Otter - wakilin mustashioed na weasel family. Wannan ba kawai dabba ce mai kyau da kyau ba, amma har ma mai iya iyo ne mai ban tsoro, nutsewa, mai farauta mai hankali, kuma mayaƙi na gaske, a shirye don yaƙi da mai rashin lafiya. Ruwa shine sinadarin otter, tsawa ce ta kifi, ɓawon burodi da kuma murgo. A cikin sararin samaniyar Intanet, otter sanannen sananne ne, ana bayyana wannan ba kawai ta hanyar bayyanar sa ba, amma kuma ta hanyar halayen sa, na wasa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Otter
Otter dan dabba ne mai cin nama daga dangin shahidai. Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'ikan daban-daban guda 12 a cikin jinsin otter, kodayake sananne ne 13. Jinsunan Jafan na waɗannan dabbobi masu ban sha'awa sun ɓace gaba ɗaya daga duniyarmu.
Akwai nau'ikan da yawa, amma mafi shahara daga cikinsu sune:
- kogin otter (na kowa);
- Otter na Brazil (ƙato);
- otter na teku (teku otter);
- Sumatran otter;
- Asiya Asiya (maras faɗi).
Kogin otter shine mafi yawan kowa, zamu fahimci fasalin sa daga baya, amma zamu koyi wasu sifofin halayya game da kowane nau'in da aka gabatar a sama. Wata katuwar otter ta zauna a cikin tekun Amazon, kawai tana son yankuna masu zafi. Tare da wutsiya, girmanta daidai yake da mita biyu, kuma irin wannan mai cutar yana da nauyin kilogram 20. Wsafafun hannu yana da ƙarfi, mai ƙyalli, fur mai launin duhu Saboda shi, adadin otters ya ragu ƙwarai.
Ana kuma kiran otters na teku, ko kuma otters na teku. Masu juyayin Tekun suna zaune a Kamchatka, Arewacin Amurka, da tsibirin Aleutian. Suna da girma ƙwarai, nauyin maza ya kai kilo 35. Wadannan dabbobin suna da wayo da dabara. Sun sanya abincin da aka samo a cikin aljihu na musamman wanda yake ƙarƙashin ƙashin hagu na gaba. Don yin liyafa a kan molluscs, sun rarraba baƙuwar su da duwatsu. Hakanan ana ƙarƙashin kariya daga bakin teku, yanzu lambobinsu sun haɓaka kaɗan, amma farautar su ya kasance mai matuƙar hani.
Bidiyo: Otter
Sumatran otter mazaunin kudu maso gabashin Asiya ne. Tana zaune ne a dazukan mangwaro, dausayi, kusa da bankunan koramu na tsaunuka. Wani fasali na wannan otter shine hancinsa, yana da laushi kamar sauran jikinsa. In ba haka ba, yana kama da talakawa. Girmansa matsakaici ne. Nauyin ya kusan kilogram 7, dina - sama da mita ɗaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: otter na Asiya yana zaune a Indonesia da Indochina. Tana son a same ta a filayen shinkafa da ruwa ya cika da su. Ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan compactness. Yana girma zuwa kawai 45 cm a tsayi.
Theafafun ƙafafun kafawanta ba su da kyau, ƙanana ne kuma membran ɗin ba su ci gaba ba. Bambancin halaye tsakanin nau'ikan otter daban-daban ya dogara da yanayin da suke rayuwa. Duk da wasu bambance-bambance, duk da haka, duk masu canzawa suna da kamanceceniya ta hanyoyi da yawa, wanda zamuyi la'akari da amfani da otter na kogin gama misali.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabbar otter
Jikin kogin otter yana da tsayi kuma yana da ingantaccen fasali. Length ba tare da wutsiya ya bambanta daga rabin mita zuwa mita ba. Wutsiyar kanta na iya zama daga 25 zuwa 50 cm. Matsakaicin nauyin shine kilogram 6 - 13. Abun dariya cutter otter yana da ɗan madaidaiciya, faɗi, gashin baki. Kunnuwa da idanuwa kanana ne kuma zagaye. Legsafafun otter, kamar na masu iyo mai kyau, suna da ƙarfi, gajeru kuma suna da doguwar fika da membran. Wutsiya tana da tsawo, an manna ta. Duk wannan ya zama tilas a gareta ta yi iyo. Mai farautar kansa kyakkyawa ne kuma mai sassauci.
