Red Wolf - Wannan yana daya daga cikin mafi karancin wakilan dabbobi masu cin nama. A yau an amince da shi a hukumance azaman nau'in haɗari. Na dangin mai cin naman daji ne. A waje, jan kerkeci ya bambanta da mai farauta na al'ada. Tana da kamanni kamannin jan fox, wasu siffofin dodo. Bambancin keɓaɓɓen maƙarƙancin ya ta'allaka ne da ban al'ajabi na launi na gashi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoton: Kerkeci kerkeci
Homelandasar tarihi na wannan wakilin gidan canine shine yankin tsakiyar Tsakiya da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. Dangi ne na karen kura. Babu cikakkun bayanai, abin dogaro kan asalin mai shayarwa. Koyaya, akwai zato cewa marten ya yi aiki azaman tsohuwar kakannin kerkeci. Bayan haka, karnukan kogo sun fito daga wurinta, wanda ya haifar da sabbin nau'in dabbobin farauta, gami da kerkeci masu kifi.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Red kerkeci dabba
Tsawon jiki na wakilin masu cutar daji sun ɗan fi mita. Idan aka kwatanta da kerkuku masu launin toka, jiki ya fi tsayi da girma. Nauyin jikin babban mutum daga kilo 12 zuwa 22. Maza sun fi mata girma da yawa. Jan kerkeci yana da ingantaccen, musculature mai ƙarfi, da haɓaka mai yawa. Wani fasalin nau'in shine launi na gashi. Ba shi da bayyananne ja, maimakon launin ja mai launin jan ƙarfe. Launi na iya bambanta kaɗan gwargwadon shekaru, jinsuna da yankin zama.
Bidiyo: Red Wolf
Zuwa yau, an gano ƙananan nau'ikan 10 na wannan canine. Manya, kyarketai masu kyan gani suna da launi mafi haske a cikin kashin baya. Yankin ciki da gabar jiki ya banbanta da inuwa mai haske na gashi. Arshen wutsiya koyaushe duhu ne, kusan baƙi a launi. A lokacin sanyi, rigar tana da kauri da tsawo. A lokacin dumi, ya fi gajarta, da ƙarfi, kuma ya fi kyau da duhu a launi. Wutsiyar dabba tana da kyau musamman. Tsawonsa ya kai rabin mita. Yana da laushi sosai.
Muzzle din yana da tsayi mai tsayi, sirara, fasali mai fasali, ƙananan idanu. A saman kai, akwai manyan kunnuwa sama-sama. Ba kamar sauran wakilan masu cin naman kaza ba, jan kerkeci yana da ɗan molar - biyu a ƙasa kuma a saman. Wani fasalin fasalin jinsin shine adadin nonuwan - shida, bakwai-biyu. Gaɓoɓin kuma suna da wasu sifofi idan aka kwatanta da sauran wakilan dabbobi masu cin naman dabbobi masu cin nama. Yatsun tsakiya suna haɗuwa da juna.
A ina jan kerkeci ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Red kerkeci a Rasha
A yau, mai farautar yana rayuwa galibi a cikin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. A cikin yanayin yanayi, kusan ba ya faruwa. Wurin da aka fi so a cikin dabbobin farauta a cikin yanayin yanayi shine tsaunukan tsaunuka, tudun ƙasa mai cike da ciyayi mai danshi. Suna jin daɗi a cikin wuraren tsaunuka tare da tsaunuka, kogwanni da kwazazzabai. Da wuya ake samun sa a cikin tsaunuka da keɓaɓɓun hamada.
A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, ana samun sa a cikin iyakantaccen lamba. Wannan shi ne galibi yankin gabashin Siberia, gabas mai nisa.
Dabbar tana rayuwa a wurare daban-daban. Zai iya zama gandun daji masu raɗaɗi, tuddai na ƙwanƙolin dutse tare da makiyaya marasa iyaka, itacen al'ul, da dai sauransu. Babban sharadin cikakken rayuwar jan kerkeci shine ƙaramin rufin dusar ƙanƙara. Tsarin dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfin kan iya lalata rayuwar dabbar kuma ta tilasta ta ta nemi wasu wuraren zama. Ba a daidaita Red kerkeci a cikin yanki ɗaya ba. Suna yawan yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci da ci gaban sabbin yankuna.
Babban mahalli na ƙauyuka masu haɗari:
- Asiya ta Tsakiya;
- Kudancin Asiya;
- Mongoliya;
- Tibet;
- China;
- Tsibirin Sumatra;
- Tsibirin Java;
- Indiya;
- Indonesia;
- Yankin Siberia da Gabas ta Gabas na Rasha.
A cikin yankin Tarayyar Rasha, yana da matukar wuya kuma bai dace ba. Har ila yau, a cikin adadi ɗaya a cikin Vietnam, Kazakhstan. A cewar masana kimiyya, ba mutane da yawa daga 2000-3000 ne ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin mahalli.
Menene kerkecin kerkeci yake ci?
