Hatimin damisa ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mahara masu haɗari da ke cin ruwa. Wannan babban hatimin, wanda ke zaune a cikin tekun arewacin, an yi masa suna ne saboda yanayin farautarsa da kuma motsin launin fatarsa. Kamar damisa, wannan dabba tana son yin kwanto don abin farautarta, sannan sai ta hau kan bazuwar penguin ko hatimi. Alamar damisa tana da ƙarfin hali kuma ba tsoro.
Bayanin hatimin damisa
Tekun damisa wata dabba ce mai cin nama ta dangin hatimi na gaskiya. Tare da kifin whale, ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mahara masu haɗari da mummunan haɗari a Antarctica.
Bayyanar
Wannan babban dabba ne, wanda girman sa, ya danganta da jinsi, zai iya kaiwa mita 3-4. Har ila yau hatimin damisa yana da nauyi mai yawa - har zuwa kilogiram 500. Amma a lokaci guda, babu ɗigon kitsen mai mai yawa a kan babban rufaffen jikinsa, kuma dangane da sassauƙa da motsi, kaɗan daga cikin sauran alamun za su iya dacewa da shi.
Kan hatimin damisa ba shi da banbanci ga dabba mai shayarwa. Slightlyan ɗan tsayi kaɗai kuma, ƙari ma, ya daidaita a saman, yana da kyau sosai a cikin kamannin kansa na maciji ko kunkuru. Haka ne, kuma mai ɗan tsayi da sassauƙan jiki kuma yana sanya wannan dabba daga nesa nesa da kamanni da wani dodo mai ban mamaki ko, mai yiwuwa, tsohuwar ƙadangare da ke rayuwa a cikin zurfin teku.
Hannun damisar yana da bakin mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, yana zaune tare da layuka biyu na kaifi masu kaifi, kowannensu na iya kaiwa tsawon cm 2.5. Baya ga canines, wannan dabbar ma tana da haƙora 16 tare da tsari na musamman, wanda da ita za ta iya tace ruwa da shi tace krill.
Idanun mai farautar matsakaita ne, duhu kuma kusan ba su da haske. Eteruduri da nutsuwa ana lura dashi cikin dubansa.
Hannun damisa ba shi da auricles bayyane, amma yana ji sosai.
Abubuwan gaban gaba suna da tsayi kuma suna da ƙarfi, tare da taimakon dabba a sauƙaƙe yana motsawa ba kawai a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba, har ma a ƙasa. Amma gaɓoɓinsa na baya sun ragu kuma a waje suna kama da ƙarancin aiki.
Suturar wannan dabbar tana da girma sosai kuma gajere ne, godiya ga abin da tambarin damisa ke iya yin dumi kuma ba ya daskarewa yayin nutsuwa a cikin ruwan Antarctica mai kankara.
Launin maigidan yana da bambanci sosai: launin toka mai duhu ko baƙar fata na sama, wanda ke da ƙanana da ƙananan launuka, a gefen dabbar ya zama launin toka-toka, wanda a kansa akwai ƙananan toka, amma tuni na launi mai duhu mai duhu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin tambarin damisa, kirjin nada girman gaske wanda yakai kusan rabin jikin dabbar.
Hali, salon rayuwa
Hannun damisa yakan zama shi kaɗai. Dabbobin samari ne kawai zasu iya yin wasu lokuta da kananan garken dabbobi.
Dangane da tsayayyen fasalin jikinta mai tsayi, wannan maharbin yana iya haɓaka saurin ruwa a ƙasa har zuwa kilomita 40 / h kuma ya nitse zuwa zurfin mita 300. Hakanan yana iya yin tsalle daga cikin ruwa zuwa tsayinsa zuwa mita biyu, wanda yake yawan yi yayin da aka jefa shi kan kankara don neman abin farauta.
Waɗannan dabbobin sun fi son hutawa su kaɗai a kan ƙanƙarar kankara, daga inda suke dube-dube don neman wanda aka cuta a nan gaba. Kuma da zaran sun ji yunwa, sai su bar jirgin ruwa su koma farauta.
Kamar sauran dabbobi, hatiman damisa sun fi son su kusanci mutane. Amma wani lokacin, yana nuna son sani, kuma, a wasu lokuta, har ma da tashin hankali, yakan kusanci kwale-kwalen har ma yayi kokarin kawo musu hari.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Masana kimiyya sun ɗauka cewa duk wasu lokuta da ba a saba samun alamun damisar da ke auka wa mutane ko jiragen ruwa suna da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa mai farautar da ke labe don farauta a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba koyaushe ke iya ganin abin da zai kama ba, amma yana yin martani ne ga motsin abin da ke iya faruwa.