Jawojin otter kyakkyawa ne, wanda shine dalilin da yasa yake yawan shan wahala daga mafarauta. Launin baya launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma cikin yana da haske sosai kuma yana da sillar azurfa. Daga sama, gashin gashin yana da laushi, kuma a karkashinsa akwai mayafi mai laushi, mai dumbin yawa da dumi wanda baya barin ruwa ya wuce zuwa jikin otter, koyaushe yana dumama shi. Ottawa suna da kyau kuma suna da kwarkwasa, suna kula da yanayin kullun gashin su, suna tsaftace shi sosai don fur ɗin ya zama mai laushi da laushi, wannan yana ba ka damar daskarewa a cikin sanyi, saboda kusan masu muscular ba su da kitse a jikinsu. Sun narke a cikin bazara da lokacin bazara.
Mata da maza a cikin otters suna kama da juna, kawai girman su ya bambanta su. Namiji ya fi na mace girma. Tare da ido mara kyau, nan da nan ba zai yuwu a tantance wanene ke gabanka ba - namiji ne ko mace? Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na waɗannan dabbobin shine kasancewar bawul na musamman a kunnuwa da hanci, wanda ke toshe shigar ruwa yayin yin ruwa. Idon otter yana da kyau kwarai, koda a karkashin ruwa yana fuskantar shi daidai. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan mafarautan suna jin daɗi, a cikin ruwa da ƙasa.
A ina otter yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Kogin Otter
Ana iya samun otter a kowace nahiya sai Australia. Su dabbobin ruwa ne, saboda haka sun ba da fifikon su kusa da tabkuna, koguna, dausayi. Jikin ruwa na iya zama daban, amma yanayin daya kasance bai canzawa ba - wannan shine tsarkin ruwa da kwararar sa. Otter ba zai zauna cikin ruwa mai datti ba. A cikin ƙasarmu, otter yana ko'ina, yana rayuwa har ma a cikin Far North, Chukotka.
Yankin da otter ya mamaye na iya tsawan kilomita da yawa (har zuwa 20). Theananan mazaunan yawanci galibi suna tare da rafuka kuma suna kusan kilomita biyu. Areasarin yankuna da yawa suna kusa da rafin dutse. A cikin maza, sun fi mata yawa, kuma ana yawan ganin mahaɗansu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Otter iri ɗaya yawanci yana da gidaje da yawa akan yankinta inda yake ɓata lokaci. Waɗannan maƙarƙancin ba sa gina gidajensu. Otters suna zama a cikin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban tsakanin duwatsu, ƙarƙashin rhizomes na shuke-shuke tare da tafkin.
Waɗannan matsugunai galibi suna da mafitar tsaro da yawa. Hakanan, otters yakan yi amfani da gidajen da beavers suka bari, inda suke zaune lafiya. Otter yana da hankali kuma koyaushe yana da mazauni a ajiye. Zai zo da sauki idan babban mafakarta yana cikin yankin da ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa.
Menene otter yake ci?
Hotuna: Little Otter
Babban tushen abinci ga otter, tabbas, shine kifi. Wadannan masu farautar mustachioed suna son mollusks, kowane irin kayan kwalliya. Ottawa baya raina ƙwai tsuntsaye, ƙananan tsuntsaye, suma suna farautar ƙananan beraye. Koda muskrat da beaver otter zasuyi farinciki idan tayi sa'a ta kama su. Otter na iya cin gashin tsuntsaye, yawanci yakan ji rauni.