Hotuna: Red kerkeci daga littafin Red
Jan kerkeci dabba ce mai farauta. Tushen abincin shine naman tsabtace jiki. Wadannan dabbobi ana daukar su mafarauta mafiya kyau. Suna taro cikin garken tumaki, suna farauta tare.
Wanene ganimar jan kerkeci:
- kananan dabbobi - beraye, beraye, kadangaru;
- kurege;
- marmotsi;
- raccoons;
- manyan ungulaye - barewa, barewa, awakin dutse;
- dabbobin daji.
Baya ga abincin dabbobi, masu farauta suna iya cin wasu nau'in ciyayi. Masu farauta suna farauta galibi da rana a cikin garken. Samun ƙamshi sosai yana taimakawa wurin gano inda wanda aka azabtar yake. Don neman abin farauta, masu farauta koyaushe suna-sake duba hankalinsu. Suna tsalle zuwa sama, suna kama ƙanshin da hancinsu kuma suna daidaita yanayin motsi.
A lokacin farautar, duk membobin ƙungiyar suna aiki da sauri, jituwa kuma a sarari. Ba al'ada bane a gare su su kama wanda aka azabtar da makogwaro. Suna kaiwa hari ta baya.
Duk mutanen garken sun watse a cikin layi kuma sun fitar da abincinsu zuwa fili. Sannu a hankali suna kewaye da ita, suna rage damar rayuwa. Suna iya tuƙa wanda aka azabtar a cikin ruwa, idan akwai kusa. Idan kerkeci yayi farauta don farauta, alal misali, tsuntsu ko beraye, dabbobin ba koyaushe suke tattarawa cikin garken tumaki ba. Suna iya farauta su kadai.
Jaruman kerkeci an san su da zub da jini da tsananin mugayen dabbobi. Suna cin abincinsu ba tare da jiran mutuwar sa ba. Kwarewar farauta cikin gwaninta da aiki cikin sauri kuma cikin tsari cikin tsari yana baka damar farauta musamman ma manyan ungulaye, misali, bauna, golaye, da dai sauransu.
Wani fasalin gidan canine shine jimiri. Ba su da ikon gudu da sauri, amma babban juriya da haƙuri yana ba su damar bin farauta har sai ƙarshe ya rasa ƙarfi. Masu farautar za su iya yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci. Suna iya motsawa daga wuri zuwa wuri, tafi daruruwan kilomita.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoton: Kerkeci kerkeci
An yi nazarin hanyar rayuwa, halaye da halaye na wannan nau'ikan gwargwadon yadda ake kwatanta su da sauran wakilan wannan nau'in. Tabbatacce ne cewa ja kerkeci ba dabbobi ba ne. Suna taro cikin garken tumaki, suna farauta tare kuma suna kiwon yara. Membobin ƙungiyar guda ɗaya mambobi ne na iyali. Ainihin, adadin garken 6-12 manya ne. Mafi sau da yawa, garken tumaki guda ɗaya ba ya wuce wakilan dozin biyu.
Zan iya zuwa farauta a cikin duhu da rana. Duk waɗanda suka manyanta na garken suna shiga aikin neman abinci. Radius na yankin da maharan ke farauta bai wuce murabba'in kilomita 45 ba. Mafarauta suna da dabaru da yawa waɗanda suke amfani da su yayin farauta. Suna iya jawo hankalin unguan ungulaye tare da wasu sautunan, kuma, suna layi, suna bin sa.
Wata dabarar ita ce rabon mukamai. Wasu membobin ƙungiyar suna bin abin farauta, wasu kuma suna kama shi a lokacin abin da ake gudu. Kerkeci suna cin abin da aka kama tare. Bayan sun ci abinci, nan da nan sai su nemi tushen ruwa don su shayar da ƙishirwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Red Wolf Kubiyo
An san kerkeci masu jan hankali da biyayya ga danginsu. Suna kafa iyalai, wanda a ciki suke rayuwarsu duka. Namiji da mace a tare suke kiwon ‘ya’yansu. Mai ikon bada zuriya duk shekara. Koyaya, bisa ga ƙididdiga, an haifi puan kwikwiyo galibi a cikin lokacin hunturu, ko a farkon bazara. Bayan shiga cikin zamantakewar aure, kerk wci ta haifi cuba cuba kimanin watanni biyu.
Kafin haihuwar su, ta shirya rami. An kwikwiyo an haife su marasa taimako, makafi, a cikin adadin 5-8. A bayyane sun yi kama da yara na Makiyayin Jamusanci. Kwanaki 10-14 bayan haihuwa, jarirai sun fara gani. Suna girma kuma suna samun ƙarfi da sauri. A cikin watanni 1.5-2 bayan haihuwa, yara sun fara yin haushi. Kusan wannan lokaci, kerk sheci ya fara ciyar da ɗanta da ragowar abincin nama, wanda take sakewa bayan cin abinci.