Koyaya, wasu masu binciken suna jayayya cewa harma kuna iya yin abokai da hatimin damisa. Don haka, daya daga cikin masana kimiyya, wanda ya yanke shawarar daukar hotuna da yawa a karkashin wadannan dabbobin, ya kasance abin kulawa daga hatimin damisa na mata, wanda har ya yi kaskantar da kai don kokarin yi masa maganin penguin da ta kama.
Amma mutanen da suka yanke shawara don sanin waɗannan dabbobin da kyau har yanzu suna bukatar su yi taka-tsantsan, domin babu wanda zai iya sanin abin da ke zuciyar wannan haɗari kuma mai hangen nesa.
Gabaɗaya, hatimin damisa, idan baya jin yunwa, baya kawo wata damuwa koda ga waɗancan dabbobin da yawanci suke farauta. Don haka, akwai lokuta lokacin da mai farauta ya yi wasa da penguins daidai da yadda kuliyoyi ke yi da beraye. Ba zai kai wa tsuntsaye hari ba a wancan lokacin, kuma, a bayyane yake, yana kawai kwazo da dabarun farauta ne ta wannan hanyar.
Har yaushe raƙuman damisa suke rayuwa?
Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar damisoshin yakai kimanin shekaru 26.
Jima'i dimorphism
A cikin wadannan dabbobi, mata sun fi maza girma da girma. Nauyin su na iya kaiwa kilogiram 500 kuma tsawon jikin su mita 4 ne. A cikin maza, duk da haka, girma da wuya ya wuce mita 3, kuma nauyi - 270 kg. Launi da tsarin mulkin mutane na jinsi daban daban kusan iri daya ne, saboda haka, wani lokacin yana da matukar wahalar tantance jinsin samari, har yanzu ba su cika girma ba.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Alamar damisa tana rayuwa ne a duk yankin kankara na Antarctica. Yaran dabbobi zasu iya yin iyo zuwa rarrabe tsibirai warwatse a cikin ruwan karkashin ruwa, inda za'a iya samunsu kowane lokaci a shekara.
Masu farauta suna ƙoƙari su kasance kusa da gaɓar tekun kuma ba su iyo a cikin babban teku, sai dai idan lokacin ƙaura ne, lokacin da suke rufe tazara mai nisa ta teku.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Da farkon lokacin sanyi, damisoshin damisa sun bar wuraren da suka saba suka koma arewa - zuwa ruwan dumi da ke wanke gabar Australia, New Zealand, Patagonia da Tierra del Fuego. Ko da a tsibirin Easter, an sami alamun kasancewar wannan maharin a wurin.
Da zuwan dumi, dabbobin suka koma - kusa da gabar tekun Antarctica, inda wuraren da suka fi so suke kuma inda akwai hatimai masu yawa da penguin da suka fi so su ci.
Abincin abincin damisa
Hatimin damisa ana ɗaukarsa mafi tsananin ɓata gari a cikin tsaunukan Antarctic. Koyaya, akasin yarda da yarda, yawancin abincin da yake ci ba dabbobi masu jini bane, amma krill. Yawansa idan aka gwada shi da sauran “abinci” a jerin abincin damisa shine kusan kashi 45%.
Na biyu, wani ɓangare mafi ƙarancin mahimmanci na abincin shine naman samfuran samari na wasu nau'ikan, kamar su marubutan crabeater, masu kunnuwa masu kunnuwa da hatimin Weddell. Rabon naman hatimi a menu na mai farauta ya kai kusan 35%.
Tsuntsaye, gami da penguins, da kifi da cephalopods kowannensu ya kai kashi 10% na abincin.
Hatimin damisa ba ya jinkirin cin riba daga mushe, alal misali, da yardar rai yana cin naman matattu, ba shakka, idan an ba shi dama.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Masana kimiyya sun lura da wani abu mai ban mamaki na waɗannan dabbobin: yawancin dabbobin damisa suna farautar penguins daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, amma tsakanin mutanen wannan jinsin akwai waɗanda kuma suka fi so su ciyar da naman waɗannan tsuntsayen.
A lokaci guda, bai yiwu a sami bayanin hankali game da irin wannan baƙon halayen ba. Mafi mahimmanci, zaɓin babban rabo na hatimi ko naman tsuntsaye a cikin abincin tambarin damisa an bayyana ta abubuwan fifiko na waɗancan gourmets masu tabo.