Otter yana amfani da babban lokacin rayuwa don samun abincin kansa. Ita mafarauta ce mara nutsuwa, wacce a cikin ruwa zata iya hanzarta ta bi abincinta, ta cin nasara har zuwa mita 300. Bayan nutsewa, otter na iya yin iska ba tsawon minti 2. Lokacin da otter ya cika, har yanzu tana iya ci gaba da farautarta, kuma tare da kifin da aka kama zata yi wasa da annashuwa.
A cikin kamun kifi, aikin otter yana da daraja ƙwarai, saboda suna cinye kifin da ba na kasuwanci ba don abinci, wanda zai iya cin ƙwai da soyayyen kifin kasuwanci. Otter yana cin kusan kilogram na kifi kowace rana. Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa tana cin ƙananan kifi daidai a cikin ruwa, tana ɗorawa a ciki, kamar a tebur, tana jan babban kifin zuwa gaɓar teku, inda take cin abinci da annashuwa.
Tunda wannan ƙaunataccen kifin yana da tsabta sosai, bayan abun ciye-ciye, sai ta yi iyo a cikin ruwa, tana share gashinta daga ragowar kifi. Lokacin da hunturu ya zo ƙarshe, rata na iska yawanci yakan kasance tsakanin kankara da ruwa, kuma otter yana amfani da shi, cikin nasara yana motsawa a ƙarƙashin kankara kuma yana neman kifi don abincin rana.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ana iya hassada da canjin yanayin otters kawai. Ya kasance cikin hanzari cewa narkewa da haɗuwa da abincin da aka ci suna faruwa da sauri sosai, duk aikin yana ɗaukar awa ɗaya kawai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan cin kuzarin dabbar, wanda yake farauta tsawon lokaci kuma ya ciyar da ita cikin ruwan sanyi (galibi kankara), inda zafin ba ya dadewa a jikin dabbar.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Otter
Tsarin rayuwa na ruwa-ruwa na otter yawanci ya tsara rayuwarsa da halayensa. Otter yana mai da hankali da hankali. Tana da ji mai ban mamaki, ƙanshi da ƙwarewar gani. Kowane ɗayan jinsin otter yana rayuwa ta yadda yake so. Otter na kowa da kowa ya fi son hanyar rayuwa ta musamman, irin wannan maƙarƙashiya mai ƙyamar hanci yana son zama shi kaɗai, yana mamaye yankinta, inda yake gudanar da nasara.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da aiki sosai kuma suna da wasa, suna iyo koyaushe, suna iya yin tafiya mai nisa da ƙafa, suma suna farauta ta hanyar tafi da gidanka. Duk da taka tsantsanrsa, otter yana da halaye na fara'a, yana da ɗoki da kwarjini. A lokacin rani, bayan iyo, ba sa son yin ɗumi da ƙasusuwansu a rana, suna kama rafuka na ɗumi-ɗumi. Kuma a lokacin hunturu, ba baƙon abu bane ga irin wannan tartsatsi na fun na yara kamar tsallake kan dutsen. Otters suna son yin juyayi ta wannan hanyar, suna barin doguwar hanya a kan dusar ƙanƙara.
Ya rage daga cikin cikinsu, wanda suke amfani da shi azaman yanki na kankara. Suna hawa daga manyan bankunan rani a lokacin rani, bayan duk abubuwan nishaɗin, suna ɗagawa da ƙarfi cikin ruwa. Yayin hawa a kan irin waɗannan abubuwan hawa, masu juyawa suna bushewa da bushewa da ban dariya. Akwai zato cewa suna yin wannan ba kawai don nishaɗi ba, amma kuma don tsabtace gashinsu. Yawan kifi, ruwa mai tsabta da ruwa mai gudana, kebabbun wuraren kebewa - wannan shine garantin mazaunin farin ciki ga kowane otter.
