Dormouse (Glis glis) ɗan sanda ne, mazaunin mazaunin gandun daji na Turai, wanda ba a sani ba saboda sirrinta na yau da kullun da kuma rayuwar dare. A zamanin yau, dormouse galibi ana kiyaye shi azaman dabbobin gida. Ya kamata a tuna cewa irin wannan masarrafar tana cikin zurfin barci na tsawon watanni bakwai ko ma takwas a cikin shekara, kuma, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ba shi da sha'awar magana da mutane.
Bayanin sony regiment
Mafi girma a cikin girma, dormouse ya fi girma fiye da dangi na kusa, da hazel dormouse. Bera yana da yanayi mai ban dariya, amma a cikin bauta irin wannan dabbar ba ta zama ta lalace ba gaba ɗaya, idan aka kula da shi ba da kulawa ba ko kuma ba daidai ba, na iya ciji mai shi da ƙarfi.
Bayyanar, girma
Matsakaicin tsayin jikin baligi ya bambanta tsakanin 13-18 cm, tare da nauyin gram 150-180. A cikin bayyanar, runduna tana kama da ƙaramar squirrel mai launin toka, ba tare da kasancewar tassels a kan kunnuwan da ke zagaye da fasali ba. Dabino da ƙafafunsu tsirara ne, masu faɗi, tare da yatsun hannu masu motsi. I da V yatsu ana rarrabe su ta hanyar motsi na musamman a ƙafa, waɗanda suke da sauƙin sauƙaƙewa ta hanyar juyawa dangane da wasu yatsun. Ana goge goge a waje kusan 30game da... Godiya ga wannan fasalin, tsarin mulki na iya motsawa koda tare da ƙananan rassa.
Dabba mai saurin tashi yana saurin hawa da gangar jikin bishiyoyi, yana iya tsalle tare da rassa har zuwa mita goma. Wutsiyar dormouse tana da laushi, launin fari-fatsi-fatsi, mai matsakaicin tsayi daga 11 zuwa 15 cm. Jawar runduna ba ta yi yawa ba, sai dai ta zama mai daɗi, wacce ta ƙunshi galibi gashin da ke ƙasa. Yin launi a gaba kusan abu ɗaya ne. Launuka biyu ne kaɗai suka fi rinjaye a launi: launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka da mai smoky-a baya, haka kuma fari ko rawaya a cikin yankin. Ringsananan zobe na bakin ciki na iya kasancewa a kusa da idanu, waɗanda wani lokaci kusan ba a iya gani.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa dormouse na manya suna da tsayi mai tsayi wanda ke tafiya akai-akai, amma rawan hagu da dama suna iya motsawa gaba ɗaya da kansu.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Sabubuwan Sony suna haɗe da haɗe-haɗe da gandun daji, inda suke da abinci iri-iri. Dabbobin sun fi son zama cikin yankuna da yawa na gandun daji, wanda ke da ƙididdigar yawan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi na 'ya'yan itace. Sau da yawa dormouse yakan zauna a cikin lambuna da gonakin inabi ko kusa da su. A cikin tsaunuka, dabba mai shayarwa yana iya hawa zuwa iyakokin dazuzzuka, har zuwa kimanin mita dubu biyu sama da matakin teku.
Dormouse yana jin daɗi a cikin gandun daji mai girma tare da rinjayen beech, itacen oak, hornbeam da linden, tare da wadataccen ɗanɗano bisa bishiyar 'ya'yan itace a cikin yanayin hawthorn, dogwood da hazel, da honeysuckle. A cikin yankin arewa maso gabas na kewayon Rasha, dormouse yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na oak-linden tare da maple, elm, aspen, hazel, tare da raspberries da baƙar fata a ƙasan ƙasa. A cikin yankin duwatsu na bakin teku, beraye suna rayuwa ne a cikin wurare masu duwatsu.
Har zuwa ƙarshen bazara ko har zuwa Yuni, dormouse yana cikin barci, kuma irin waɗannan dabbobin suna farkawa daga baya fiye da sauran dangin. Misali, a cikin Caucasus, rundunonin suna barin matsugunansu a masse kusan ƙarshen Yuni, lokacin da thea fruitsan itacen mulberry da cherry plum suka yi girma. Manya maza sun bar alamomi masu kamshi na musamman a jikin rassan bishiyoyi, wanda ko mutum yana jin warinsa. A lokacin shakatawar, a matsayin doka, kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na samari na shekara suna mutuwa, wanda ba shi da lokacin tara wadataccen adadin mai ko kuma zaɓi wuri mara kyau don hunturu.
