuma da daddare suna hutawa, suna ɓuya a cikin dajin ciyawar ciyawar ruwa. Kafin farauta, ana haɗa sikeli a ƙananan garken tumaki. Suna ɓoye cikin algae yayin jiran ganima. Lokacin da abinci mai dacewa ya bayyana a sararin sama, sai su garzaya zuwa gare shi tare da garken duka kuma su tsattsage shi.
Wajen lokacin kiwo, mutanen da suka manyanta makwabta ne masu son zaman lafiya. Amma a lokacin ɓatancin, suna da saurin tashin hankali, suna ƙoƙari su kare ƙasarsu da zuriyarsu. Abin sha'awa ne cewa namiji da mace su kula da kwan kuma su soya tare.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Sikeli na gama gari
A cikin jama'a, sikeli sun zama manyan mutane a cikin jima'i daga tsawon watanni 8 zuwa 12 na rayuwa. Tare da farkon lokacin haɓaka, an haɗu da nau'i-nau'i a tsakanin su, waɗanda ke mamaye wani yanki a cikin mazaunin kuma suna shirin haifuwa. Don yin wannan, sun sami wurin da za su sa ƙwai. Zai iya zama dutse ko wani yanki mai faɗi na tsiron ruwa. Tare suna tsabtace shi daga tarkace da abin rubutu na kwanaki da yawa, sannan kuma su jefa ƙwai masu haske, masu haske a samansa.
A matsakaita, sikelin mace na iya yin ƙwai 150-200. Sannan wani lokaci mai wuya na kare zuriyarsu, wanda namiji da mace suma suke tafiya tare. Suna cire mushen ƙwai su tsarkake masu rai. Kare su daga afkawa daga wasu kifaye. Bayan kwana biyu, larvae sun fito daga ƙwai, waɗanda ke manne da juna kuma suna ƙarƙashin kulawar iyayensu. Idan ba zato ba tsammani wata barazana ta bayyana, to namiji da mace suna iya ma canza wurin a bakinsu zuwa amintaccen wuri.
A cikin makonni biyu, tsutsa ta juya zuwa soya. Don ɗan lokaci, iyaye masu kulawa suna ci gaba da kula da zuriyar da ba su balaga ba. Suna tattara soya a cikin rukuni kuma suna tare da su, suna kare su daga haɗari. Yana taimaka wa sara babban katako domin soya ta ci. Dangane da halayyar sikeli a lokacin saduwa, da tabbaci zamu iya kiran waɗannan masanan kimiyyar gaske na duniyar karkashin ruwa. Tsawon rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi da kuma zaman talala kusan shekaru 8-10 ne.
Abokan gaba na ma'aunin yau da kullun
Hotuna: Scalaria namiji
Rayuwa a cikin kogunan Amazon, babban ma'auni yana ci karo da abokan gabanta a can. Tunda kifin ba shi da girma a cikin girmansa, yana iya zama ganima ga duka nau'ikan kifin da kuma matsakaitan wakilai na kogin fauna.
Wadannan kifin sun hada da:
- piranhas, waxanda suke da tsananin son abinci da hakora masu kaifi, har ma suna iya cizon yatsa ko sanda tare da su;
- payara - sanannen kifi ne wanda yake da hakoran hakora biyu masu kaifi, ana iya ganin daya daga ciki, dayan kuma an nade shi a cikin muƙamuƙin, shima yana da kyakkyawan sha’awa;
- Aravana na cikin manyan kifaye masu farauta, suna rayuwa ne a bayan ruwa na koguna tare da ruwa mara kyau kuma suna ciyar da kifin da ke zaune a wurin.
Hakanan ana iya danganta Caimans ga magabtan sikelin. Saboda ƙananan girmansu, galibi dole su wadatu da ƙananan kifi a matsayin tushen abinci. A cikin gwagwarmayar rayuwar sikeli a cikin tsarin juyin halitta, ta sami damar daidaitawa.
Babban "katunan ƙaho" a cikin yaƙi da abokan gaba sune:
- Yalwataccen jiki don sassauƙan motsi tsakanin algae;
- mai ƙarfi, mai tsayi, yana ba ka damar haɓaka saurin sauri;
- Raunuka masu bambanta a tsaye suna taimakawa sake kamanni tsakanin algae thalli.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Kifin sikeli wanda ya saba
Yawan sikeli na kowa yana da halaye masu zuwa:
- A dabi'a, suna rayuwa ne a cikin garken mutane 10, wanda a cikin su akwai masu tsananin matsayi. An girma da ƙarfi sun haɗu da farauta kuma sun mamaye mafi kyawun filayen kiwo, waɗanda suke kishi da kishi;
- Yana da wahala ka lissafa yawan mutane saboda zabin aiki da kiwo na waɗannan kifin a cikin akwatinan ruwa na birni da gida. Amma ana iya cewa ba tare da shakka ba cewa yawan mutane yana cikin farkon sa;
- Godiya ga kulawar aiki na ƙwai, larvae da soya, sikeli masu sarrafawa don ceton yawancin zuriya daga mutuwa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa yana da matukar wahala a sami sifofin sikelin yanayi a cikin akwatinan ruwa, tunda kusan ba a fitar da kifin daga Amurka. Amma masu kiwo shekaru da yawa na aiki sun iya fitar da bambance-bambancen da yawa na wannan nau'ikan sikelin, wanda masu son ruwa a ciki ba za su iya yin watsi da su ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: "Masu kiwo sun samar da wani nau'in sikila mai kyalli wanda ke haskakawa cikin duhu."
La'akari da gaskiyar dumbin zabin sikeli, babu wata bukata ta musamman ta kamun wadannan kifaye daga muhallin halittu. Sabili da haka, ana ɗaukar nau'in sikeli na kowa a matsayin mai wadata a halin yanzu. Sikeli na gama gari - wannan karamin kifi ne mai kamanni na ban mamaki, wanda, tare da tsarin rayuwarsa na "yau da kullun", halayyar zaman lafiya, gami da launuka iri-iri, sun mamaye zukatan mutane a duk duniya.
Ranar bugawa: 03/21/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 18.09.2019 a 20:44