Idan akwai wadataccen abinci a cikin zaɓaɓɓen yankin otter, to zai iya samun nasarar zama a can na dogon lokaci. Dabbar ta fi son motsawa ta hanyoyin da suka saba. Otter ba shi da ƙarfi a haɗe zuwa takamaiman wurin aikawarsa. Idan kayan abinci suka zama ba su da yawa, to dabbar ta ci gaba da tafiya don nemo wurin zama mafi dacewa da kanta, inda ba za a sami matsala da abinci ba. Don haka, otter na iya yin tafiya mai nisa. Ko da kan ɓawon kankara da dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, yana iya yin miƙa mulki zuwa 18 - 20 km kowace rana.
Dole ne a ƙara cewa otters yawanci suna farauta da daddare, amma ba koyaushe ba. Idan otter yana da cikakkiyar lafiya, bai ga wata barazana ba, to yana da kuzari da kuzari kusan kowane lokaci - wannan irin wannan ne mai laushi da gashin baki, tushen ƙarancin ƙarfi da kuzari!
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Dabbar otter
Hulɗa da sadarwa na nau'ikan otters suna da halaye da bambancin kansu. Misali, waɗanda ke zaune a cikin rukuni inda maza da mata suke. Kuma otter na Kanada ya fi son kafa ƙungiyoyin maza kawai, ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru duka, masu lambobi daga dabbobi 10 zuwa 12.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kogin otters yana da kyau. Mata, tare da 'ya'yansu maza, suna zaune a cikin yanki ɗaya, amma kowace mace tana ƙoƙari ta ware nata keɓaɓɓen yanki a kanta. A cikin mallakin namiji, akwai yankuna na wani yanki mafi girma, inda yake zaune cikin cikakken kadaici har zuwa lokacin saduwa ya fara.
An kafa nau'i-nau'i don ɗan gajeren lokacin saduwa, sannan namiji ya koma rayuwarsa ta kyauta, ba tare da shiga wata hanyar sadarwa da yaransa ba. Lokacin kiwo yakan faru ne a lokacin bazara da farkon bazara. Namiji yana yanke hukunci game da shirye-shiryen mace don kusantowa, bisa ga alamomin ƙamshinta da suka rage. Kwayar otters a shirye take don ta hayayyafa biyu (a mata), uku (a cikin maza) shekarun rayuwa. Don cin nasarar uwargidan zuciya, masu ba da hakora sau da yawa sukan yi faɗa ba tare da gajiyawa ba.
Mace tana ɗaukar cuba cuba na tsawon watanni biyu. Ana iya haifa jarirai 4, amma yawanci ana samun guda 2. Mahaifiyar Otter tana da kulawa sosai kuma tana goyan da babiesa heran ta har zuwa shekara ɗaya. Yara an riga an haife su cikin riga mai gashi, amma ba su ga komai ba, suna da nauyin 100. A cikin makonni biyu suna ganin idanunsu kuma abubuwan da suke so na farko sun fara.
Kusa da wata biyu, sun riga sun fara horon iyo. A daidai wannan lokacin, haƙoransu suna girma, wanda ke nufin cewa sun fara cin abincinsu. Dukda dai dai, har yanzu suna da ƙanana kuma suna fuskantar haɗari iri-iri, koda a watanni shida suna kusa da mahaifiyarsu. Uwa tana koya wa ɗanta kamun kifi, saboda rayuwarsu ta dogara da shi. Sai kawai lokacin da yara suka cika shekara ɗaya sai su zama cikakkun ƙarfi kuma manya, suna shirye su tafi iyo kyauta.
Abokan gaba na otter
Hotuna: Kogin Otter
Otters suna jagorantar hanyar rayuwa ta ɓoye, suna ƙoƙarin zama a cikin keɓaɓɓun wuraren keɓewa daga ƙauyukan mutane. Koyaya, waɗannan dabbobin suna da isassun makiya.