Alamun damisa suna kula da abincinsu a cikin ruwa, bayan haka kuma su kawo hari su kashe su a can. Idan hakan ta faru kusa da bakin gabar teku, to wanda aka azabtar zai iya kokarin tserewa daga mai farautar ta hanyar jefa kansa kan kankara. Amma ko a wannan yanayin, ba koyaushe take samun nasarar tserewa ba: saboda tsananin farin ciki da farauta, hatta damisarta kuma tana tsalle daga ruwa tana bin abincinta na wani lokaci mai tsawo, tana tafiya akan kankara tare da taimakon ƙafafunta masu ƙarfi da isasshe.
Alamar damisa tana farautar penguins, suna kwanto musu kusa da bakin ruwa ƙarƙashin kwanto. Da zaran wani tsuntsu da bai yi hankali ba ya kusanto bakin tekun, sai mai farautar ya yi tsalle daga cikin ruwan ya yi dabara ya kamo abincinsa da bakin hakora.
Hannun damisa sai ya fara cin abincinsa. Cakuda gawar tsuntsun a cikin bakinsa mai karfi, sai ya fara bugawa da karfi da karfi akan ruwa domin raba naman daga fata, wanda, a zahiri, mai farautar yana bukatarsa, tunda a cikin penguins yafi son kitsensu na subcutaneous.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin daddawa don hatimin damisa daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu. A wannan lokacin, ba sa kafa yankuna masu hayaniya, kamar sauran nau'ikan hatimin, amma, bayan sun zaɓi abokin tarayya, suna tarayya da shi a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Daga watan Satumba zuwa Janairu, a daya daga cikin shawagi na kankara, mace na haihuwar babban yaro guda daya, wanda nauyin sa ya riga ya kai kimanin kilogiram 30, yayin da tsawon jikin jariri kusan mita 1.5.
Kafin ta haihu, mace na haƙa karamin rami zagaye a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ya zama gida ga ɗanta.
A cikin makonni hudun farko na rayuwa, hatimin ɗan damisa na cin madarar uwarsa. Daga baya, mace ta fara samun horo kan iyo da farauta.
Mace tana kula da thean kuma tana kiyaye ta daga masu saurin cin nama. Duk da haka duk da wannan, matsakaicin yawan mace-mace tsakanin hatimin damisa na yara ya kusa 25%.
Theayan yana tsayawa tare da mahaifiyarsa har zuwa lokacin saduwa ta gaba, bayan haka uwar za ta bar shi. A wannan lokacin, hatimin damisa ya riga ya iya kula da kansa da kansa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A da ana tunanin cewa hatimin damisa na yara kan ciyar da krill lokacin da suka fara farauta. Amma yayin gudanar da bincike, ya zamto cewa ba haka lamarin yake ba. Bayan haka, matsakaicin lokacin da ɗiya zata iya ciyarwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa mintina 7 ne, kuma a wannan lokacin ba zai ma sami lokacin zuwa matattarar ruwa mai zurfi ba, inda krill ke rayuwa a lokacin hunturu.
Wani lokaci namiji yakan kasance kusa da mace, amma ba ya shiga wani ɓangare wajen kiwon zuriyarsa, ba ya ko ƙoƙarin karewa idan akwai haɗari, idan mahaifiya saboda wasu dalilai ba za ta iya yin hakan da kanta ba.
Alamar damisa ta girma a makare: sun balaga yayin da suka cika shekara uku zuwa hudu.
Makiya na halitta
Alamar damisa ba ta da abokan gaba na zahiri. Amma duk da haka, shi ba babban malami bane, tunda ana iya farautar wakilan wannan nau'in ta whales masu kisa da manyan kifayen fararen fata, duk da cewa ba safai ba, amma yin iyo a cikin ruwan sanyi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A halin yanzu, yawan dabbobin damisa kusan dabbobi dubu 400 ne. Wannan ita ce ta uku mafi girma daga cikin nau'ikan hatimin Arctic kuma a bayyane yake ba a barazanar barazanar ta. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa aka ba hatimun damisa damar statusan damuwa.
Hannun damisa yana da haɗari da haɗari. Animalaya daga cikin manyan hatimai a duniya, wannan dabbar tana rayuwa a cikin ruwan sanyi mai ƙanƙan da ƙasa, inda yake cin abincin galibi ga dabbobin da ke da jini a zaune a yanki ɗaya. Rayuwar wannan mafarautan ta dogara sosai ba kawai ga yawan dabbobin abin da ta saba ganinta ba, har ma da canjin yanayi. Kuma duk da cewa babu wani abu da ke barazana ga lafiyar damisar damisa a wannan lokacin, ɗan dumamar yanayi a Antarctica da narkewar kankara mai zuwa na iya zama ba shi da sakamako mafi kyau ga yawanta kuma har ma yana da haɗarin kasancewar wannan dabba mai ban mamaki.