A lokacin girma na 'ya'ya, garken bai yi nisa da kogon ba, har ma yayin farauta. Lokacin da suka cika watanni uku, jarirai na fara motsawa zuwa sararin samaniya a waje da kogon. Matasa da sauri sukan mallaki hanyar rayuwa kuma suna bin halaye na manyan dangi. Koyaya, kerkeci masu girma sun kare su na dogon lokaci. Bayan sun kai watanni bakwai ko takwas, ana barin dabbobi matasa su shiga cikin farauta. Da kimanin shekara guda, zuriyar ta kai ga balagar jima'i.
Maza, tare da mata, suna tsunduma cikin kiwon cuban kerkeci. An san su da iyaye masu kulawa da damuwa. Suna kare thean kwikwiyo. Yi wasa da su. Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar kerkeci a yanayin yanayi shine shekaru 7-10. A cikin bauta, tsawon rai yana ƙaruwa zuwa shekaru 15-17.
Abokan gaba na jan kerkeci
Photo: Red kerkeci dabba
Abokan gaba wadanda suka haifar da bacewar jinsin sune dangin masu farauta, wani wakilin dangin canine kerkeci ne masu launin toka, fararen fata. Sun afkawa jarun kerkeci domin suyi gasa, kare yankinsu da kuma damar farauta. Grey kerkeci sun fi yawan jan launi, girma, da lambobi. A cikin masarautar dabba, maƙiyan jan kerkeci suma ana ɗaukarsu damisa ce ta dusar ƙanƙara da lynx. Suna kuma kashe dabbar don guje wa gasa.
Wani maƙiyi mai haɗari na ɗan kerkeci, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga hallaka shi, shi ne mutum da ayyukansa. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, mutane suna ganin canine a matsayin ɗan takara kuma kawai sun sanya masa guba. An gudanar da farautar dabba a sikeli babba. Fata da gashin dabbobi, da nama, suna da ƙima ta musamman. Lalacewar mazaunin dabbar da ke cin naman mutum, ci gaban wasu wuraren sararin samaniya da ba a taba su ba ya kai ga mutuwar dabbobi. Harbe tushen abinci - ungulate da ke rayuwa a dazuzzuka, shi ma sanadin bacewar jinsin.
Wani dalili kuma na yawan mutuwar dabbar ita ce cututtuka kamar annoba da kumburi. Wadannan cututtukan suna ci gaba cikin sauri kuma ana yada su ga wasu lafiyayyun mutane, suna haifar da mummunar mutuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Red kerkeci a Rasha
A yau, an yarda da jan kerkeci a hukumance azaman nau'in haɗari. A yankin Tarayyar Rasha, kusan an lalata shi. Babban taron wakilan dangin mai cin naman canine yana mai da hankali ne a Indiya.
A cikin wannan ƙasar, har ma an ba da izinin farautar wasa tare da siyan lasisi. Gabaɗaya, an gano rassa goma na jan kerkeci. Kashi biyu cikin goma sun kusan lalacewa - Asiya ta Gabas da Yammacin Asiya. Kashmir, Lhasa, Kumaon, Nepal, Bhutan suma ba safai ake samunsu ba.
A cikin yanayin yanayi, ba mutane da yawa sama da dubu 2.5-3 ke rayuwa a yau. Mafi yawansu sun fi karkata ne a Indiya da Mongolia.
Red kare kerkeci
Photo: Red kerkeci Red Littafi
Don kiyaye nau'ikan, dabbobin suna cikin Lissafi na Tarayyar Rasha da Red Book na IUCN. An bawa wannan dabba matsayin wani nau'in hadari. An haramta farautar shi gaba ɗaya kuma ƙetare wannan buƙatar laifi ne. Iyakar abin da aka keɓance sune wuraren shakatawa na ƙasar Indiya, inda zaku iya bin doka don farautar wata ɓarna ta musamman ta sayen lasisi.
Matakan don kare jinsunan da ke cikin hatsari:
- shiga cikin Red List na IUCN;
- sanyawa a cikin Shafi na 2 na taron duniya na Shafuka azaman nau'ikan nau'ikan, na musamman da ke fuskantar haɗari;
- ƙirƙirar wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a Indiya, wanda a ciki ne aka yi kiwo da jan kerkeci;
- bincike da kuma gano mazaunin wani mahaukaci mai musamman domin samar da yanayi na kiyayewa da bunƙasa jinsunan. Wadannan nau'ikan sun hada da kare yankin, da hana ci gaban dan adam, da kuma karuwar adadin ungulaye a yankin da aka bayar.
Red Wolf kyakkyawa ce, dabba mai ban mamaki. A dabi'ance shi kyakkyawa ne mai farauta, mai iya ƙirƙirar dabaru iri-iri yayin aiwatar da abinci. Abun takaici, mutane da yawa basu ma san da wanzuwar irin wannan dabbar ba saboda gaskiyar cewa an gama da ita kusan. Dangane da wannan, a cikin yankuna na mahalli na wakilai na nau'ikan, ana mai da hankali sosai ga aiki tare da jama'a da kuma bayanin buƙatar kiyayewa da kiyaye wannan nau'in.
Ranar bugawa: 27.01.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 17.09.2019 a 9:11