A lokacin baccin motsa jiki, saurin cin abincin dabbobi ya ragu zuwa 2%, yanayin zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa 3 ° C, bugun zuciya ya zama kadan, kuma jinkirin numfashi wani lokaci zai iya tsayawa na wani lokaci.
Da yawa regiments suna rayuwa
Sony regiments suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi ba masu tsayi ba, a matsayinka na mai mulki, bai wuce shekaru huɗu ba. A cikin zaman talala, matsakaicin rayuwar irin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa na karuwa kadan.
Jima'i dimorphism
Ba a bayyana alamun dimorphism na jima'i ko dai a cikin girma ko a launi na fur a cikin dormouse. Manya da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun yi kama da juna.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Polchok ya yadu a cikin dazuzzuka da filayen daji na Turai, Caucasus da Transcaucasus, kuma ana samunsa daga arewacin Spain da Faransa zuwa Turkiyya, yankin Volga da arewacin Iran. An gabatar da jinsin a yankin Biritaniya (Chiltern Upland). Ana samun Dormouse a yankunan tsibirin na Bahar Rum, da suka hada da Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, Crete da Corfu, da kuma Turkmenistan kusa da Ashgabat.
A cikin yankin Tarayyar Rasha, ana samun dormouse ba daidai ba. Yankin wannan dabba mai shayarwa yana wakiltar wasu keɓaɓɓun yankuna masu girma dabam dabam, galibi ana samunsu a nesa da juna. Ana iya samun dormouse a yankin Kursk da kuma cikin kogin Volga, gami da yankin Volga-Kama, Nizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvashia da Bashkiria, da kuma yankin Samara.
A arewacin kasarmu, rabar da sandar iska ta takaita da Kogin Oka. A cikin yankuna kudu masu tsayi na ɓangaren Turai, dormouse baya nan. Mafi yawan mutane da yawa irin wannan dabbar tana cikin Transcaucasus da kan Caucasian Isthmus. Abubuwan da ke iyakance adadin mutane sun hada da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa a iyakokin arewacin zangon, da kuma rashin isassun wuraren zama.
Masana sun bayar da shawarar, a matsayin matakan kiyaye wakilan jinsin a dabi'a, nazari na musamman kan yankunan rarraba zamani da kuma jimlar yawan jinsunan, da kuma ganowa da kuma kare matsugunin daga baya.
Abincin dormouse
Dangane da ɗabi'un abinci na yau da kullun, abubuwan da aka saba da su masu cin ganyayyaki masu cin ganyayyaki ne, saboda haka, tushen abincinsu yana wakiltar ɓangarorin ganyayyaki na kowane irin ciyayi, 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri. A lokaci guda, a cikin 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa, dabbobi sun fi son ƙasusuwa, ba ɓangaren litattafan almara ba. Babban abincin Sony ya hada da:
- itacen girki;
- hazel;
- goro;
- kirjin kirji;
- beech kwayoyi;
- pears;
- inabi;
- apples;
- cherries;
- plum;
- mulberry;
- ceri plum;
- mulberry.
Babu yarjejeniya game da amfani da abincin dabba mai dormouse. Wasu masu binciken sun yarda da isharar dormouse. Wani lokacin beraye suna cin kananan kajin da kwari tare da abincin tsirrai. Dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fi son prefera fruitsan itace da berriesa berriesan itace, sabili da haka, yayin aiwatar da ciyarwa, dabbar tana ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan itacen, kuma abincin da bai isa ba ana jefa shi ƙasa.
Kamar yadda aikin yake nunawa, 'ya'yan itacen da ba su da kyau waɗanda aka warwatse ta hanyar tsarin dormouse galibi suna jan hankalin boar daji da beyar, kuma ana amfani da su sosai don abinci ta wasu ɓoyayyen ɓerayen ƙasa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Baccin barci yana kwance a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi ko a cikin duwatsu masu ban tsoro, da kuma ƙarƙashin ɓangaran bishiyar. Innerashin ciki na gida an yi shi ne da zaren tsire-tsire, ƙasa da gansakuka. Sau da yawa, gida yakan sauka a wuraren tsuntsaye ko a saman su, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar kwan kwan da kaji. Kimanin kwanaki goma bayan farkawa, maza suna fara lokacin rutting. A wannan lokacin, mata masu balaga sun riga sun shiga estrus.
Lokacin rutsi yana da amo kuma yana tare da haɓaka aiki cikin maza kuma yana yawan faɗa tsakanin manya. Baya ga alamomi masu kamshi, wata alamar ruttuwa ita ce sauti mai karfi da dabbobi ke yi da daddare, wanda ke wakiltar mummunan kuka, gurnani, busawa da gurnani. Babban abin sha'awa shine abin da ake kira rera waka, wanda yayi kama da sautukan "ttsii-ttsii-ttsii" wanda aka fitar sama da mintoci da yawa. Nan da nan bayan saduwarsu, halittun da suka hadu da dabbobin daji suka wargaje.