Dogaro da nau'in dabba da yankin ƙauyukanta, waɗannan na iya zama:
- kadarori;
- jaguars;
- cougars;
- kerkeci;
- karnuka batattu;
- manyan tsuntsayen ganima;
- Da Biya;
- mutum.
Galibi duk waɗannan -an baƙar fata suna faɗar samari da dabbobi marasa ƙwarewa. Ko da fox na iya haifar da haɗari ga otter, kodayake, sau da yawa, tana mai da hankalinta zuwa ga otter da aka yi wa rauni ko kuma kamala. Otter na iya kare kansa da ƙarfin zuciya, musamman lokacin da rayuwar yaranta ke cikin haɗari. Akwai lokuta idan ta shiga yaƙi tare da kifi kuma ta fito daga gare ta da nasara. Tsuntsu mai cike da fushi yana da ƙarfi, ƙarfin zuciya, mai saurin kuzari da kuma azanci.
Duk da haka, mutane suna da haɗari mafi girma ga otter. Kuma ma'anar a nan ba wai kawai a cikin farauta da neman fata ba ne, har ma a cikin ayyukan ɗan adam. Ta hanyar kamun kifi da yawa, gurɓata mahalli, ta haka ne ya wargaza otter, wanda ke cikin barazanar ƙarewa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Dabbar otter
Ba boyayyen abu bane cewa adadin masu sauyawa ya ragu matuka, yanzu haka yawan su yana fuskantar barazana. Kodayake waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi ban da na Ostiraliya, duk inda mai martaba yake ƙarƙashin matsayin kiyayewa kuma an lasafta shi a cikin littafin Red Book. Sananne ne cewa jinsunan Jafananci na waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki gaba ɗaya sun ɓace daga fuskar Duniya a shekarar 2012. Babban abin da ya haifar da wannan mummunan yanayi na mutane shine mutane. Yunkurin farautarsa da ayyukan tattalin arzikin sa suna cikin haɗari ga waɗannan maƙarƙashiya. Fatarsu masu daraja na jan hankalin mafarauta, waɗanda suka kai ga lalata dabbobi da yawa. Musamman a lokacin hunturu, mafarauta suna da zafin rai.
Yanayi mara kyau na muhalli shima yana shafar otter. Idan jikin ruwa ya kazantu, yana nufin kifin ya ɓace, kuma otter ya rasa abinci, wanda ke kai dabbobin ga mutuwa. Yawancin otter suna kama cikin ragar kamun kifi suna mutuwa, suna makale a ciki. A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, masunta sun yiwa kwazazzabo kisan gilla saboda yana cin kifi. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, yanzu ba a samo otter gama gari ba, kodayake ya kasance yana yaduwa a can. Wadannan sun hada da Belgium, Netherlands da Switzerland.
Kariyar Otter
Photo: Otter a cikin hunturu
Duk nau'ikan otters a halin yanzu suna cikin Red Book na duniya. A wasu yankuna, yawan jama'a yana ƙaruwa kaɗan (otter na teku), amma yanayin gabaɗaya ya kasance abin baƙin ciki. Ba shakka, ba a farauta farauta kamar dā, amma yawancin tafki, inda otter yake da zama, sun ƙazantu sosai.
Shahararr otter, sanadiyyar kamanninta da kyawawan halaye, yasa mutane da yawa yin tunani sosai game da barazanar da mutum yake yiwa wannan dabba mai ban sha'awa. Wataƙila bayan ɗan lokaci, yanayin zai canza don mafi kyau, kuma adadin masu juyayi zasu fara girma a hankali.
Otter ba wai kawai yana tuhumar mu da kyakkyawa da himma ba ne, amma kuma ya cika mahimmiyar manufa ta tsabtace jikin ruwa, aiki kamar yadda suke na tsari, saboda da farko dai, suna cin kifi mara lafiya da raunana.
Ranar bugawa: 05.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 16.09.2019 a 16:38