Ciki mace na tsawon makonni huɗu ko ƙari kaɗan. Adadin san ƙira a cikin zuriyar dabbobi na iya bambanta daga ɗaya zuwa goma. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana haihuwar jarirai biyar, kuma nauyin kowannensu 1-2 g. Tsarin ci gaban jarirai yana da ɗan jinkiri. Bayan kamar rana ta goma sha biyu, thean kuzari suna buɗe hanyoyin buɗe ido, kuma yana da shekara biyu da haihuwa, farkon ɓarkewar ɓarke ya ɓarke. Idanuwan yara masu dormouse suna buɗewa kimanin kimanin makonni uku da haihuwa.
Tun kafin yaran su fara gani, matan zasu fara ciyar da theira offspringan su daga bakin ta hanyar laushinta da kuma nikakken abinci a cikin ganyayyaki, berriesa berriesa da anda fruitsan itace. Daga ranar 25, jarirai suna ƙoƙari su ciyar da kansu. A makonni biyar da haihuwa, zuriyar dormouse suna barin gidan da aka saba iyaye suna zaune. Abubuwan da aka tsara sun kai ga balaga ta jima'i tun farkon shekara mai zuwa, amma tsarin haifuwa yana farawa ne kawai a cikin shekara ta biyu ko ta uku ta rayuwa. Akwai duwatsu biyu na kiwo a lokacin shekara, wanda ke faruwa a ƙarshen Yuni da farkon Agusta.
Makiya na halitta
Dormouse ba shi da makiya da yawa, amma har a tsohuwar Rome, naman wannan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ana ɗaukarsa abinci ne na abinci. Dabbobin an keɓe su na musamman a cikin lambuna na musamman masu kariya ko gliaria. Gawarwakin da aka samu na beraye an gasa su da 'ya'yan poppy da zuma. A cikin Balkans a cikin karni na sha bakwai, an yi naman naman dormouse a cikin miya mai zafi.
Baya ga mutane, tasirin yana haifar da haɗari ga ƙaramin kwayar halittar dabbobi. Wannan dabba daga dangin weasel, dangi na kusa da ermine da weasel, ana rarrabe ta da doguwar jiki da gajerun kafafu. Ferrets sun fi so su zauna a cikin ƙananan kogunan ruwa da gefen gefen gandun daji. Mai rikitarwa mai saurin narkewa yana iya shiga cikin hucin dormouse.
Owls kuma suna farautar dormouse na manya, wanda don kamun farauta na zaɓi buɗe yankuna masu danshi tare da ƙananan katako. A lokaci guda, owls na iya yin farauta ba kawai da dare ba, har ma a lokutan hasken rana. Mai farauta mai fuka-fukai baya son kiyaye beraye, amma ya fi son yin da'ira akan masu murna. Mujiya ganin abin farautarta, sai mujiya ta faɗi ƙasa warwas kuma cikin ɓacin rai ta kama sandar. A cikin dukkan mujiya da ke zaune a Rasha, mujiya ce mai kunnuwa-kunnenta ne kawai jinsin da ke iya kera gidanta.
Wutsiyar dormouse galibi tana ceton ran mai ita: akan fatar dabbar akwai yankuna masu sauƙi da sauƙi na yaga kowane irin tashin hankali, kuma fatar da ke barewa tare da haja yana ba wa ɗan sanda damar ya gudu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Dormouse baƙon dabbobi ne mai yawa a cikin ƙasashen Baltic, amma ana ɗaukarsa gama-gari a Yammaci da Kudancin Turai. A cikin yankin arewa maso gabas da arewacin yankin, tsarukan mulki suna cikin tsarin mosaic. A kan yankin Carpathians, Caucasus da Transcaucasia, ana ɗaukar dormouse da yawa sosai. Anan, ƙananan beraye suna hulɗa sosai har ma kusa da mutane, don haka galibi suna haifar da babbar illa ga gonakin inabi, bishiyoyi da gonaki.
Jawo daga dormouse yana da kyau ƙwarai, amma a halin yanzu ana girbe shi ne kaɗan. An tsara jinsin a cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Red na yankunan Tula da Ryazan. A cikin bugun farko na littafin Red Book na yankin Moscow (1998), an sanya wakilan jinsin a cikin jerin Shafi na 1. Duk da iyakancewar rarrabuwa a wasu yankuna, a cewar masana, a yau bukatar kwatancen kiwo na dormouse kwata-kwata baya nan.
